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This page intentionally left blank ORGANIZINGBRONZEAGESOCIETIES TheMediterranean,CentralEurope,andScandinaviaCompared The Bronze Age was a formative period in European history when the organizationoflandscapes,settlements,andeconomiesreachedanewlevel of complexity. This book presents the first in-depth, comparative study of household, economy, and settlement in three microregions: the Mediter- ranean(Sicily),centralEurope(Hungary),andnorthernEurope(southScan- dinavia).Theresultsarebasedontenyearsoffieldworkemployingsimilar documentation, and scientific analyses were used in each of the regional studies,makingcontrolledcomparisonspossible.Thenewevidencedemon- strateshowdifferencesinsettlementorganizationandhouseholdeconomies werecounterbalancedbysimilaritiesintheorganizeduseofthelandscape inaneconomydominatedbytheherdingoflargeflocksofsheepandcattle. Theeightchaptersinthisbookprovideanew,contextualizedunderstanding ofthesocialandeconomiccomplexityoftheBronzeAge.Itsinnovativethe- oreticalandmethodologicalapproachesareofrelevancetoallresearchersof landscapeandsettlementhistory. TimothyEarleisProfessorofAnthropologyatNorthwesternUniversity.His scholarshipfocusesontheemergenceofchiefdoms,andhehasconducted fieldresearchinHawaii,theAndes,Denmark,andHungary.Heistheauthor ofseveralbooks,mostrecentlyChiefdoms:Power,Economy,andIdeology,How ChiefsCometoPower,andBronzeAgeEconomics. KristianKristiansenisProfessorofArchaeologyattheUniversityofGothen- burg.HeisanhonoraryFellowoftheSocietyofAntiquariesofScotland,the SocietyofAntiquariesofLondon,andtheEuropeanAssociationofArchae- ologists, which awarded him the European Archaeological Heritage Prize in 2005. He is the author of Europe before History, Social Transformations in Archaeology (with Michael Rowlands), and The Rise of Bronze Age Society (withThomasB.Larsson),whichwasawardedbestscholarlybookin2007 bytheSocietyforAmericanArchaeology. Organizing Bronze Age Societies THE MEDITERRANEAN, CENTRAL EUROPE, AND SCANDINAVIA COMPARED Editedby Timothy Earle NorthwesternUniversity Kristian Kristiansen UniversityofGothenburg cambridgeuniversitypress Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore, Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Dubai,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013-2473,usa www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521748353 (cid:2)c CambridgeUniversityPress2010 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2010 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationdata OrganizingBronzeagesocieties:theMediterranean,CentralEurope,and Scandinaviacompared/editedbyTimothyEarle,KristianKristiansen. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-0-521-76466-7(hardback)–isbn978-0-521-74835-3(pbk.) 1.Bronzeage–Italy–Sicily. 2.Bronzeage–Hungary. 3.Bronzeage–Scandinavia. 4.Landsettlementpatterns, Prehistoric–Italy–Sicily. 5.Landsettlementpatterns, Prehistoric–Hungary. 6.Landsettlementpatterns,Prehistoric–Scandinavia. 7.Sicily(Italy)–Antiquities. 8.Hungary–Antiquities. 9.Scandinavia– Antiquities. I.Earle,TimothyK. II.Kristiansen,Kristian,1948– III.Title. gn778.22.i8o74 2011 936(cid:3).01–dc22 2009051655 isbn978-0-521-76466-7Hardback isbn978-0-521-74835-3Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof urlsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublicationand doesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateor appropriate. CoverdrawingbyBrigittaKu¨rto¨si InmemoryofIldiko´ Poroszlai vii Contents ListofIllustrations pageix ListofTables xv Preface xvii 1 Introduction:TheoryandPracticeintheLate PrehistoryofEurope 1 TimothyEarleandKristianKristiansen 2 ThePalaeo-EnvironmentsofBronzeAgeEurope 34 CharlesFrench 3 RegionalSettlementPatterns 57 TimothyEarleandMichaelJ.Kolb 4 SettlementStructureandOrganisation 87 MagnusArtursson 5 Households 122 MarieLouiseStigSørensen 6 SubsistenceStrategies 155 MariaVretemark 7 TechnologyandCraft 185 JoannaSofaer 8 OrganisingBronzeAgeSocieties:ConcludingThoughts 218 TimothyEarleandKristianKristiansen Appendix1 ParticipatingInstitutions 257 Appendix2 DoctoralDissertationsBasedontheProjects 258 Appendix3 SelectedPublicationsRelatedtotheFour Projects 259 Bibliography 263 Index 295 Colorplatesfollowpage136.

