Table Of Content

CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 Volume 9 MARCH FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES, pages 1-102 JUNE CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN EVALUATION AND REHABILITATION, pages 103-273 SEPTEMBER COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE, pages 275-465 DECEMBER EXERCISE TECHNOLOGIES, pages 467-612 Note: Page numbers of issue and article titles are in boldface type. Abdominal hollowing maneuver, and sham, 435, 437 bridging exercises, 533 sympatholytic effect of, 435 and initiative training of transversus traditional Chinese concepts in, abdominis, 531-534 429-431 substitution patterns to avoid in, Aerobic exercise, in low back pain, 532-533 542-544 Abdominals, 122 Agility training, using Fastex Acceleration compensation, resultant computerized training system, joint moments and, 565—566 201-202 Activities of Daily Living Scale, 25-26 Alt-HealthWatch, 451 Acuity of patient, influence of, on American Medical Association, American physical therapy outcomes, 37-53 Physiotherapy Association and, 444 Acupuncture, and physical therapy, website of, 451 429-442 American Physical Therapy Association, bibliography on, 452 guide of. See Guide to Physical brain and spinal cord model of, Therapist Practice. 431-434 American Physical Therapy Association’s clinical studies of, 436-438 Model Practice Act, 307 delivery of care issues associated with, American Physiotherapy Association, 439 American Medical Association and, endorphin explanation of, 434—435 444 James Barrett Reston and, 444 Amino acids, conditionally essential, 324 modern physiologic aspects of, Anatomy, functional, review of, 121-124 431-435 Ankle, torque at, 154—155 National Institutes of Health and, 444 Anterior cruciate ligament, points for, 430, 432 reconstruction of, kinetic chain characteristics of, 435 strengthening programs following, relationship to hypnosis, 435 159-160 safety of, 436 outcome studies in, 166 597 598 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 Anterior cruciate ligament (Continued) Cardiovascular system, health of, Tai Chi standing weight-bearing closed and, 368-369 kinetic chain testing in, 111-112 Care delivery, analysis of, staff analysis strains of, kinetic chain activities and, and, in outcomes system, 77—78 155-157 Care management system, analysis of, in Anthropometry, Pilates-based outcomes system, 77 rehabilitation and, 409 Care process, continuous quality Apartheid medicine, 276, 284 improvement in, implementation of, Arginine, for supplementation during 74-78 recovery, 324—325 Ch’i, concept of, 294 Asana, yoga and, neurophysiology of, holistic health care and, 294 347-349 Child Health Questionnaire, 25 Athrogenic muscle inhibition, 125-126 Chinese medicine, body emitting energy Average strength maps, 575 and, 294 Awareness Through Movement, 378-379 traditional reviews of literature on, 452 Axial alignment and stabilization, Chromium, 331 resultant joint moments and, 566 Cincinnati-Noyes Knee Rating System, Ayurveda, literature on, 452-453 166-169, 170-171 Clinical Measures of Functional Outcomes: Functional Tool Box, 94 Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, 451 Cochrane Library, Cochrane Controlled Back pain, low. See Low back pain. Trials Register on, 451 Balance, and prevention of falls, yoga in, Collagen, 364-365 352 Complementary medicine, and gravitational influence theory of, 348 alternative medicine. See also kinesthesia, and proprioception testing, Holistic health care. 105-106 appraisal of, ethics and, 456-457 proprioception and, 556 challenges of, 450-451 Bi syndromes, 432 evolution of, in United States, Bilateral deficit, 552 Biodex stability system, upper extremity 275-289 growth of, 444-445 closed kinetic chain stance stability in healing, science behind, 291-302 test using, 227-228 interaction of movement science 3iomechanical studies, during elastic resistance exercise, 588-589 with, 447-448 interaction with physical therapy, Body composition, resistance training and western medical model, and, 483 Bohr, Niels, 296 446-447 movement and motor learning and, Bones, tai chi and, 367-368 Breathing, and posture, in Feldenkrais 449-450 interventions of, criteria for selection method, research literature on, 380 of, 457 methodology of, 453-455 physical therapists and, risk for, 450-457 physical therapy and, 445-446 