Orthopaedic Examination Techniques: A Practical Guide PDF
Preview Orthopaedic Examination Techniques: A Practical Guide
ORTHOPAEDIC EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES A PracticalGuide THIRD EDITION EDITEDBY Faza] Ali and Wick Harris Forewordby BruceBeider Orthopaedic Examination Techniques ThirdEdition Orthopaedic Examination Techniques A Practical Guide Third Edition Edited by Fazal Ali ChesterfieldRoyalHospital&SheffieldChildren’sHospital Nick Harris SpireHospital,Leeds&LeedsBeckettUniversity https://avxhm.se/blogs/hill0 UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 103PenangRoad,#05–06/07,VisioncrestCommercial,Singapore238467 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108796705 DOI:10.1017/9781108859295 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2022 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2022 Thirdeditionpublished2022 Secondeditionfirstpublished2014 Firsteditionfirstpublished2003 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJBooksLimited,PadstowCornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN978-1-108-79670-5Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. ................................................................................................................................ Everyefforthasbeenmadeinpreparingthisbooktoprovideaccurateandup-to-dateinformationthatisinaccordwithaccepted standardsandpracticeatthetimeofpublication.Althoughcasehistoriesaredrawnfromactualcases,everyefforthasbeenmadeto disguisetheidentitiesoftheindividualsinvolved.Nevertheless,theauthors,editors,andpublisherscanmakenowarrantiesthatthe informationcontainedhereinistotallyfreefromerror,notleastbecauseclinicalstandardsareconstantlychangingthroughresearch andregulation.Theauthors,editors,andpublishersthereforedisclaimallliabilityfordirectorconsequentialdamagesresultingfrom theuseofmaterialcontainedinthisbook.Readersarestronglyadvisedtopaycarefulattentiontoinformationprovidedbythe manufacturerofanydrugsorequipmentthattheyplantouse. To Gill, Reza, Sara, for your everlasting support. And my parents for believinginme. To Becky, Lucy, Rosie, Molly, Jack and our two Ridgebacks Atilla and Odin,aconstantsourceofstrength. https://avxhm.se/blogs/hill0 Contents ListofContributors viii Prefaceto3rdedition xi Forewordto2ndedition xiii Forewordto3rdedition xv Acknowledgements xvii Abouttheauthors xviii 1 GeneralPrinciplesofOrthopaedicClinical 11 ExaminationoftheBrachialPlexus 193 Examination 1 FazalAli,JoeGarcia,ArmughanAzhar OghorObakponovwe,StanleyJonesand andSimonKay FazalAli 12 OrthopaedicExaminationTechniquesin 2 ExaminationoftheShoulder 13 Children 213 ShantanuShahaneandDavidLimb JamesA.Fernandes 3 ExaminationoftheElbow 35 13 ExaminationoftheSpineinChildhood 242 SimonBooker,DavidStanleyandAmjid A.L.RexMichaelandAshleyCole Ali 14 PaediatricClinicalCases 252 4 ExaminationoftheWrist 50 CarolineM.Blakey,ShomariWebster- StephenBostockandMegBirks PrinceandJamesA.Fernandes 5 ExaminationoftheHand 63 15 SpineClinicalCases 268 MichaelGaleandJoeGarcia DaineClarke,JamesA.Fernandesand JonathanA.Clamp 6 ExaminationofthePeripheralNervesinthe HandandUpperLimb 89 16 UpperLimbClinicalCases 284 KateBrown,L.ChrisBainbridgeandJohn SimonRobinson,JohnE.D.Wrightand E.D.Wright VijayBhalaik 7 ExaminationoftheAdultSpine 112 17 LowerLimbClinicalCases 300 AntoniaIsaacson,JamesTomlinsonand FaizShivji,ThomasKurien,Karen NeilChiverton RobinsonandFazalAli 8 ExaminationoftheHip 133 18 OrthopaedicCasesintheDeveloping PaulBanaszkiewiczandIanStockley World 316 CharleneChinSee,Shashikanth 9 ExaminationoftheKnee 153 Vokkaleri,Ravikumar JeevanChandrasenan,DerekBickerstaff ShankarlingegowdaandStanleyJones andFazalAli 10 ExaminationoftheFootandAnkle 172 JimmyNg,YulandaMyintand NickHarris Index 340 https://avxhm.se/blogs/hill0 vii Contributors StephenBostockFRCSOrth AmjidAliFRCSTr&Orth ConsultantOrthopaedicHandSurgeon ConsultantOrthopaedicShoulder&ElbowSurgeon SheffieldTeachingHospitals,Sheffield,UK SheffieldTeachingHospitals,Sheffield,UK KateBrownFRCSTr&Orth FazalAliFRCS(Eng),FRCSTr&Orth ConsultantHandandPNISurgeon ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon ChesterfieldRoyalHospital,Chesterfield,UK PulvertaftHandCentre,RoyalDerbyHospital, Derby,UK ArmughanAzharFRCSTr&Orth JeevanChandrasenanFRCSTr&Orth LocumConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon TheQueenElizabethHospital,King’sLynn, ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon ChesterfieldRoyalHospital,Chesterfield,UK UK CharleneChin-SeeDM(Orthopaedics),MBBS, L.ChrisBainbridgeFRCS B.Med.Sci ConsultantOrthopaedicHandSurgeon SeniorResidentinPaediatricOrthopaedics RoyalDerbyHospital,Derby,UK BustamanteHospitalforChildren,Kingston, PaulA.BanaszkiewiczFRCS(Tr&Orth) Jamaica ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon&Visiting Professor,NorthumbriaUniversity NeilChivertonFRCSTr&Orth QueenElizabethHospitalandNorthEast ConsultantOrthopaedicSpinalSurgeon NHSSurgicalCentre(NENSC),Gateshead, SheffieldTeachingHospitals,Sheffield,UK UK JonathanA.ClampFRCSTr&Orth VijayBhalaikFRCSTr&Orth ConsultantSpinalSurgeon ConsultantHand&UpperLimbSurgeon UniversityHospitalsofDerbyandBurtonNHS WirralUniversityTeachingHospitalNHS FoundationTrust,Derby,UK FoundationTrust,Merseyside,UK DaineO.ClarkeDM(Orthopaedics),MBBS, DerekBickerstaffMD,FRCS B.Med.Sci ConsultantKneeSurgeon ConsultantOrthopaedicandSpinalSurgeon OneHealthGroup, UniversityHospitaloftheWestIndies,Kingston, Sheffield,UK Jamaica MegBirksFRCSTr&Orth,DipHandSurg AshleyColeFRCSTr&Orth ConsultantOrthopaedicHandSurgeon ConsultantOrthopaedicSpineSurgeon SheffieldTeachingHospitals,Sheffield,UK SheffieldChildren’sHospital,Sheffield,UK CarolineM.BlakeyFRCSTr&Orth JamesA.FernandesFRCSTr&Orth ConsultantPaediatricOrthopaedicSurgeon ConsultantPaediatricOrthopaedicSurgeon SheffieldChildren’sHospital,Sheffield,UK SheffieldChildren’sHospital,Sheffield,UK SimonBookerFRCSTr&Orth MichaelGaleFRCSTr&Orth ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon ConsultantOrthopaedicHandSurgeon viii SheffieldTeachingHospitals,Sheffield,UK SherwoodForestHospitals,Nottinghamshire,UK ListofContributors JoeGarciaFRCSTr&Orth KarenRobinsonFRCSTr&Orth ConsultantOrthopaedicHandSurgeon ConsultantOrthopaedicandTraumaSurgeon ChesterfieldRoyalHospital,Chesterfield,UK SheffieldTeachingHospitals,Sheffield,UK NickHarrisFRCSTr&Orth SimonJ.RobinsonFRCSTr&Orth ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon, ConsultantUpperLimbSurgeon Professor,LeedsBeckettUniversity WirralUniversityTeachingHospitalNHS SpireHospital,Leeds,UK FoundationTrust,Merseyside,UK AntoniaIsaacsonPhD,FRCSTr&Orth ShantanuShahaneFRCSTr&Orth ConsultantOrthopaedicSpinalSurgeon ConsultantOrthopaedicShoulder&ElbowSurgeon JamesCookUniversityHospital,Middlesbrough,UK ChesterfieldRoyalHospital,Chesterfield,UK StanJonesFRCSTr&Orth RavikumarHolaluShankarlingegowdaMBBS,MS ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon Orth AlAhliHospital,Doha,Qatar AssistantProfessorOrthopaedics MandyaInstituteofMedicalSciences,Mandya,India SimonKayFRCS(Plas) ProfessorofPlasticSurgery FaizShivjiFRCSTr&Orth LeedsTeachingHospitals,NHSFoundationTrust, KneeFellow Leeds,UK UniversityHospitalsCoventryandWarwickshire NHSTrust,Coventry,UK TomKurienPhD,MSc,FRCSTr&Orth KneeReconstructionFellow DavidStanleyFRCS RoyalDevonandExeterHospital,Exeter,UK ConsultantShoulderandElbowSurgeon ParkheadConsultancy,Sheffield,UK DavidLimbFRCSEd(Orth) ConsultantOrthopaedicShoulder&Elbow IanStockleyMD,FRCS Surgeon EmeritusConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon, LeedsTeachingHospitals,NHSFoundationTrust, HonoraryProfessorSheffieldHallamUniversity Leeds,UK SheffieldTeachingHospitals,Sheffield,UK A.L.RexMichaelFRCSTr&Orth JamesTomlinsonFRCSTr&Orth ConsultantOrthopaedicSpineSurgeon ConsultantOrthopaedicSpinalSurgeon SheffieldTeachingHospitals,Sheffield,UK SheffieldTeachingHospitals,Sheffield,UK YulandaMyintFRCSTr&Orth ShashikanthVokkaleriMBBS,MSOrth ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon NottinghamUniversityHospitalsNHSTrust, TrustinHospital,BangaloreIndia Nottingham,UK ShomariWebster-PrinceDM(Orthopaedics), JimmyNgFRCSTr&Orth MBBS,B.Med.Sci SpecialistRegistrar PaediatricOrthopaedicFellow RoyalDerbyHospital,Derby,UK SheffieldChildren’sHospital,Sheffield,UK OghorObakponovweFRCSTr&Orth JohnE.D.WrightFRCSTr&Orth