Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing: An Evidence-based Approach to Musculoskeletal Care

414 Pages·2023·25.207 MB·English

by  Sonya Clarke, Mary Drozd

Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing

Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing
An Evidence- based Approach
to Musculoskeletal Care
Second Edition
Edited by
Sonya Clarke and Mary Drozd
This second edition first published 2023
© 2023 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Edition History
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (1e, 2014)
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Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Clarke, Sonya, editor. | Drozd, Mary, editor.
Title: Orthopaedic and trauma nursing: an evidence-based approach to
musculoskeletal care / edited by Sonya Clarke and Mary Drozd.
Other titles: Orthopaedic and trauma nursing (Clarke)
Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2023. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022029474 (print) | LCCN 2022029475 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119833383 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119833390 (adobe pdf) | ISBN
9781119833406 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Orthopedic Nursing–methods | Trauma Nursing–methods |
Musculoskeletal System–injuries | Wounds and Injuries–nursing |
Evidence-Based Nursing
Classification: LCC RD753 (print) | LCC RD753 (ebook) | NLM WY 157.6 |
DDC 616.7/0231–dc23/eng/20220819
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022029474
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022029475
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © SCIEPRO/Getty Images
Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by Straive, Pondicherry, India
v
Contents
List of Contributors vii
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Part I Key Issues in Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Trauma Nursing 1
1 An Introduction to Orthopaedic and Trauma Care 3
Julie Santy- Tomlinson, Sonya Clarke, and Mary Drozd
2 Evidence and Refining Practice 14
Paul McLiesh
3 Professional Development, Competence and Education 24
Mary Drozd and Sinead Hahessy
4 The Musculoskeletal System and Human Movement 33
Lynne Newton- Triggs and Jean Rogers
5 The Team Approach and Nursing Roles in Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Trauma Care 53
Sandra Flynn
6 Rehabilitation and the Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Trauma Patient 62
Rebecca Jester
Part II Specialist and Advanced Practice 73
7 Clinical Assessment of the Orthopaedic and Trauma Patient 75
Rebecca Jester
8 Key Musculoskeletal Interventions 86
Lynne Newton- Triggs, Jean Rogers, and Anna Timms
9 The Complications of Musculoskeletal Conditions and Trauma: Preventing Harm 101
Julie Santy- Tomlinson, Sonya Clarke, and Peter Davis
10 Nutrition and Hydration 117
Rosemary Masterson
11 Pain Assessment and Management in Orthopaedic and Trauma Care 129
Carolyn Mackintosh- Franklin
vi Contents
12 Wound Management, Tissue Viability and Infection 140
Jeannie Donnelly and Alison Collins
Part III Common Orthopaedic Conditions and their Care and Management 157
13 Key Conditions and Principles of Orthopaedic Management 159
Elaine Wylie and Sonya Clarke
14 Elective Orthopaedic Surgery 180
Rebecca Jester, Sandra Flynn, and Mary Drozd
15 Musculoskeletal Oncology over the Lifespan 201
Helen Stradling
Part IV Musculoskeletal Trauma Care 215
16 Principles of Trauma Care 217
Fiona Heaney, Yvonne Conway, and Stefanie Cormack
17 Principles of Fracture Management 240
Julie Craig, Sonya Clarke, and Pamela Moore
18 Fragility Fractures 256
Julie Santy- Tomlinson and Karen Hertz
19 Fragility Hip Fracture 268
Karen Hertz and Julie Santy- Tomlinson
20 Spinal Cord Injury 288
Sian Rodger
21 Soft Tissue, Peripheral Nerve and Brachial Plexus Injury 304
Julie Craig, Beverley Gray Linnecor, and Martyn Neil
Part V Children and Young People 317
22 Key Issues in Caring for the Child or Young Person with an Orthopaedic or Musculoskeletal Trauma Condition 319
Sonya Clarke
23 Common Childhood Orthopaedic Conditions, Their Care and Management 331
Julia Judd
24 Fracture Management in the Infant, Child and Young Person 349
Elizabeth Wright
25 Key Fractures Relating to the Infant, Child and Young Person 362
Thelma Begley and Sonya Clarke
Index 376
vii
List of Contributors
Thelma Begley, MSc (Nursing), Bachelor Nursing Studies Nursing across the Lifespan. Sonya’s teaching, research
(Hons), Higher Diploma in Nursing Studies (Children’s Nursing) and scholarly activity reflects both children’s nursing (child
and (Nurse Education), Orthopaedic Nursing Certificate, RGN, rights) and her specialist subject area of orthopaedics.
