Origins Of The French Revolution

245 Pages·2001·9.544 MB·English

by  William Doyle

...
ORIGINS
OF THE
FRENCH
REVOLUTION
WillDioayml e
THIRDE DITION
OXFORD
UNIVERSITPYR ESS
OXFORD
UNIVJ!RSITPYR ESS
GreCalta reSntdroOenxe fotrO,dX2 6DP
OxfoUrndi vePrrseiisastds ye parotfmt ehUnent i veorfOs xiftoyr d.
Ifutr thtehUrens i veorbsjietocyfet' xiscv eel ilnre ensceesa crhcohl,a rship,
anedd ucabtypi uobnl iwsohrilndigwn i de
OxforNde wYo rk
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KuaLluam pMuard rMiedl boMuerxnieCc iotN ya irobi
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Witohffi ciens
ArgenAtuisntBarr iaaCz hiillCe z eRcehp ubFlriacnG cree ece
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SouKtohr Sewai tzeTrhlaainlTdau nrdkU ekyr aViineet nam
Oxfoiarsr d e gistemraerodkfO xtfroaUrdndei vePrrseistsy
int hUeK a nidnc ertoatihcneo ru ntries
Publiisnth hUeend i Stteadt es
byO xfoUrndi vePrrseIisntsNcy e. Yw,o rk
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Firsptu bli1s9h8e0d
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stoirnaer de trsiyesvtoaertlm r ,a nsmiinat nfotyre mdo ,rb ya nmye ans,
withtohpuert i poerr miisnws riiotonif On xgf oUrndi vePrrseistsy,
ora se xprpeesrsmlibyty Jt aeowdru, n dteerr amgsr weiettdhh a ep propriate
reprogrriagpohhrtigsea sn iEznaqtuiicoronin.ec ser renpirnogd uction
outstihsdece o opfte h aeb osvheo ulsde tnbotte h R ei gDhetpsa rtment,
OxfoUrndi vePrrseaisttts hya,e d draebsosv e.
Yomuu sntoc ti rctuhlbiaosto iekna noyt hbeirn doircn ogv er
anydo muu sitm potshseia sm ceo ndiotnai noaync quirer.
BriLtiibsrhCa artya loignPu uibnlgi Dcaattai on
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PREFATORNYO TE
Halagf e neroafst tiuodnhe anvhtees l mpeet doc lamryii fyd eaabso ut
thsiusb jescotf -aairsIhn a vCeo.l leaangfrdui eestn odnosu mertoou s
menthiaovanel p sloa tyheepdia rrIa t m.p a rtigcrualtateroNful olyr man
Hampswohnho,a rse tahdr otuhgwehh otleewx ittc hh aracctaerrei stic
ancdr itdiectaalc homffeenrctio,nu gn stulgegsesfos rti itiosmn psr ove­
menTetd.Ro ylwea asl ksione dn outgorh e aac dr ucchiaaplat ngedir v e
meh icso mmeanattv seb ruyst yi mCeh.r isatasil nweaw,yar sse, l entless
inh ecrr itaincudin ssmt iinnht ehiren lgp .
Septemb1e9r79 WD.
PREFACET O THE THIRDE DITION
Wheans eceonddi toifto hbnio soa kp peeairgeyhdet aa rftset rhfi er sIt ,
dindo fete tlh nee etdoa ltmeurco hf w haIth apdr evisoauisdl.y
Althosucghho plearrcleyop ftt hiseou nb jheaecdvt o lcvheadn,sg teisl l
seemteohd a vbee einn crermaetnththeaafurlnn dameBnutitanfa l c.ae ,
majsohrhi aftal dr eabdeygt uoon c c'uRerv.i siiottnu irsonmue'htd,a, d
larrgueinltc yso urWhsaetw. o uslodob nek nowansP ost-Revisionism
habde gtuoan p protphraeig aetnaedn atd;h o eu tboufnr eswwtr iting
whimcahr ktehbdei cenotfte hnReae rvyo liun1t 9ii8on9na ugutrhaet ed
triuomftp hhai psp roIantc hthee.y n e asrisni chteas a, c hiaeh veegde m­
onnyo utn ltihkoaeftt h oer thofrdoomxw iheorssu eii nstsp roauntded ;
boolkistk hehi asvb eec opmaeor tfth sec hohliasrttlhoyoer nyycs eo ught
toc hronaipcplraean,iid sn ec,o rporate.