Cardiac dimensions, alterations of, randomized controlled trials of, associated with resistance training, subject selection and design for, 484 455-456 Cardiorespiratory system, health of, Tai rehabilitation and, 295 Chi and, 368-369 research issues in, for physical Cardiovascular fitness, walking and, 1 therapists, 450 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 599 research on, evidence for validation Creatine phosphate, 330 of, 453—455 Cross-education, and neuromuscular researching of effectiveness of, strength changes, 552—553 299-300 Crutches, bilateral axillary, partial weight scientific foundations of, 295-297 bearing using, 190, 191 websites of, 453, 454 Cybex open kinetic chain computerized and research in orthopaedic practice, testing system, 251, 252, 262 establishment of model for use of, 443-460 in orthopaedic physical therapy, 275-460 Concentric assistance, and eccentric Daily Living Scale of Knee Outcome overload, 525 Surgery, 166, 175-178 Concentric contraction(s), 515, 585 Davies closed kinetic chain upper Concentric contraction coupling, versus extremity stability test, 224-225, 226 eccentric, 516 Descartes, Rene, 293 Concentric strength, and eccentric Deweighted ambulation on treadmill, for strength, differences in, 522-523 patients with low back pain, 543 Concentric training, and eccentric Difference maps, 575 training, and muscular strength Dynamic control ratio map, 575 development, 523 Dynamic exercises, in standing position, Conditioning exercises, for lower 540 extremity, 541-542 Dynamometers, isokinetic, 563-564 Condroitin sulfate, 332—333 Dynamometry, evaluation of Confidence maps, 576 neuromuscular performance using, Connective tissue, healing of, effects of 563-580 operational basis of, 564—566 nutrition on, 322 Dynamometry data, analysis of, 578-579 energy requirements for, 323 micronutrients in, 325 mineral requirements for, 325 protein requirements for, 323-324 vitamins in, 326 Eccentric contraction(s), 515, 585 Pilates-based rehabilitation and, and muscle damage, 519-521 406-408 bioenergetics of, 519-521 Contraction coupling, eccentric versus in plyometrics, 523-524 concentric, 516 Eccentric contraction coupling, versus Contraction physiology, basic, 515-516 concentric, 516 Core, definition of, 120 Eccentric exercise, role of, in strength of, assessment of, 126 strengthening of muscles, 515-527 Core (trunk) stabilization, closed kinetic Eccentric overload, concentric assistance chain rehabilitation and, 119-135 and, 525 guidelines for, 128-129 Eccentric strength, and concentric muscular imbalances and, 124-125 strength, differences in, 522-523 neuromuscular considerations and, heavy negatives for, 524—! 125-126 Eccentric training, and concentric postural considerations and, 124 training, and muscular strength training, scientific rationale for, 127 development, 523 training concepts, 120-121 and injury prevention, 521-522 training program, 130 Einstein, Albert, 296, 307 Creatine, 330 Elastic, as material, 582 supplementation with, to improve cyclic deformation of, 584 performance, 471 effects of temperature on, 584 600 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 Elastic (Continued) elastic resistance, biomechanical for resistance training, 581, 584—585 studies during, 588-589 resistance provided by, 582 electromyographic studies during, retractive stress of, 582 588 side effect of, 583 following injury of illness, velocity effects of, 583-584 establishment of plan for, 185, Elastic exercise training, 581-595 186 clinical applications of, 589-590 horizontal side support, muscle clinical trials of, 589 activity in quadratus lumborum dosage of, 590-593 ana, 536 dose resistance and, 591-592 in musculoskeletal impairments, duration of, factors influencing, 593 benefits of, 2 intensity of, 590 isokinetic, 564, 584 load and effort and, 584—586 isolation, 152 research on, 587—589 and kinetic chain exercises, Elastic resistance exercise, biomechanical biomechanical differences in, studies during, 588-589 155-160 electromyographic studies during, isometic, 584 588 isotonic, 584 Elbows, prone on, 237 kinetic chain. See Kinetic chain Elderly patients, exercise training in, 1 exercises. Electromyogram, mean integrated values, low back pain and, 2 of pectoralis major and triceps, lower extremity, selection and measurement of, motor learning 213 Electromyographic studies, during elastic principles and, 145-147 resistance exercise, 588 neuromuscular control, 538-540 Electromyography map, 572-573, 576 plyometric, 560 Energy, whole body, 294 use of elastic in, 590 regular, and dysfunction or disability, Energy medicine. See Complementary medicine, and alternative medicine. 