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Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques PDF

928 Pages·2016·2.09 MB·English
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Any screen. Any time. Anywhere. Activate the eBook version of this title at no additional chargee.. Expert Consult eBooks give you the power to browse and find content, view enhanced images, share notes and highlights—both online and offline. Unlock your eBook today. 1 V isit expertconsult.inkling.com/redeem Scan this QR code to redeem your eBook through your mobile device: 2 Scratch off your code 3 Type code into “Enter Code” box 4 Click “Redeem” 5 Log in or Sign up 6 Go to “My Library” Place Peel Off It’s that easy! Sticker Here For technical assistance: email [email protected] call 1-800-401-9962 (inside the US) call +1-314-447-8200 (outside the US) Use of the current edition of the electronic version of this book (eBook) is subject to the terms of the nontransferable, limited license granted on expertconsult.inkling.com. Access to the eBook is limited to the first individual who redeems the PIN, located on the inside cover of this book, at expertconsult.inkling.com and may not be transferred to another party by resale, lending, or other means. ORTHODONTICS CURRENT PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES SIXTH EDITION Lee W. Graber, DDS, MS, MS, PhD Robert L. Vanarsdall, Jr., DDS Katherine W.L. Vig, BDS, MS, D Orth, FDS RCS Greg J. Huang, DMD, MSD, MPH ORTHODONTICS CURRENT PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES SIXTH EDITION Lee W. Graber, Robert L. Vanarsdall Jr., DDS, MS, MS, PhD DDS Secretary General, World Federation of Orthodontists Professor and Chair Emeritus Past President, American Association of Orthodontists Department of Orthodontics Past President, World Federation of Orthodontists School of Dental Medicine Private Practice, Glenview and Vernon Hills, IL University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA Katherine W.L. Vig, BDS, MS, D Orth, FDS RCS Greg J. Huang, Othodontic Faculty, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, DMD, MSD, MPH Boston, MA Professor and Chair Professor Emeritus and Former Chair of Orthodontics Department of Orthodontics The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, OH School of Dentistry Past President, American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association University of Washington Seattle, WA 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 ORTHODONTICS: CURRENT PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES, SIXTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-37832-1 Copyright © 2017 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan- ical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permis- sions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liabil- ity for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted 2012, 2005, 2000, 1994, 1985 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Graber, Lee W., editor. | Vanarsdall, Robert L., editor. | Vig, Katherine W. L., editor. | Huang, Greg J., editor. Title: Orthodontics : current principles and techniques / [edited by] Lee W. Graber , D.D.S., M.S., M.S., Ph.D., President, American Association of Orthodontists, Past President, World Federation of Orthodontists, Private Practice, Vernon Hills, IL, Robert L. Vanarsdall Jr, DDS, Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Katherine W.L. Vig, BDS, MS, D Orth, FDS RCS, Professor Emeritus and Former Chair of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, Past President, American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association, Greg J. Huang, DMD, MSD, MPH, Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington. University of Washington. Description: Sixth edition. | St. Louis, Missouri : Elsevier, [2017] | Revison of: Orthodontics / Thomas M. Graber, Brainerd F. Swain. 1985. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016027994 (print) | LCCN 2016028815 (ebook) | ISBN 9780323378321 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780323444323 (Online) Subjects: LCSH: Orthodontics. Classification: LCC RK521 .G673 2017 (print) | LCC RK521 (ebook) | DDC 617.6/43–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016027994 Content Strategist: Kathy Falk Associate Content Development Specialist: Laura Klein Content Development Manager: Jolynn Gower Publishing Services Manager: Hema Rajendrababu Project Manager: Srividhya Vidhyashankar Design Direction: Ashley Miner Printed in United States of America Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 DEDICATION: TO ORTHODONTIC EDUCATORS AND RESIDENTS Every text that is conceived, written and published starts with person has no right to be other than a continuous student.” a purpose. Although this is the sixth edition of Orthodon- The focus of the authors and editors who