Yeto,n as ubjwehcoctse en trtaotl hcieot uyor fms oed ehrins thoarsy
beeenm phasiizfaen dy tmhoirntegh aenv ebryp ost-revtihsei onists,
valoufte a kirnegg usltaorrce km auinndsi minTihsihasen,ddt .he
urgionffrg ise nadncsdo llewahgouvseiese I wr se spheacasttl , e ngth
Vlll Prefacteto h Teh iErdd ition
persumaedt ehdaa tfu rthueprd amtieg hste rsvoem peu rpoTshee.
chanmgaedtseo t htihsi erddi tairfoeamn ro reex tetnhsaitvnhe om saed e
tot hsee coWhnedt.h etrh ehya vdee nttehcdeo heraennpdce er suasive­
nesosfm yo veriamlelr preitsfoa rat iongnee wn eroaftr ieoandt eor s
decide.
W.D.
Decemrb9e9r7
CONTENTS
Introduction I
PARlT.W RITIONNGR SE VOLUTI0ORNIAGRISYNI SN1 C9E3 93
I.T hCel aIsnstiecr pretation 5
2.Revisionism 10
3.Post-Revisionism 35
PARITI T.H EB REAKDOOFWT NH EO LDR EGIME 43
4.ThFei naCnrciisails 4 5
5.ThSey stoefmG overnment 54
6.Opposition 65
7.PubOlpiicn ion 76
8.Reforamni dtF sa il1u7r8e7,- 1788 91
PARITI IT.H ES TRUGFGOLRPE O WER 109
9.ThNeo bility III
10T.hBeo urgeoisie 121
II.T hEel ecCtaimopna Siegpnt,e 1m7b8te8oMr a 1y7 89 131
12.T hEec onoCmriies is 148
13T.hEes tatesM-aGyae nnJdeu rn1ae7l 8,9 157
14T.hPee oopfPl aer is 166
15T.hPee asantry 178
16C.oncluTshNieeo wnR :e giamniedt P sr inciples 189
Abbreviations 197
Notes 197
FurtRheeard ing 226
Index oAfu thCiotedr s 229
GeneraIln dex 233
Leosr igdieln Raeé sv olsuotunintoe n
histlo'ihrieds;elt Raoé ivroel ution
ene sutn aeu tre.
D.Mornet
LeOsr igiinnetse llectuelles
dela R évolutfriaonnç aise
Evendtesba,or ey v,e nts.
HarMoalcdm illan
....
Introduction
Why watsh eaFr ree nRcehv oluTthiiioassqn u?e sotfpi eorne ninnitaelr ­
esntoo tn ltyos chobluattroe s v,e rywbhootda yka enis n teirnte hhseit s ­
toroyft hweo rld. Ntahteurreaifoltirl saey l,,sa so u bjoefec ntd less
controAnvde yretstoy w.a trhdmesi ddolfte ht ew entietsho mcee­ntury
thilnigak c eo nsesneseumtseo bd ee mergaimnogns,gc hoaltla erass t,
anddi sagrweaecsmo ennfittn oes dm aclolr noeftr hsseu bjwehcidtci hd
nomta teraiffaetlchltgey e nepriacltT uhriceso. n sensus, ivte ry properly
seemweadms,o st celxeparreblsytys h eFedr ench omfta hspete erriso d,
byA lbMeartth biyeG. z.e. ,o rLgeefse abnvbdryE e r,n Leasbtr oEunsgslei.s h­
speahkiisntgo rians ltahregmestleoaylr vecesospn eficntefudlo fr ehearsal
Frenchomwenvn e'rss oifto hneh iirs taonrydyo ,u nFgreern scchh olars
certsahionwlleyid te tnloeui gnhc litnoac thiaolnlw ehnahgtae sd o lidi­
fieidn atnoo rthodoxy.
