Origin, Evolution, and Modern Aspects of Biomineralization in Plants and Animals

532 Pages·1989·20.789 MB·English

by  Robert M. Garrels (auth.), Rex E. Crick (eds.)

Editor
Rex E. Crick
Origin, Evolution, and
Modern Aspects of
Biomineralization in
Plants and Animals
Origin, Evolution, and
Modern Aspects of
Biomineralization in
Plants and Animals
Origin, Efolution, and
Modern Aspects of
Biomineralization in
Plants and Animals
Edited hy
Rex E. Crick
The University of Texas at Arlington
Arlington, Texas
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Llbrary of Congress Cataloglng-ln-Publlcatlon Data
Internatlonal Symposlum on Blomlnerallzatlon (5th 1986 Arllngton.
Tex.)
Orlgln. evolutlon. and modern aspects of blomlnerallzatlon 1n
plants and anlmals I edited by Rex E. Crick.
p. c •.
"Based on the proceedings of the Flfth International Symposium on
Blomlnerallzatlon. held May 18-23. 1986. at the Unlverslty of Texas
at Arllngton. Arl1ngton. Texas"--T.p. verso.
Includes blbllographlcal references.
ISBN 978-1-4757-6116-0 ISBN 978-1-4757-6114-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-6114-6
1. B 1o m 1n er aII z ati o n --Co n gre s s e s . 2. MI ner ale y ele
(Blogeochemlstry)--Congresses. I. Crlck. Rex E. II. Tltle.
QH512.1566 1986
574. 19'214--d020 90-6763
CIP
Based on the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium
on Biomineralization, held May 18-23, 1986, at The University of
Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
© 1989 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1989
Al! righ ts reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retricval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
DEDICATION
This volume is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Robert M. Garrels,
whose visionary research in the fields of geochemistry and
biochemistry significantly advanced the integration of these
disciplines and opened avenues for others to follow. Dr. Garrels
opened the symposium with the keynote lecture Some factors in
fluencing biomineralization in Earth history, which appears here as
the opening article.
Vll
PREFACE
The Fifth International Biomineralization Symposium was held in May 1986 at The
University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas. The chosen theme was the origin,
evolution and modern aspects of biomineralization in plants and animals. Thus, the
symposium was designed to bring together experts in ocean and atmospheric chemistry,
geochemistry, paleontology, biology, medicine and related fields to share accumulated
knowledge and to broaden research horizons. The contents of this volume reflect the
diversified interests and views of contributors from these fields. Topics range from
contrasting views of the origin of ocean chemistry, the cause or causes for the
biomineralization among plants and animals, the evolution of style and structure of
biomineralization, and the role of inorganic and organic compounds in biomineraliza
tion.
It was clear from those gathered in Arlington that the efforts of all researchers in
any aspect of biomineralization can be strengthened and extended by greater exposure
to the work of others in allied fields. At the time of this printing, several collaborative
efforts have grown from interest and contacts developed during the symposium.
Rex E. Crick
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The symposium would not have occurred with the financial support of The Organized
Research Fund of The University of Texas at Arlington and The Sea Grant Program
administered by Texas A & M University. The staff of the Department of Geology of
The University of Texas at Arlington were largely responsible for providing a pleasant
atmosphere for learning.
This volume would not have been possible without the dedication of Pat Cowen
during countless hours of typing and retyping manuscripts, the resources of the Depart
ment of Geology, contributing authors, and reviewers.
ix
CONTENTS
OCEAN CHEMISTRY: ITS HISTORY AND RELATIONSHIP TO
BIOMINERALIZATION SYSTEMS
Some Factors Influencing Biomineralization in Earth History
Robert M. Garrels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Biomineralization and Tentative Links to Plate Tectonics
Fred T. Mackenzie and Catherine R. Agegian . . . . . . . . . . . 11
The Soda Ocean Concept and Its Bearing on Biotic Evolution
Stephan Kempe, J6zefKazmierczak and Egon T. Degens ......... 29