participated in the tics: Current Principles and Techniques, the concept of this 1969 orthodontic text—and those who now do so in what is the multi-authored graduate level textbook started in the late eight iteration1 has remained the same. We want to support 1960’s with work that culminated in the 1969 publication of orthodontic educators, the residents they teach and the “con- Current Orthodontic Concepts and Techniques. Why do a grad- tinuous students” orthodontic specialists must become. uate level textbook? The answer was very simple: The principal With these thoughts as a background, it is to the educators editor and author Tom Graber, when interviewed later in life and the orthodontic residents of the past, present and future we said it best—“There was a need.” “The need” was defined by a wish to dedicate the sixth edition. They embody the purpose of widely held perception that there was a lack of supportive ma- this text, because it is from their efforts our supportive science terials for clinicians teaching in orthodontic specialty education and clinical practice has grown and on their shoulders that rides programs. Indeed, many of those who served as instructors and the future development of our dental specialty. lecturers were private practice clinicians with little or no back- ground in professional education. 1This is the sixth edition of the current series, with the title of the textbook and publisher changed in 1985. The first edition of the cur- The authors sought to provide a vehicle for educators to meld rent series was the third for the text and included a change in title and the then existing scientific basis of orthodontics with clinical publisher. practices in a manner that could be universally used. Course Pictures shown are from top row left: Edward H. Angle and the Class outlines that followed the textbook chapters as well as support- of 1900 of the Angle School of Orthodontia, from American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 148:2, cover, 2015; ive slides were made available to help good clinicians become Charles H. Tweed (glasses and bow tie) demonstrating patient at better teachers. A secondary but no less important goal for 1940’s meeting (courtesy Rolf G. Behrents); Lysle E. Johnston lecturing the textbook was to provide an organized platform by which to residents on cephalometrics (courtesy Rolf G. Behrents); Robert L. practicing orthodontists could be updated on current concepts Vanarsdall lecturing to residents on three dimensional imaging, 2016. within the specialty. Tom Graber championed the need for con- Bottom picture is of resident attendees and faculty at the Graduate tinuing professional education and often cited G.V. Black, the Orthodontic Residents Program outside the American Association of father of modern dentistry, who had stated, “The professional Orthodontists building, St. Louis, 2015 (courtesy Rolf G. Behrents). v L I S T O F C O N T R I B U TO R S Adrian Becker, BDS, LDS, DDO Stella Chaushu, DMD, PhD Hakan El, DDS, PhD Clinical Associate Professor Emeritus Professor and Chair Associate Professor Orthodontics Orthodontics Orthodontics Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Hacettepe University Dental Medicine Dental Medicine Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey Jerusalem, Israel Jerusalem, Israel Theodore Eliades, DDS, MS, Dr Med Sci, Erika Benavides, DDS, PhD Peter D. Chemello, DDS PhD, FIMMM, FRSC, FInstP Clinical Associate Professor Private practice, Northwest Oral and Professor and Director Periodontics and Oral Medicine Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan Arlington Heights, Illinois Center of Dental Medicine Ann Arbor, Michigan University of Zurich Clark D. Colville, DDS, MS Zurich, Switzerland Philip Edward Benson, PhD FDS (Orth) Assistant Clinical Professor Professor of Orthodontics Orthodontics Norah Lisa Flannigan, BDS, MDETSCI, Academic Unit of Oral Health and University of Texas School of PhD, MFDSRCPS MORTHRCS, FDS Development, School of Clinical Dentistry Dentistry (ORTH), RCS University of Sheffield Houston, Texas Senior Lecturer Sheffield, United Kingdom Clinical Advisory Board Orthodontics Invisalign The University of Liverpool Ignacio Blasi, Jr., DDS, MS Santa Clara, California Liverpool, England Diplomate, American Board of Orthodontics Honorary Consultant Private practice Hali Dale, HON.B.Sc, DDS Orthodontics Tysons Corner, Virginia Diplomate, American Board of Orthodontics Liverpool University Dental Hospital Private Practice Liverpool, England Charles J. Burstone, DMD, MS, PhD† Toronto, Ontario Professor, Emeritus Thomas M. Graber†, DMD, MSD, PhD, Orthodontics Jack G. Dale†, BA, DDS OdontDr, DSc, ScD, MD, FDSRCS (Eng) University of Connecticut Health Center Postdoctoral Fellowship in Director, Kenilworth Dental Research Farmington, Connecticut Orthodontics Foundation Harvard University Clinical