2,11 resistance. See Hesistance exercise. Energy requirements, and protein stabilization, progression of, 541 requirements, during rehabilitation, strengthening, for patients with low 328-329 back pain, 531-538 in connective tissue healing, 323 therapeutic, definition of, 185 Erector spinae muscles, in stabilization of yoga and, 355 spine, 534 upper extremity, on therapy ball, Euroglide frontal plane exercises, 538-539 258-260, 261 selection and measurement of, motor Exercise(s), aerobic, in low back pain, learning principles and, 144-145 542-544 Exercise history, and health status and health-related quality of life, 11 outcomes, in musculoskeletal bridging, and abdominal hollowing impairment. See Musculoskeletal maneuver, 533 impairments. classification of, based on kinetic Exercise prescription, decisions for, chain, 249 187 conditioning, for lower extremity, in low back pain, 540 541-542 Exercise technology, 467-595 dynamic, in standing position, 540 Exercise training, elastic. See Elastic eastern physiology of, 347 exercise training. eccentric, role of, in strengthening of in elderly patients, 1 muscles, 515-527 Exertion scale, perceived, rating of, elastic, load and effort in, 584—586 592 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 601 Extension exercises, for training of Functional anatomy, review of, multifidus and erector spinae, 121-124 534-536 Functional Disability Inventory, 25 Extremities. See Lower extremity(ies); Functional improvement, measurement Upper extremity(ies). of, physical therapy outcomes and, 45—46 Functional Independence Measure for Children, 23, 24 Functional Integration, 378 Functional Interference Estimate, 95 Falls, tai chi and, 369-370 Functional outcomes, 1-97 Fastex computerized interactive measurement of, physical therapy functional training simulations, 106, outcomes and, 38, 46-47 257 Functional rehabilitation, integrated Fastex computerized interactive approach to, 261—263 functional training system, upper Functional strength, 119 extremity closed kinetic chain stance Functional testing algorithm, 103-105, stability test using, 225, 9, 227 262-263 Fastex computerized neuromuscular basic examination measurements and, assessment system, 106, 107, 108 104-105 Fastex computerized training system, criteria for, 104 agility training using, 201-202 progression in, guidelines for, 105 Feldenkrais, Moshe, 376 specificity testing and, 116 Feldenkrais method, 375-394 Functional testing algorithm focus of, 375 rehabilitation program, closed kinetic functional mebility and quality of life, chain, 257, 259 381 historical background of, 376 pain management and, research literature on, 379-380 philosophic and theoretic background of, 376-377 Glucosamine sulfate, 331-332, 333 posture and breathing and, research Glutamine, for supplementation during literature on, 380 recovery, 324—325 practice using, analysis of, 381-384 Gluteus maximus, 123 range of motion and muscle activity strengthening of, in low back pain, 542 and, research literature on, 380 Glycoproteins, 365 research literature on, 379-381 Golgi tendon organ, 558-559 training and practice in, 377-379 Growth factors, insulin-like, resistance use of, case presentations of, training and, 481 384-392 Guide to Physical Therapist Practice, 17 Fiber type recruitment, proprioception and levels of functional limitations and and, 553-555 disability, 21 Financial risk, assumed by physical and satisfaction and prevention, 21 therapy providers, 70 classification of musculoskeletal Fitter frontal plane exercises, 258-260 conditions by, 18, 19 Flexed-arm hang, 222 measurement and application of pain Flexibility, resistance training and, outcomes to, 89-97 484 pain as specific test measure in, 90 Force, gradation of, proprioception and, preferred practice patterns of, and 550 pain, 90-91 Force elongation curves, for resistance Guide to Physical Therapy Practice, 307, levels, 588—589, 590 308 602 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 H/Q ratio map, 575 political activities and, 285-286 Health care, countervailing forces in, recommendations for, 284—287 278-279 