Oshindonga/ English - English/ Oshindonga (Embwhtya Dictionary) PDF
Preview Oshindonga/ English - English/ Oshindonga (Embwhtya Dictionary)
OSHINDONGA/ ENGLISH ENGLISH/ OSHINDONGA EMBWIITYA DICTIONARY J.J- Viljoeii P- Amakali OSHINDONGA/ ENGLISH ENGLISH/ OSHINDONGA EMBWHTYA DICTIONARY J.J. Viljoen P. Amakali M. Namuandi Gamsberg Macmillan ©GAMSBERG MACMILLANPUBLISHERS POBOX 22830 WINDHOEK NAMIBIA All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made withoutwrittenpermission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecutionandcivil claimsfordamages. First published 1984 This reprint 2004 Publishedby GAMSBERGMACMILLANPUBLISHERS (Pty)Ltd PO Box 22830 Windhoek Namibia ISBN 86848 182 3 Printed by John Meinert Printing, Windhoek, Namibia A. OMUPOPILO PRONUNCIATION Oshindonga Translation English lala liedown can't dh dhana play theboy eta bring bed fala takeaway for geya angry gwithfriction ohinga ink had ohenda mercy German:machen I lila cry hit k kala stay kick 1 lala liedown lazy ly lya eat million m mana finished mine mb ombepo wind mp ompito opportunity n nawa good no nd ondando price hands ndj ondjembo gun dungeon ng ngame I finger nk onkutsa ridingox nts ontsa eagle o ongombe beast or P popepi near pipe s esiku day say sh shasha baptise she t titano fifth kit th thaneka draw u hupula dig full V omuvu illperson van wing walk B. DICTIONARY (English) 1. Theverb All the verbs are arranged alphabetically according to the initial letters, longa is classified under1 in the dictionary,i.e.longa(o).Thepresenttenseformoftheverbisindicatedbytheletterbetweenbrackets followingtheverb. e.g.Longanoonkondo!Workhard! (Command) Otandilongonoonkondo.Iworkhard. (Presenttense). The pasttenseis normally indicated by verbsendingin -ela (e), -ila (e) or-ena(e), -ina (e). Verbs in thisformwillnotbefoundinthedictionary, asonlythebasicform(e.g. longa(o),areclassified.Thebasic formscanbedeterminedbythefollowingrules: lumatele (was) bittenhasthebasicformlumata 'bite'. tungile (had) builthasthebasicformtunga(u) 'build'. monene (had) seenhasthebasicformmona(o) 'see'. N.B. pi isclassifiedunderpya(pi) 'burn' ke isclassifiedunderka(e) 'chop' si isclassifiedundersa(i) 'die' etc. 2. Thenoun All nouns in Ndongaconsistofaprefixandastem. The singularandplural formsofthe nounsare indi- catedbytheseprefixes,e.g. egumbo 'house' omagumbo 'houses' Theprefixeschangewhilethestemsstaythesame.Certainnounsonlyshowtheprefixintheplural,e.g. tate 'myfather' ootate 'myfatherandcompany' Allnounsinthisdictionaryareclassifiedaccordingtotheinitial lettersoftheunchangeablepart(stem)and appear in bold letters. All prefixes are in lowercase. Prefixes in brackets following the noun, indicate the pluralform,e.g.oshikombo(ii-);goat,isclassifiedunderkinthedictionary. oongombe 'cattle' isclassifiedundernasongombe(oo-). Nounswiththepluralonlyareclassifiedas: omahini; 'milk',underhinthedictionary. Usethefollowingtableasaguidetothenounprefixes. prefix singular prefix plural 1. omu- omuntu 'person' aa- aantu 