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Cambridge University Press, 2010. — 303 p. — ISBN 978-0-521-76466-7.The Bronze Age was a formative period in European history when the organization of landscapes, settlements, and economies reached a new level of complexity. This book presents the first in-depth, comparative study of household,
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This page intentionally left blank ORGANIZINGBRONZEAGESOCIETIES TheMediterranean,CentralEurope,andScandinaviaCompared The Bronze Age was a formative period in European history when the organizationoflandscapes,settlements,andeconomiesreachedanewlevel of complexity. This book presents the first in-depth, comparative study of household, economy, and settlement in three microregions: the Mediter- ranean(Sicily),centralEurope(Hungary),andnorthernEurope(southScan- dinavia).Theresultsarebasedontenyearsoffieldworkemployingsimilar documentation, and scientific analyses were used in each of the regional studies,makingcontrolledcomparisonspossible.Thenewevidencedemon- strateshowdifferencesinsettlementorganizationandhouseholdeconomies werecounterbalancedbysimilaritiesintheorganizeduseofthelandscape inaneconomydominatedbytheherdingoflargeflocksofsheepandcattle. Theeightchaptersinthisbookprovideanew,contextualizedunderstanding ofthesocialandeconomiccomplexityoftheBronzeAge.Itsinnovativethe- oreticalandmethodologicalapproachesareofrelevancetoallresearchersof landscapeandsettlementhistory. TimothyEarleisProfessorofAnthropologyatNorthwesternUniversity.His scholarshipfocusesontheemergenceofchiefdoms,andhehasconducted fieldresearchinHawaii,theAndes,Denmark,andHungary.Heistheauthor ofseveralbooks,mostrecentlyChiefdoms:Power,Economy,andIdeology,How ChiefsCometoPower,andBronzeAgeEconomics. KristianKristiansenisProfessorofArchaeologyattheUniversityofGothen- burg.HeisanhonoraryFellowoftheSocietyofAntiquariesofScotland,the SocietyofAntiquariesofLondon,andtheEuropeanAssociationofArchae- ologists, which awarded him the European Archaeological Heritage Prize in 2005. He is the author of Europe before History, Social Transformations in Archaeology (with Michael Rowlands), and The Rise of Bronze Age Society (withThomasB.Larsson),whichwasawardedbestscholarlybookin2007 bytheSocietyforAmericanArchaeology. Organizing Bronze Age Societies THE MEDITERRANEAN, CENTRAL EUROPE, AND SCANDINAVIA COMPARED Editedby Timothy Earle NorthwesternUniversity Kristian Kristiansen UniversityofGothenburg cambridgeuniversitypress Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore, Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Dubai,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013-2473,usa www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521748353 (cid:2)c CambridgeUniversityPress2010 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2010 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationdata OrganizingBronzeagesocieties:theMediterranean,CentralEurope,and Scandinaviacompared/editedbyTimothyEarle,KristianKristiansen. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-0-521-76466-7(hardback)–isbn978-0-521-74835-3(pbk.) 1.Bronzeage–Italy–Sicily. 2.Bronzeage–Hungary. 3.Bronzeage–Scandinavia. 4.Landsettlementpatterns, Prehistoric–Italy–Sicily. 5.Landsettlementpatterns, Prehistoric–Hungary. 6.Landsettlementpatterns,Prehistoric–Scandinavia. 7.Sicily(Italy)–Antiquities. 8.Hungary–Antiquities. 9.Scandinavia– Antiquities. I.Earle,TimothyK. II.Kristiansen,Kristian,1948– III.Title. gn778.22.i8o74 2011 936(cid:3).01–dc22 2009051655 isbn978-0-521-76466-7Hardback isbn978-0-521-74835-3Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof urlsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublicationand doesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateor appropriate. CoverdrawingbyBrigittaKu¨rto¨si InmemoryofIldiko´ Poroszlai vii Contents ListofIllustrations pageix ListofTables xv Preface xvii 1 Introduction:TheoryandPracticeintheLate PrehistoryofEurope 1 TimothyEarleandKristianKristiansen 2 ThePalaeo-EnvironmentsofBronzeAgeEurope 34 CharlesFrench 3 RegionalSettlementPatterns 57 TimothyEarleandMichaelJ.Kolb 4 SettlementStructureandOrganisation 87 MagnusArtursson 5 Households 122 MarieLouiseStigSørensen 6 SubsistenceStrategies 155 MariaVretemark 7 TechnologyandCraft 185 JoannaSofaer 8 OrganisingBronzeAgeSocieties:ConcludingThoughts 218 TimothyEarleandKristianKristiansen Appendix1 ParticipatingInstitutions 257 Appendix2 DoctoralDissertationsBasedontheProjects 258 Appendix3 SelectedPublicationsRelatedtotheFour Projects 259 Bibliography 263 Index 295 Colorplatesfollowpage136.

Description:
Cambridge University Press, 2010. — 303 p. — ISBN 978-0-521-76466-7.The Bronze Age was a formative period in European history when the organization of landscapes, settlements, and economies reached a new level of complexity. This book presents the first in-depth, comparative study of household,
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