research and, 285 crisis in, onset of, 276-277 state and local governments and, 280 increasing hostilities associated with, struggle for legitimacy, 292-293 277-278 totality of person in, 294 Health care market, change in access to, Holistic theory, 297 305-306 Holistic therapies, focus of attention of, change in criteria for care in, 305 298, 300 change in focus of, 304-305 mind/body connection of, 298-299 mandate to serve, 306-311 Hop test, single leg, using closed kinetic musculoskeletal health and, 306 chain testing, 112-114 Health-related quality of life, 2 Horizontal side support, muscle activity exercise and, 11 in quadratus lumborum and, 536 measures of, as measures of health Hyaluronic acid, 365 status, 11, 12 Hypnosis, relationship of acupuncture to, Health status, measures of, health-related 435 quality of life measures as, 11, 12 Health status outcomes, exercise history and, in musculoskeletal impairment. See Musculoskeletal impairments. Healthy People 2000, 311 Immune system, movement, tai chi and, Heart rates, resting, resistance training 363-364 and, 483 Injury prevention, eccentric training and, Heavy negative exercise, eccentric 521-522 strength for, 524-525 International Knee Documentation Herbal supplements, 321-322 Committee, 173-175 Hip, muscles of, and torque, 153-154 Isokinetic dynamometers, 563-564 Isokinetic exercise, 564, 584 Hipp isotonics, stance limb for Isokinetics, 188 stabilization in, 193, 194 closed chain, 197, 198 Holism, 456 Isolation exercise(s), 152 Holistic health care, alliance-building and kinetic chain exercises, and, 285 biomechanical differences in, biomedical community and, 286-287 155-160 ch’i and, 294 Isometric exercise, 584 consumers and, 281-282 Isotonic exercise, 584 education and, 285 Isovelocity data, 565—566 Federal government and, 279-280 HMOs and, 281 holistic physicians and osteopaths and, 283 hospitals and, 282 Jogging, for patients with low back pain, increasing interest in, 279 543-544 insurance companies and managed Joint(s), approximation of, with Swiss care plans and, 280-281 Ball, 235-237 legitimacy of, 278 multiple, involvement in closed kinetic mainstreaming of, 279 chain exercises, 214-215 media coverage of, 281 restrictions of, monitoring of, during medical journals and, 282 closed kinetic chain rehabilitation, medical schools and, 282—283 258-260 nonphysician holistic practitioners stability of, closed kinetic chain and, 283 exercises and, 213-214 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 603 Joint moments, resultant, 564—565 load conditanid,o 1n5 2 acceleration compensation and, neuraospmecto oft, o160r—16 1 565-566 Kinetic chain movemecnlots,ed , and moment of weight correction, 209-210 565 Kinetic chain physical education and axial aligannd smtaebilnizattio n fitness tests, for upper extremities, and, 566 219-223 Jump test, double legged, using closed Kinetic chain rehabilitatciloosne,d, kinetic chain testi1n12g, ,11 3 103-267 Juvenile Arthritis Functional! Status advpahasne ocf,e 199d-2 02 Index, 24-25 advantaofg,e 2s5 82 and assessment2,! —260 methofo, 2d57—s26 0 begiphnasen ofi, n189g-19 6 controlled range-of-motion activities Kinetic chain, closed, definition of, in, 190-193 151-152 core (trunk) stabilization and, versus open kinetic chain, 119-135 operational definition of, in intermediate phase of 137-139 rehabilitation, 196—197, 199 exercise classifibacsaedt oin,o 2n4 9 intermpheased oif,a 19t6-e19 9 infolf, oun teorqnue gceneerat ed moniotf mouscrle iimbnalagnce s during exercise, 153-155 and joint restrictions during, open, definitoif,o 1n5 1 258-260 versus Closed kinetchiaicn , of lower extremity, clinical operational definition of, applicoaf,t 1i85o-2n07 137-139 ratifoorn, a25l1-e25 7 partial, 210 open, rationfoar,l 2e5 1 strengthening programs, effectiveness open and closed, comparien dkn,e e of, 159-160 conditions, 261—262 Kinetic chain clinical rehabilitation tests integrated, 261-263 closed, of upper extremi22t3—y2,87 inteapprgoacrh tao, stcienetifdic a nd Kinetic chain exercisaned (issol)at,io n clinical ratioforn, a24l7-e26 7 exercises, biomechanical differences Kinetic chain stability test, closed, of in, 155-160 classificaotfi, o1n52 upper extremoif Dtavyi,es , closed, biomecahnad pnhyisicolsog y 226 Kinchaein ttermiinoclog y, 151-152, 209, of, 212—216 characterisotfi,c 2s12 210 clinical applicaoft,i 1o43n-1s47 in classifsyistcema