'people' l.a- tate 'myfather' 00- ootate 'myfathers' 2. omu- omuti 'tree' omi- omiti 'trees' 3. e- egumbo 'house' oma- omagumbo 'houses' 4. oshi- oshikombo 'goat' ii- iikombo 'goats' 5. o- ongombe 'beast' 00- oongombe 'beasts' 6. olu- olukaku 'shoe' omalu-/ omalukaku 'shoes' 00- oongaku 'shoes' 7. oka- okakambe 'horse' uu- uukambe 'horses' 8. uu- uusiku 'night' omau- omausiku 'nights' 9. oku- okugulu 'wheel' oma- omagulu 'wheels' Theprefixespu- 'at',ku- 'to' andmu- in',are;alwaysusedtogetherwithotherprefixes,ee.g. pegumbo 'atthehouse', - cf pu- + egumbo kegumbo 'tothehouse'. cf ku- + egumbo megumbo 'inthehouse'. cf mu-+ egumbo NB.the-uoftheprefixomu-inallNdonganounsisneverpronounced. 3. Theadjective All adjectives are classified with a hyphen (-) in front, e.g. -luudhe; black. The hypen indicates that a prefixistobeusedwiththeseadjectives.Theprefixesarethesameasthoseofthenounsusedwiththem. Whenadjectivesareusedwithnouns inclass5 (cf thetableabove)withtheprefixeso-,oo-,thefollowing changes occur; -luudhe; black; Onkoshi onduudhe; a black lion. Onduudhe is not classified in the dic- tionary.The-I-of-luudhehaschangedtond-. -yelele; clear: Ontaku ondjelele; clear milkbrew. Ondjelele is not classified in the dictionary. The -y- of-yelele-haschangedtondj-. -ihu; raw: Onyama ombihu; raw meat. Ombihu is not classified in the dictionary. The -i- of-ihu has changedtomb-. -shona; small,little.Ompindaonshona;asmallwarthog.Onshona isnotclassifiedinthedictionary.The -s-of-shona-haschangedto-ns-. -pu;easy,light.Ontanaompu;alightcalf -dhigu;difficult,heavy.Ondjambaondhigu;aheavyelephant. -pyu; warm.Ongulaompyu;awarmmorning. -wanawa; nice.Onyamaombwanawa;nicemeat.Ongombeonkulu;oldbeast. 4. Thesubjectconcord Subject concords are used with the nouns in sentences. They have no meaning but together with the verb indicatepresent, futureorpasttense, positiveornegative. Allnounclasses usetheirown subjectconcords. Thefollowingtablewillbeofhelpinfindingthem. Noun Presenttense Futuretense Pasttense 1. omuntu Otalongo Otakalonga okwalonga/longele tate Otalongo Otakalonga okwalonga Negative italongo itakalonga inalonga aantu otaa otaaka oya ootate otaa otaaka oya itaa itaaka inaa 2 omuti otagu otaguka ogwa itagu itaguka inagu omiti otadhi otadhika odha itadhi itadhika inadhi 3. egumbo otali otalika olya itali italika inali omagumbo otaga otagaka oga itaga itagaka inaga 4. oshikombo otashi otashika osha itashi itashika inashi iikombo otayi otayika oya itayi itayika inayi 5. ongombe otayi otayika oya itayi itayika oya oongombe otadhi otadhika odha itadhi itadhika inadhi 6. olukaku otalu otaluka olwa italu italuka inalu omalukaku otaga otagaka oga itaga itagaka inaga 7. okakambe otaka otakaka oka itaka itakaka inaka uukambe otau otauka owa itau itauka inau 8. uusiku otau otauka owa itau itauka inau omausiku otaga otagaka oga itaga itagaka inaga 9. okutsi otaku otakuka okwa itaku itakuka inaku omakutsi otaga otagaka oga itaga itagaka inaga Examples 1. OmulumentuOtayi. Themangoes. Omulumentuitalongo. Themandoesnotwork. 