Professor, Orthodontics, University Peter H. Buschang, PhD Cambridge, Massachusetts of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois Regents Professor & Director of Orthodontic Associate Professor Former Professor and Chair, Section Research Faculty of Toronto of Orthodontics, Pritzker School of Orthodontics Toronto, Canada Medicine, University of Chicago, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Chairman Chicago, Illinois Dentistry Charles H. Tweed Foundation Former Editor-in-Chief, World Journal of Dallas, Texas Tucson, Arizona Orthodontics Private Practice Editor-in-Chief Emeritus, American Tamer Büyükyilmaz, DDS, MSD, PhD Toronto, Canada Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Private practice Orthopedics Adana, Turkey Dwight Damon, DDS, MSD Private practice Dan Grauer, DDS, PhD David S. Carlson, PhD Spokane, Washington Assistant Professor Regents Professor Orthodontics Biomedical Sciences M. Ali Darendeliler, BDS, PhD, Dip Orth, University of Southern California Texas A&M University Baylor College of Certif Orth, Priv. Doc, MRACDS (Ortho), Los Angeles, California Dentistry FICD Private Practice Dallas, Texas Professor and Chair Santa Monica, California Lucia Cevidanes, DDS, MS, PhD Orthodontics Assistant Professor University of Sydney Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Sydney, NSW, AUS University of Michigan Head of Department Ann Arbor, Michigan Orthodontics Oral Health Services and Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney LHD Sydney, Australia † Deceased. vi List of Contributors vii Nigel W.T. Harradine, BDS, MB BS, Jung Kook Kim, DDS, MS, PhD James A. McNamara, Jr., DDS, MS, Phd LMCC, FDS RCS (London), FDS RCS Adjunct Associate Professor Thomas M and Doris Graber Professor (Edin), MSc (Orth) Department of Orthodontics Emeritus Senior Clinical Lecturer School of Dental Medicine University of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School Child Dental Health Pennsylvania of Dentistry University of Bristol Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The University of Michigan Bristol, United Kingdom Clinical Professor Ann Arbor, Michigan Consultant Orthodontist Department of Orthodontics Professor Emeritus Child Dental Health College of Dentistry Yonsei University Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Bristol Dental Hospital Seoul, South Korea Medicine Bristol, United Kingdom The University of Michigan Herbert A. Klontz, DDS, BA, MS Ann Arbor, Michigan James Kennedy Hartsfield, Jr., DMD, MS, Clinical Associate Professor Research Professor Emeritus MMSc, PhD Orthodontics Center for Human Growth and Development Professor and E. Preston Hicks Endowed College of Dentistry University of Michigan Chair in Orthodontics and Oral Health University of Oklahoma Ann Arbor, Michigan Research Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Oral Health Science Ann M. Mercado, DMD, MS, PhD University of Kentucky College of Dentistry Jong Suk Lee, DDS, MS, PhD Clinical Assistant Professor Lexington, Kentucky Adjunct Assistant Professor Orthodontics Adjunct Professor of Orthodontics and Oral Orthodontics Ohio State University Facial Genetics School of Dental Medicine Columbus, Ohio Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics University of Pennsylvania Member of Medical Staff Indiana University School of Dentistry Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Dentistry Indianapolis, Indiana Clinical Professor Nationwide Children’s Hospital Adjunct Professor of Medical and Molecular Orthodontics Columbus, Ohio Genetics College of Dentistry Yonsei University Medical and Molecular Genetics Seoul, South Korea Lorri Ann Morford, PhD Indiana University School of Medicine Research Assistant Professor; Supervisor, Indianapolis, Indiana Robert M. Little, DDS, MSD, PhD Genetics/Genomics Core of the University Adjunct Clinical Professor of Orthodontics Professor Emeritus of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis Orthodontics Orthodontics of Oral/Systemic Diseases University of Illinois University of Washington Oral Health Science Chicago, Illinois Seattle, Washington University of Kentucky College of Dentistry Nan E. Hatch, DMD, PhD John B. Ludlow, DDS, MS, FDS RCSEd Lexington, Kentucky Associate Professor of Dentistry Adjunct Professor Lysle E Johnston, Jr. Collegiate Professor of Diagnostic Sciences David Musich, DDS, MS Orthodontics University of North Carolina Clinical Professor Chair, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Chapel Hill, North Carolina Orthodontics University of Michigan University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Ann Arbor, Michigan Laurie McNamara McClatchey, DDS, MS Medicine Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Sarandeep S. Huja, DDS, PhD Dentistry Professor and Division Chief, Orthodontics Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Tung Nguyen, DMD, MS and