RCN, RNT Sonya was presented with the Royal College of Nursing
Assistant Professor in Children’s Nursing, School of Nursing (RCN) Award of Merit in 2020, the highest honour for ser-
and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland vice in recognition of the exceptional contribution she has
Thelma, a nurse for over 30 years, holds qualifications in made to the RCN. She also has an extensive publication
adult, child and orthopaedic nursing as well as in nurse history and continues to actively lead, inspire and deliver
education. Her clinical experience includes children, evidenced- based education that motivates and advances
young people’s medical and surgical nursing, and adult nursing.
and children’s orthopaedic nursing, in particular orthopae-
Alison Collins, BSc (Hons), RGN, District Nursing Qualification
dic trauma. She has significant teaching experience in
Certificate in Orthopaedic Nursing, Post Grad Dip in Wound
undergraduate and postgraduate nursing programmes,
Healing and Tissue Repair, MSc
with specialist expertise teaching children’s and orthopae-
Tissue Viability Nurse, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust,
dic nursing. She is module leader on undergraduate, post-
Belfast, UK
graduate and MSc children’s nursing programmes.
Alison is an experienced nurse of more than 25 years.
Dr Sonya Clarke (Editor), EdD, MSc, PGCE (Higher Education),
She currently holds a specialist nursing post within the
PG Cert (Pain Management), BSc (Hons) Specialist Practitioner
largest health and social care trust within Northern Ireland.
in Orthopaedic Nursing, RN child, RGN
Senior Lecturer (Education), School of Nursing & Midwifery, Yvonne Conway, MSc Primary Care, BSc (Hons) Nursing, logy,
Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK Adv Dip Ed, RGN, RNT
Sonya, a nurse for over 30 years, has experience in Department of Nursing, Health Sciences and Integrated Care,
children’s and adult nursing in her nursing career, which Atlantic Technological University (Mayo), Castlebar, Ireland
commenced in 1988. She qualified as an RGN in 1991, fol- Yvonne has extensive experience of teaching and cur-
lowed by a diploma in Children’s Nursing in 1996. Clinical riculum development in both undergraduate and post-
practice was primarily within Northern Ireland’s regional graduate general nursing. Her clinical expertise lies
elective orthopaedic unit for the adult and child until 2001, principally in emergency nursing, having worked in both
with additional nursing experience (bank position) gained UK emergency departments and USA trauma centres
as a Marie Currie nurse until 2009. Prior to her teaching before her move into nurse education. She has directed
position in 2003, she was employed as a Lecturer Master’s programmes in emergency nursing and acute
Practitioner at Queen’s University Belfast and Musgrave medicine, and was a Trauma Nursing Core Course
Park Hospital, Belfast. Current positions within higher instructor. She has presented at conferences nationally
education include Professional Lead for a new MSc pre- and internationally, and been involved in funded research
registration in Children’s and Young People’s Nursing and projects covering various topics. Recent publications
established pathway leader within continuing professional include a rapid systematic review and qualitative evi-
for a short course in Orthopaedic and Fracture Trauma dence synthesis.
viii List of Contributors
Dr Stefanie Cormack, PhD, MSc, PGCAPHE, FHEA Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing, and he has spent several
Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, years as a committee member. He was founding editor of
University of Wolverhampton, UK the Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing and is now Emeritus
Stef is a Senior Lecturer and research lead for paramedic Editor of the new International Journal of Orthopaedic &
science for the Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing Trauma Nursing. He has presented numerous papers at
at the University of Wolverhampton. She qualified as a national and international conferences. A personal philoso-
paramedic and worked as an operational helicopter emer- phy of practice being primary to theory has kept him close
gency medical service (HEMS) critical care paramedic, to nursing care throughout his career and ensures an
gaining her Master’s degree before moving into paramedic emphasis on research utilisation and evidence-b ased prac-
education. She has research interests in out- of- hospital car- tice. In 2000, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II conferred on
diac arrest management, human factors and prehospital him the honour of Member of the Order of the British
trauma/HEMS. Her PhD was a mixed methods approach to Empire (MBE) for services to orthopaedic nursing.
designing and evaluating a behavioural marker system for
Dr Jeannie Donnelly, PhD, Dip. Wound Healing & Tissue
paramedic non- technical skills when managing an out- of-
Repair, BSc (Hon’s) Health Studies incorporating the RCN
hospital cardiac arrest.