2. Onzinziotayikaenda. Thecowwillwalk. Oshikomboitashikalya. Thegoatwillnoteat. 3. Okakambeokamatuka. Thehorseran. Okakambeinakamatuka. Thehorsedidnotrun. NgameI, tsewe. nnggooyyeeyyoouandneyou(plural),usetheirownconcords. ngame otandi otandika onda itandi itandika inandi tse otatu otatuka otwa itatu itatuka inatu ngoye oto otoka owa ito itoka ino ne otamu otamuka omwa itamu itamuka inamu 5. Demonstratives Thesearewordslikenguka,mbokaandshiyakawhichcanbetranslatedwith"this (one)","thatone"and "that one overyonder". Demonstratives are usedtogetherwith the noun. They are not incorporated in this dictionarybutcanbefoundinthefollowingtable: Noun This That Thatone 1. omuntu nguka ngoka nguyaka tate nguka ngoka nguyaka aantu mbaka mboka mbeyaka ootate mbaka mboka mbeyaka 2. omuti nguka ngoka nguyaka omiti ndhika ndhoka ndhiyaka 3. egumbo ndika ndyoka ndiyaka omagumbo ngaka ngoka ngeyaka 4. oshikombo shika shoka shiyaka iikombo mbika mbyoka mbiyaka 5. ongombe ndjika ndjoka ndjiyaka oongombe ndhika ndhoka ndhiyaka 6. olukaku nduka ndoka nduyaka omalukaku ngaka ngoka ngeyaka 7. okakambe nkaka(haka) nkoka(hoka) nkeyaka uukambe mbuka mboka mbuyaka 8. uusiku mbuka mboka mbuyaka omausiku ngaka ngoka ngeyaka 9. okutsi nkuka(huka) nkoka(hoka) nkuyaka omakutsi ngaka ngoka ngeyaka Examples 1. OmulumentungukaOtalongonawa. Thismanworksverywell. 2. Oshikomboshiyakaotashiliomwiidhi. Thatgoatoveryondereatsgrass. 6. Possession To indicatepossession, theorderofthe words,e.g. theman'shatmustbechangedtothe hatoftheman. A concord derived from the prefix ofthe possession (hat) is prefixed to the possessor (man). Possessive concordsarenotclassifiedinthedictionary.Thefollowingtablemaybeofhelpinfindingthem. Prefix 1. omuntu gwa 5. ongombe ya tate gwa oongombe dha aantu ya 6. olukaku Iwa ootate ya omalukaku ga omuti gwa 7. okakambe ka omiti dha uukambe wa egumbo lya 8. uusiku wa omagumbo ga omausiku ga oshikombo sha 9. okutsi kwa iikombo ya omakutsi ga Examples 1. Egalalyomumati(lya+omumati)olyakana. Theboy shatislost. 2. OkakambekaPetrusotakaliomwiidhi; Petrus' horseiseatinggrass. 7. Pronouns Noun Pronoun 5. Noun Pronoun 1. omuntu ye ongombe yo tate ye oongombe dho aantu yo 6. olukaku Iwo ootate yo omalukaku go 2 omuti gwo 7. okakambe ko omiti dho uukambe wo 3. egumbo lyo 8. uusiku wo omagumbo go omausiku go 4. oshikombo sho 9. okutsi kwo iikombo yo omakutsi go Examples 1. YeOtalongo(omumati). Heworks(theboy). 2. Okakambekootakatondoka. Thehorse(it)isrunning. Pronounsofthefirstandsecondpersonsare:Ngame,tse,ngoye,ne. 8. Abbreviations adj. - adjective aux.V. - auxiliaryverb cc. - concord of. - comparealso cl. - class id. - idiomaticexpression imp. - imperative - inf. infinitive n. - noun obj.cc. - objectconcord P- - person pi. - plural - pref. prefix sing. - singular V. - verb Vide. - seealso # - repetitionofword pers. - personifiedform gram. - grammatically Roberts - Roberts' BirdsofSouthernAfrica. G.L.Maclean. PublishedbyTheJohnVoelckerBirdBookFund CapeTown. C. Embwiitya (Oshindonga) 1. Oshityalonga lityalongaayiheoyilipaambeendeeyalandulathanithwapautamekinyolo. Oshityalongaotoshikongo kohiyaIt.t.longa(o). UunyolopokatikiikondekithokonimayoshityalongaotauhololaolupeIwoshitya- longamethimbolyongashingeyi,hoi. Longanoonkondo! (Elombwelo) Otandilongonoonkondo. (Ethimbolyongashingeyi) lityalongambyonoyahulilamu-ela(e)/-ila(e),-ena(e)nenge-ina(e),olwindjiohayihololaepitathimbo noitayikavulaokumonikamomembwiityamolupenduka. lityambinootayiholokamomomalupegayo gopakota,hoi. lumatele otoshikongokohiyalumata tungile otoshikongokohiyatunga(u) monene otoshikongokohiyamona(o) kunine otoshikongokohiyakuna(u) KOTOKA piotoshikongokohiyapya(pi) keotoshikongokohiyaka(e) siotoshikongokohiyasa(i) 2. Oshityadhina lityadhinaayihe mOshindongaoyathikamamiitopolwaiyali,noyooshitetekelishokatashiulikengele oshityaoshilimolupeluushimwenengeomolupeluuwindji,nekota, hoi. egumbo omagumbo Oshitetekeliohashi lunduluka,omangaekotaihaalilunduluka,anolilingaashilili. Miinimayimwe oshitetekeliohashiholokaowalamolupeluuwindji,hoi.tateootate lityadhinaayihemembwiityandinooyalandulathanithwapautamekinyolowomakota(iitopolwaiikwaalu- nduluka). litetekelioyouunyolouushonaunaiitetekelimolupeluuwindjikonimayoshityakehemiiko- ndekitho,hoi. tate(-,00-); egumbo(oma-); iityadhinambyonohayiholokaowalamolupeluuwindji,oyuulikwangaashitashilandula: omahini lityadhinaayihemOshindongaotayivuluyitopolwepalupeluushimwenopalupeluuwindjimoshimpungu tashilandula: oshitetekeli olupeluushimwe oshitetekeli olupeluuwindji 1. omu- omuntu aa- aantu l.a. - tate oo- ootate 2. omu- omuti oitii- omiti 3. e- egumbo oma- omagumbo 4. oshi- oshikombo ii- iikombo 5. 0- ongombe oo- oongombe 6. olu- olukaku omalu-/ omalukaku oo- oongaku 7. oka- okakambe uu- uukambe 8. uu- uusiku omau- omausiku 9. oku- okugulu oma- omagulu litetekelipu-,ku-namu-ohayiholokaaluhepamweniitetekeliyilwe,hoi. pegumbo pu- +egumbo kegumbo ku- egumbo -i- megumbo mu--(-egumbo Kotoka: -uyoshitetekeliomu-ihayipopiwa. 3. Oshityalupe lityaayihetayiholokamembwiityamunoyinaokasinda(-)komehogayo,oyoiityalupe. Okasindaotaka ulikekutyaoshityalupeoshinaokulongithwanoshitetekeli,hoi. -luudhe oshikombooshiluudhe litetekeliyiityalupeoyafaathananoyiityadhinambyokayalongithwa. Uunaiityalupeyalongithwapamwe niityadhinayinaiitetekelio-oo-(No.5 moshimpungupombanda), omalundulukotagalandulaohaganingwapo: -luudhe onkoshionduudhe Onduudheitashiholokamomembwiitya. Kongaano-luudhe. -yelele ontakuondjelele Ondjeleleitashiholokamomembwiitya.Kongaano-yelele. -ihuonyamaombihu Ombihuitashiholokamomembwiitya. Kongaano-ihu. -shona ompindaonshona -pu ontanaompu ^..^^ -dhigu ondjambaondhigu -pyu ongulaompyu -wanawa onyamaombwanawa -kulu ongombeonkulu 4. Oshikwatakanithiningi likwatakanithiningioyouutyahaulongithwapamweniityadhinamomatumbulo. Ohayiulikepamwe niityalongaethimbolyongashingeyi,etegwathimbonepitathimbo. likwatakanithiningiyoshityadhinakehe oyayooloka. Yelekanithaoshimpungutashilandula:
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