Organismic Autonomy in Biomineralization Processes
Klaus Vogel and Wolfgang F. Gutmann ............... 45
Biomineralization Mechanisms
Ted McConnaughey . . .... 57
BIOMINERALIZATION WITHIN THE INVERTEBRATES
The Evolution of Mineral Skeletons
Bruce Runnegar . . . . . . ......... 75
Evolution of Biomineralization Systems within the Cephalopoda
Rex E. Crick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Tidally Deposited Bands in Shells of Barnacles and Molluscs
Dennis John Crisp .................. . . .... 103
Silicification Processes in Sponges: Geodia Asters and the Problem of
Morphogenesis of Spicule Shape
Tracy L. Simpson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
x Contents
THE S'IYLE AND STRUCTURE OF BIOMINERALIZATION:
ANCIENT & MODERN
Structure of Molluscan Prismatic Shell Layers
Harry Mutvei ............. . 137
Architecture and Chemical Composition of the Magnetite-bearing Layer in the
Radula Teeth of Chiton olivaceus (Polyplacophora) .
Paul van der Wal, John J. Videler, Piet Havinga and Roel Pel . . . . 153
Calcium Binding Substance in the Hermatypic Coral Acropora hebes (Dana)
Y eishin Isa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Skeletal Organization in Caribbean Acropora Spp. (Lamarck)
Brent R. Constantz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 175
Calcite Centers of Calcification in Mussa angulosa (Scleractinia)
Brent R. Constantz and Annemarie Meike . . . . . . . . ... 201
Extra-, Inter-, and Intracellular Mineralization in Invertebrates and Algae
Norimitsu Watabe and Roni J. Kingsley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 209
Ultrastructural and Protein Aspects of Apatite Formation in Vertebrate
Hard Tissues
Hiroshi Nakahara and Mitsuo Kakei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
ROLE OF PHOSPHATE IN BIOMINERALIZATION
The Phosphatic Mode of Calcification in Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the
Integument and Skeleton of Vertebrates
Norman E. Kemp .. 237
Low Temperature Carbonate Phosphate Materials or the Carbonate-apatite
Problem: A Review
H. Catherine W. Skinner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Phosphorus and the Ferritin Iron Core: Function-Balanced Biomineralization
Kenneth M. Towe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
The Role of Inorganic Phosphate in Iron Oxide Biomineralization
Stephen Mann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
High Capacity Calcium-binding Proteins as Intermediate Calcium Carriers in
Biological Mineralization
Mary E. Marsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Contents xi
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND CALCIFICATION
Morphology and Biomineralization: A Carbonate Model
Henri Petit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 299
Mineral Induction by the Soluble Matrix from Molluscan Shells
Ed M. Greenfield and Miles A. Crenshaw . 303
Composition and Association of Organic Matter with Calcium Carbonate and
the Origin of Calcification
Richard M. Mitterer . . . . . 309
The Proteins in the Shell of Lingula
N. Tuross and L.W. Fisher . . . 325
Amino Acids in Planktonic Foraminifera: Are They Phylogenetically Useful?
Linda Stathoplos and P.E. Hare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Ontogenetic Variations in the Distribution of Ca And Mg in Skeletal Tissues of
Vertebrates and Invertebrates
Gary D. Rosenberg and W. William Hughes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
INORGANIC AND ISOTOPE CHEMISTRY OF BIOMINERALS
Strontium Is Required in Artificial Seawater for Embryonic Shell Formation in
Two Species of Bivalve Molluscs
Scott M. Gallager, Joseph P. Bidwell and Alan M. Kuzirian ....... 349
Form and Function of Calcium Concretions in Unionids
Harold Silverman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Trace Metal Concentration in Fossil and Recent Shells of the Arctic lnfaunal
Bivalve, Mya truncata L.
Bernard Patrick Bourgoin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Function of Molluscan Statocysts
Michael L. Wiederhold, Christine E. Sheridan and Nancy K.R. Smith .. 393
BIOMINERALIZATION IN THE FUNGI, PLANTAE, MONERA AND PROTISTA
Calcification in Higher Plants with Special Reference to Cystoliths
Hiroaki Setoguchi, Megumi Okazaki and Shoichi Suga ....... 409
Aspects of Biological Silicification
Carole C. Perry and Stephen Mann .................... 419