Nurse Practitioner Professional Award, RN, ONC
Mrs Julie Craig, MB BCh BAO (Hons.), MSc (Clin. Ed), MRCS Lead Nurse Tissue Viability, Belfast Health & Social Care
MSc (Ortho. Eng.) Trust, Honorary Senior Lecturer, School of Nursing, Queens
Orthopaedic Specialty Doctor, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast University Belfast, Belfast, UK
Health & Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK Jeannie qualified as a Registered Nurse in Belfast in 1988
Julie Craig is an orthopaedic specialty doctor in the Royal and spent the first 8 years of her career working in the
Victoria Hospital, Northern Ireland’s regional trauma cen- Fracture Trauma Unit of the Royal Victoria Hospital.
tre, in the Belfast Health & Social Care Trust (BHSCT). During her time in this specialty, she became passionately
Julie graduated as a doctor from Queen’s University Belfast interested in wound healing and tissue repair. In 1996,
(QUB) and is a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Jeannie became the first Tissue Viability Nurse on the
Edinburgh. She has completed a Master’s degree in clinical island of Ireland, and in 2010, the Lead Nurse for Tissue
education at QUB and a Master’s degree in orthopaedic Viability within the Belfast Health & Social Care Trust.
engineering at Cardiff University. She is the former under-
Dr Mary Drozd, Senior Teaching Fellow, Aston Medical School,
graduate medical educational lead for fractures in BHSCT,
Aston University, England, UK
and currently teaches quality improvement and leadership
Registered Nurse, Doctorate in Health and Wellbeing, MSc
skills to doctors in BHSCT and teaches postgraduate nurses
Health Sciences, BA (Hons), PGCE (Higher Education), ENB
specialising in trauma and orthopaedics. She has a special
219, Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy
interest in clinical data analysis, is the specialty improve-
Mary is a Registered Nurse with over 30 years’ experi-
ment lead for the BHSCT trauma database, and is a mem-
ence in orthopaedic and trauma nursing. She has worked
ber of the Royal College of Physician’s Falls and Fragility
as a staff nurse, sister, ward manager and advanced nurse
Fracture Audit Programme (FFFAP) board and the
practitioner in a variety of orthopaedic and trauma settings
National Hip Fracture Database Advisory Group. She has
prior to joining a Higher Educational Institute in 2004. She
presented her work on the Royal Victoria Hospital’s frac-
has maintained strong clinical links alongside contributing
ture and major trauma patients internationally and has
to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
been the recipient of the prizes for best presentations from
(NICE) guidance as a clinical specialist.
the British Trauma Society, the Irish Hip Fracture Database
As an elected national steering committee member for
Annual Meeting and the British Orthopaedic Association
the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) Society of Orthopaedic
(Bone and Joint Journal Prize).
and Trauma Nurses (SOTN) from 2009- 2013 and re- elected
Peter Davis MBE, Cert.Ed, BEd (Hons), RGN, DN, ONC, MA in 2013- 2017, Mary led the revision and further develop-
Associate Professor (retired), Emeritus Editor International ment of the RCN SOTN national competences for ortho-
Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing paedic and trauma practitioners in 2012 and more recently
During the late 1980s, Peter held posts in pre- and post- was on the working group which published the current
basic nursing education with a specific remit for orthopae- national competences in 2019.
dic nurse education. In 1989, he gained a Master’s degree in Mary successfully completed a Professional Doctorate in
nursing and education. In 1994, his first book, as editor and Health and Wellbeing in 2019. Her research focused on
contributor, was published, Nursing the Orthopaedic Patient. adults with intellectual disabilities and their experiences of
From 1992 to 1994, he was chair of the RCN Society of orthopaedic and trauma hospital care. The findings from