Origins of Intelligence Services: The Ancient Near East, Persia, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, the Arab Muslim Empires, the Mongol Empire, China, Muscovy PDF
Preview Origins of Intelligence Services: The Ancient Near East, Persia, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, the Arab Muslim Empires, the Mongol Empire, China, Muscovy
Francis Dvornik The Ancient Near East, Persia, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, the Arab Muslim Em- pires, the Mongol Empire, China, Muscovy. * ) $15.00 of Intelligence Services TTie Ancient Near East, Persia, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, the Arab Muslim Em- pires, theMongol Empire, China, Muscovy FRANCIS DVORNIK 350 pages 21 illustrations 18 maps , , , 6 bibliographies index , Efficient, swift, and dependable intelli- gence services were essential to the growth and well-being of every major empire in recorded history, as Dr. Francis Dvornik re- veals. Tactics and devices of amazing subtle- ty, such as secret police, counter-intelligence, and, above all, swift communications, were employed even by the early civilizations of the ancient Near East. These services led to the establishment of thousands of miles of road networks with fortified way stations, and post systems complete with draft mules, relay riders on horseback, and carriages used as “stage coaches." Ingenious fire and smoke signal systems were devised, by which information could be relayed across whole continents within hours. Carrier-pigeon post services, possibly imported from China by early Arabic traders, provided incredibly swift communications. Perhaps the supreme accomplishment in its time was the vast in- telligence network established by the Mon- gol Empire, which extended from the Pacific Ocean westward to the heart of central Europe. The Muscovite state, profiting from the Mongol example and the cumulative ex- perience of all the eastern empires of the past, expanded from a small, isolated prin- cipality to the immense Russian empire of Ivan IV, the Terrible, with whose death the book concludes. “Sometimes,” writes Dr. Dvornik in his Preface, “even books have their own history, and the present work is no exception.” In (continued on back flap Jacket Design by Ned Glattauer $ > it-apAJHO idfj i fhi or ph^rrt* -<'r' *t*XJr ^ •SfiryU# 02 £*j Porr^)<*<*| — JLMii \uU*^ ***? 1juJU 4 tViv. W.tfcn0pol* rUnuHo.», 1 a jtjeilkA Vtr^vnto 1 lUt* +**£r~~ rtC'Trc* ***!» jf lTh<»nnv*»v1lii« ^ gefertu** tt # <h*rjuiC«*HUi4 “Lr,»,,rU,’_<« vf*u»nUa( f»yv» conp NH/r^dro <n |#wU'"‘'J BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY Origins of Intelligence Services Digitized by the Internet Archive 2016 with funding from in Kahle/Austin Foundation https://archive.org/details/originsofintelliOOdvor ORIGINS OF INTELLIGENCE SERVICES THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST, PERSIA, GREECE, ROME, BYZANTIUM, THE ARAB MUSLIM EMPIRES, THE MONGOL EMPIRE, CHINA, MUSCOVY FRANCIS DVORNIK RUTGERS UNIVERSITY PRESS New New Brunswick, Jersey Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Dvornik, Francis, 1893- Origins of intelligence services. Includes bibliographies. — 1. Intelligence services History. 2. History, Ancient. 3. Middle Ages-History. I. Title. UB250.D86 1974 355.3'432'09 73-17098 ISBN 0-8135-0764-2 Copyright © 1974 by Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey Manufactured in the United States of America by Quinn & Boden Company, Inc., Rahway, N.J. «r To the memory of General William Donovan J. and to all those who worked with him, or under his direction, throughout World War II to the final victory of the Allies in 1945. Acknowledgments I found most of the literary documents needed for this study in the Dumbarton Oaks Library. I am deeply obliged to the Honorable Wil- liam R. Tyler, Director of Dumbarton Oaks, for his interest in my research and his encouragement to publish it. The staff of the Li- brary of Congress was very helpful in procuring for me the books on Arabic, Mongol, and Chinese history not in the Dumbarton Oaks My Library. friend, Professor Peter Charanis of Rutgers University, read part of the manuscript and recommended it to Rutgers Uni- My versity Press for publication. friend Godfrey Scheele read and prepared a part of the manuscript. Mrs. Joan Southcote-Aston, secre- tary and research assistant at Dumbarton Oaks, read the whole manuscript, and I am grateful to her for her help in both correcting and styling the final version. She also checked my references, made the final typescript, and assisted me in the proofreading.
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