Director of Graduate Studies, Dentistry School of Dentistry Associate Professor College of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics University of Michigan Orthodontics University of Kentucky Ann Arbor, Michigan University of North Carolina Lexington, Kentucky Chapel Hill, North Carolina Donald R. Joondeph, BS, DDS, MS Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD Professor Emeritus and Former Chair Professor and Chief, Division of Orofacial Orthodontics Pain University of Washington Oral Health Science Seattle, Washington University of Kentucky College of Dentistry Lexington, Kentucky viii List of Contributors Juan Martin Palomo, DDS, MSD W. Eugene Roberts, DDS, PhD, DHC Iosif B. Sifakakis, DDS, MS, Dr Dent Professor, Director of Orthodontic (Med) Lecturer Residency, Director of Craniofacial Professor Emeritus of Orthodontics, Orthodontics Imaging Center and Adjunct Professor of Mechanical School of Dentistry, National and Orthodontics Engineering Kapodistrian University of Athens Case Western Reserve University Orthodontics and Mechanical Engineering Athens, Greece Cleveland, Ohio Indiana University and Purdue University at Indianapolis Raffaele Spena Leena Bahl Palomo, DDS, MSD Indianapolis, Indiana Adjunct Associate Professor Associate Professor, Director of DMD Visiting Professor of Orthodontics Orthodontics Periodontics Orthodontics Università di Ferrara Periodontics Loma Linda University, School of Dentistry Ferrara, Italy Case Western Reserve University Loma Linda, California Cleveland, Ohio Kingman P. Strohl, MD Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas, DDS, Professor of Medicine, Physiology & David E. Paquette, DDS MS MSD PhD Biophysics, and Oncology Faculty, Clinical Orthodontics Associate Professor Case Western Reserve University School of St. Louis University Orthodontics Medicine St. Louis, Missouri Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Cleveland, Ohio Clinical Advisory Board Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Sleep Center Director Invisalign Visiting Researcher University Hospitals Case Medical Center Santa Clara, California Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Cleveland, Ohio University of Michigan Director Sleep Disorders Program Young - Chel Park, DDS, PhD Ann Arbor, Michigan Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center Professor Emeritus Cleveland, Ohio Department of Orthodontics Rohit ChamanLal Sachdeva, BDS, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University M Dent Sc Zongyang Sun, DDS, MS, PhD Seoul, Korea Co-Founder and Former Chief Clinical Associate Professor Director, Private Clinic Officer Orthodontics Orthodontics Orametrix, Inc. The Ohio State University College of Dentistry Yonsei Beautiful Friend Orthodontic Richardson, Texas Columbus, Ohio Center Seoul, Korea Glenn T. Sameshima, DDS PhD Birgit Thilander, Odont Dr (PhD), Med Associate Professor and Chair Dr (hc), Dr Odont (hc) Dubravko Pavlin, DMD, MSD, PhD Orthodontics Professor Emeritus Professor and Program Director Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry Orthodontics Orthodontics University of Southern California Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Texas Health Science Center Los Angeles, California University of Gothenburg San Antonio San Antonio, Texas David M. Sarver, DMD, MS Patrick K. Turley, DDS, MSD Med Adjunct Professor Professor Emeritus and former Chair William R. Proffit, DDS, PhD Orthodontics Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Professor Emeritus and formerly Kenan University of North Carolina School of Dentistry Distinguished Professor Chapel Hill, North Carolina University of California at Los Angeles Department of Orthodontics Adjunct Clinical Professor Los Angeles, California University of North Carolina Orthodontics Private practice Manhattan Beach, CA School of Dentistry UAB School of Dentistry Chapel Hill, North Carolina Birmingham, Alabama Patricia Turley, DDS Private practice, pediatric dentistry Jorge A. Ayala Puente, DDS Antonino G. Secchi, DMD, MS Manhatten Beach, California FACE Diplomate, American Board of Orthodontics Cirujano Dentista Former Clinical Assistant Professor of David L. Turpin, DDS, MSD Specialist in Orthodontics Orthodontics Moore/Riedel Professor Santiago, Chile University of Pennsylvania Orthodontics Private Practice School of Dentistry Devon, Pennsylvania University of Washington Seattle, Washington

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Comprehensive, cutting-edge content prepares you for today’s orthodontics! Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques, 6th Edition provides evidence-based coverage of orthodontic diagnosis, planning strategies, and treatment protocols, including esthetics, genetics, temporary anchorage device
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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.