ConsultantOrthopaedicSurgeon ConsultantUpperLimbSurgeon StRichardsHospital,Chichester,UK ChesterfieldRoyalHospital,Chesterfield,UK https://avxhm.se/blogs/hill0 ix Preface to 3rd edition Since the second edition was published, we have apartfromtherestofmyfamilywhereIcoulddedi- received numerous positive comments and reviews on cate the hundreds and hundreds of hours needed to how this book has helped the reader. There have also completelyrevisethisbook.Conversely,socialdistan- been suggestions for improvement, all of which have cingmadeitdifficulttoobtainthephotographsdem- beentakenonboard.Thishasresultedinsomedistinct onstrating the clinical examination techniques. changestothecontentandlayoutofthisthirdedition. Fortunately,mostoftheseweretaken3weeksbefore Despitethat,itisessentialthatthisbookwillcontinueto the first lockdown in the UK. For the remaining teach the reader clinical examination in a systematic photos I had to use members within my own family manner,whichwasthestrengthofthepreviousedition. andwork‘bubbles’. Thesummaryhasbeenbroughttothebeginning IthasbeenagreathonourformetohaveProfessor ofthechaptertohelpthemorejuniorreaderunder- Bruce Reider writing the foreword for this edition. I stand the subject. For other readers an “Advanced usedBruce’sownbookwhenIwastraininganditwas Corner” has been added at the end of the chapter. by reading his book that I was inspired to learn and Also,whereverrelevant,theanatomicalbasisofeach perfect the art of clinical examination. It has been a testhasbeendescribedwithinthechapter. privilegetohavesincemetBruceandtobeinvolvedin Virtually all the pictures demonstrating clinical variousprojectswithhim. examination techniques have been changed, with an Orthopaedic Examination Techniques 3 Ed has emphasisondiversity.Morethan50newillustrations been a labour of love, but it is the hope of myself, have been included and 5 chapters have been added and Nick Harris, that readers continue to find this which comprise more than 80 clinical case examples book user-friendly and informative and that it helps showing how clinical examination will help in the themthroughouttheircareerinorthopaedics. assessment and management of various conditions. We have both said this may be the last edition Thisincludesachapteronorthopaedicconditionsin before we ‘hang up our boots’. But let us see what thedevelopingworldwhichwehopewillbeusefulfor the future brings. In the meanwhile, the hunt is ourinternationalreadership. on for us to pass over the baton to the next The Covid-19 pandemic has had both a positive generation! andnegativeeffectonthisbook.Foranentireyearit providedmewithperiodsof‘self-isolation’andliving FazalAli https://avxhm.se/blogs/hill0 xi Foreword to 2nd edition I am pleased to be asked to write the foreword for to which examination textbooks are compared. It is the second edition of Examination Techniques in my pleasure to write this foreword. I think you will Orthopaedics, coedited by Mr Nick Harris and Mr enjoy this textbook and it should stay on your shelf FazalAli.Thefirsteditionofthistextbookwasoneof untilthethirdeditionisavailable.Igiveitmystrong- the bestselling orthopaedic books in the United est endorsement and look forward to studying it Kingdom for almost a decade. This second edition myself. islikelytoatleastequalthatsuccess.Soofteninthe world of orthopaedic surgery we jump to advanced MarkD.Miller,MD imaging and forget about the importance of the examination.Thisisclearlyamistakeandhascaused S.WardCassellsProfessorofOrthopaedicSurgery manyerrorsinclinicaljudgement.Therefore,careful DivisionHead,SportsMedicine review of orthopaedic examination as presented in thistextbookiscriticalforallorthopaedicsurgeons, TeamPhysician,JamesMadisonUniversity youngandoldalike.Thisbookprovides acomplete JBJSDeputyEditorforSportsMedicine repository of all examinations, beginning with gen- eral principle and proceeding literally from head to Director,MillerReviewCourse toe, to include paediatric examination. This is truly anexcellentbookandlikelywillbethegoldstandard Charlottesville,VA,USA https://avxhm.se/blogs/hill0 xiii
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