ftori houmna n in upper extremities, application of, movement2,10 anatomic features to consider Kinetic chain testing, closed, advantages for, 231-233 of, 106—109 biomechaandn pihyscioalolgi c and open, compared, 111 baosf, i209s-21 8 functional testing using, 112-116 clinical applicoaf,t 2i31o-2n45 limitatoifo,n 1s1 0 quantifofi mucscaultari acotinvi ty Linea computerized isokinetic, during, 233-234 109-110, 262 neurophysmiootolr ocogntirocl a,n d sciaendn clitnicial rfatiionacle f or motor learbasnis oif,n 137g-14 9 using, 106-109 theoorn,i 24e8—s25 0 standing weight-beairn ianntegri,o r definitofi,o 1n5 2 cruciate reconstructions disambodeil alndi, 1t39y-14 0 111-112 604 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 Kinetic chain testing (continued) Low back pain, aerobic exercise for supine or semisitting, Linea patients with, 542-544 computerized isokinetic, as prevalent and costly problem, 38 109-110 deweighted ambulation on treadmill open, 110 in, 543 and closed, compared, 111 early active treatment for, 37-38 Kinetic chain testing techniques, closed, exercise and, 2 of lower extremities, 165-183 ~. exercise prescription in, 540 of upper extremities, 219-229 : jogging in, 543-544 Kinetic chain training, closed, for upper physical therapy intervention for, extremity, 235 timing of, 38 specific application of, 235-243 role of muscle strength in, 529-547 Kinetic chain unilateral stance stability running in, 543-544 testing, closed, of upper extremity, strengthening exercises for patients 225-228 with, 531-538 Knee, altered reaction to stress, 156-157 strengthening of gluteus maximus in, conditions of, open and closed kinetic 542 chain rehabilitation in, compared, walking for patients with, 543 261-262 Lower extremity(ies), clinical application injuries or surgeries of, rehabilitation of closed kinetic chain exercises in, in, 247 185-207 knee extensor and knee flexor strength closed kinetic chain testing techniques maps and, 575-576 of, 165-183 ligament of, subjective outcome studies conditioning exercises, 541—542 of, 166 exercises for, selection and strength maps of, testing protocol for, measurement of, motor learning 568-574 principles and, 145-147 torque produced by, 154 functional performance tests, 178-182 Knee Ligament Standard Evaluation kinetic chain exercises in, Form, 166 biomechanical and physiologic Knee Outcome Surgery, Daily Living factors of, 151-163 Scale of, 166, 175-178 subjective and objective performance tests of, 165-182 subjective questionnaires to assess problems, 165-175 Lateral stepup, 193, 195 Lower extremity functional test, LEFT test, 114-115 114-115 Leg press, bilateral, 254 Lower Extremity Outpatient Outcome compensation on, valgus knee Form, 26-27 alignment on, 198, 199, 200 use of, case study illustrating, 28-29 single leg isolation on, 197 Lumbopelvic-hip complex, 120 unilateral, 254 Lunges, forward, using hand weights or Leg press isotonics, graded, 192 dumbbells, 198, 199 Leg stance, single, on unstable surface, 198, 201 Ligament, anterior cruciate. See Anterior cruciate ligament. Linea computerized isokinetic closed Managed care, physical therapy providers kinetic chain testing, 109-110, 262 and, 69 Literature, medical, review of, how to Market pressures, physical therapy conduct, 451 providers and, 69-70 Load, external, classification system for responding to, 71—74 human movement based on, 210-211 McGill pain questionnaire, 94 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 605 MEDLINE, of National Library of contraction of, concentric, 55 15, Medicine, 452 585 MedWeb, 452 eccentric, 515, 585 Melatonin, 334 walk-along mechanisms for, 516 Minerals, requirements for, in connective damage to, eccentric contractions and, tissue healing, 325 919—521 Mobility, functional, and quality of life, electromyographic activity of, yoga in Feldenkrais method, 381 and, 350 Modified Lysholm Knee Score, 166-167, erector spinae, in stabilization of spine, 169 534 Modified Noyes Knee Questionnaire, 166, force-velocity relationship of, 152 169, 172-173 imbalances of, monitoring of, during Motor control considerations, motor closed kinetic chain rehabilitation, learning and, 140-143 258-260 Motor learning, and motor control leverage and, 153 considerations, 140-143 mechanical factors of, 152 and trunk control, associated with mechanics and mechanical advantage Pilates-based rehabilitation, of, 