Yesti ntche1e 9 5a0itslh hiascs h angUendd.et rhoe n slaoufng ehwt
research, mabiynn olny- Fcrosencndhcuothclh taceero dsn ,s ensus began
toc rumbalniedn, 1 96i2wt a ssu bjebcyAt lefrdCe odb btaoanfr ontal
attaAcftket.rh antop arotft hoel vdi erwe maisnaecdr oasnabdny c t,
197t0ho ec cassicoenpavtloi icwcaaebls e irnagi isnFe rda intcseSe clofr.e s
ofA meriBcraint,ai nsodht ,h foerre irgens esatrucdhie nnvtastd heed
French aanrldca htipevrreo sc latihmedeiidrs sentth-eofoiwrrn c or­
neorfts h fiee ld-frtohomel odr thodTohxfleio eowsf t. h efiinrd ihnagss
byn om eansst opapneiddht ,a asg amiand teh oer igoiftn hsFe r ench
Revolountoeift o hnme o rlei vaerleoyafh s i storiography.
Sot hceo nsecnoslulsaa pnscdeo dn,t roovnecmreos rryee igTnheed .
difficuwlatsos eweh atthm ea ssoefn se mwa tearnirdae li nterpretation
ry
amounttoeC.do uland e we difiocfie n terprbeect oantsitortnuo c ted
replwahcaheta bde edne strOoryw eatdsh? qe u esotfti hoReenv olution's
causfaetsea ds,t hree constorfau ncottorhree vro luotriioghnia'ndss
complatiown aeldli,onfr w m entcehda 1o s?
ag
Thefi resdti toifto hnbi oso bky,o nweh oh apdl ayseodmp ea ritn
attactkhoieln cdge rtawianastna i tetse,tm oop fftea nr e gwe nepriaclt ure
2 Introduction
ofh owt hFer enRcehv oluhtaiodor ni giannatdt oegd u,i sdteu dents
throwuhgahht a db ecoamh ei storiomgirnaepfihleitmlc adad.lne o
daitmoc lotshceea osnet hoer igoiftn hRsee voluatnitdoh wnei; s dom
ofn odto isnohg a bse eanm pcloyn firimnte hdye e arsl tshsio npwceae s.
tos uggcelsetaa nrcdlo yn cihsoewrl eycr eenste haaradci ht eoruverid e w
ofw hacta ustehgder eaotfae isrlte voluatnitdoo in nsc,o rpoourra te
chankgneodw liendtgacoe o heraenncdtr edeixbpllea nTawetnitoyn .
yeaornst, h inse we dithiaotsnh sea maei masn,di tssh ahpaens o t
changIfetad ni.al tsu rianttiwolpo ya rItnts h.fie r sIht a,vt er iteosd u m­
maritzhmeea idne velopimnhe insttso riaongrdre aspeshaiyrn 1cc9he3 9
whihcahvp er odutchpeerd e s'esntotaft t hqeeu estTihoeInnh ' a.vt er ied
tot akaec cooufan ittl h edseev elopimnce onntsst raunic nttienrgp reta­
tioofnt hber eakodfot whonel rde gitmhseet, r ufogrgp loeww ehri icth
broughta natdbh oreue ta,ws honyt hedseev elopomcecnutarssrt ehde y
diTdh.te w o paarmreet astn obt e c omplemebnutttha erirnyseo, r eason
whtyh esyh ounlobdte r eaidni solfraotmie oanco ht hSeort .h omsoer e
interienws htaIett dh itnhkai nnw haott hhearvste h oucgahbnty pass
ParItT. h osien terienws htyIet dh iintwk i filnld m ys ouricnte hse
footnotes.
Becamuossoetft hiem porwtoaronkntw hiIch ha vder aiwcsni taetd
appropproiianittntes h foeo tnottheesir,sne o g enebriabil iography.
Thearrene o wh,o weavn eurm,b oefor t hweorksr whiccohv seormo era il
oft hsea mger ouanndod,ff etrh eoiwrno vercaoinlc luAss ihoolnrists. r
oft hesme eamu ss eafudld itNioaotin al.c coersp hta mryvei ewpbouitn t,
feowft hepmr esteheneat r blayt tclherso nhiecralesse tdwi olrlfit ghh t­
inSgo.t hdee aodr thodfoorwx hioebssue r Iic aalii ln1e 9d8h 0a vaetl asr
beelne ftr etisont pWheeatchee.tr h oawte mso rteofo rcoefa rgument
thatnot hien depecnodlelnoatftp hsMeea rxiwshmil caht tseursltya ined
theimus n clbeuantrom ; o ruen cltehaawrnh amtu cohfp ost-revisionism
hasso ugthort e pltahceem with.