153 396-401 multifidus, in stabilization of spine, definition of, 140 534 principles of, selection and multisegmental, of spine, 530 measurement of lower extremity oblique abdominal, in stabilization of exercises and, 145-147 spine, 536-538 selection and measurement of upper skeletal, muscle force-velocity curve of, extremity exercises and, size principle and, 554 144-145 Pilates-based rehabilitation and, Movement, and immune system, tai chi 408—409 and, 363-364 strength development of, eccentric human, classification system for, based and concentric training and, on boundary condition and 523 external load, 210, 211 strength of, low back pain and, based on boundary condition and 529-547 load applied, 210-211 strengthening of, role of eccentric kinetic chain terminology in, exercise in, 515-527 210 transversospinalis group of, 121 Movement science, interaction with complementary and alternative Muscle fiber(s), nonoxidative, 553 oxidative, 553 medicine, 447-448 Muscle performance, muscle fiber Movement therapies, 443 Moxibustion, in acupuncture, 431 recruitment and, 551 Multifidus and erector spinae, training of, Musculoskeletal conditions, and orthopaedic conditions, tai chi and, for extension exercises, 5 34-536 Multifidus muscles, in stabilization of 362 spine, 534 functional changes in, 21 Multiple sclerosis, rehabilitation in, impairments assessment in, 20-21 benefits in, 2 in pediatric physical therapy practice, Muscle(s), action of, and adaptations to 17-18 resistance exercise, 487 and changing health care industry, activity of, range of motion and, in 18-20 Feldenkrais method, research evaluation of effects of intervention literature on, 380 on, 20-21 cocontraction of, in closed kinetic Oregon system and, 19-20 chain exercises, 212—213 outcome data and, 20 606 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 Musculoskeletal conditions (Continued) Newtonian physics, 296, 297 outcomes in, 17-36 Nutrients, bioavailability of, 328 and secondary prevention, 22—23 Nutrition, effects of, on connective tissue disability and, 21-22, 24-26 healing, 322 examination of acceptance of, in orthopaedic physical therapy, 30-32 321-339 examination of feasibility of, Nutritional supplements, 321—322 30-31 examination of fragmentation of, 32 examination of sensitivity of, 31 functional limitations and, 21—22, Oblique abdominal muscles, in stabilization of spine, 536-538 24-26 levels of, 20—23 Orthopaedic conditions, and musculoskeletal conditions, tai chi measures of, 24-26 and, 362 new outcome instruments and, Orthopaedic physical therapy, 26-27 patient/client satisfaction with, complementary medicine in, 22, 26 275-460 studies of, 23-24 incorporation of yoga therapeutics into, successful, goals of, 23 341-359 Musculoskeletal health, health care potential pathways for, 352-356 market and, 306 nutritional considerations in, Musculoskeletal impairments, exercise 321-339 Orthopaedic population, prevention and in, benefits of, 2 impact of exercise history on health wellness for, 303-319 status outcomes in, 1-16 Orthopaedic rehabilitation, outpatient, data analyses in, 8-11 improvement of care in, internally design of study of, 2 gathered outcome data for, 69-88 limitations of study of, 12-13 Orthopaedic Sports, Incorporated, care outcomes instruments and, 3-8 management system of, 79-81 procedures for study of, 3 improvement in working with results of, 8-11 referral sources in, 85-86 subjects in study of, 2-3, 4-7 improvement of clinical care in, 85 Musculoskeletal system, tai chi and, payer groups and, 87 staff response to, 87 364-368 commitment of physical therapists in, 81-82 market need influencing, 79 outcome analysis by, results of, National Institutes of Health, 85-87 acupuncture and, 444 training and implementation process Nervous tissue, Pilates-based of, 82 rehabilitation and, 408 use of outcomes by, 82—85 Neural adaptation, and resistance Oswestry Low Back Scale, 91 training, 551-552 Outcome data, internally gathered, to Neuromuscular control exercises, improve care in outpatient 538-540 orthopaedic rehabilitation, 69-88 Neuromuscular efficiency, 119 Outcome study, analysis of variance in, Neuromuscular performance, evaluation two-way mixed effects of, 67 of, using dynamometry, 563-580 example of, 64-68 Neuromuscular training, reactive, 589 external threats to, 62—64 Newton, Sir Isaac, 293 pain study as example of, 64—68