Organizations: Structures, Processes and Outcomes PDF
Preview Organizations: Structures, Processes and Outcomes
2 Organizations 3 Organizations Structures, Processes, and Outcomes Tenth Edition Pamela S. Tolbert Professor School of Industrial and Labor Relations Cornell University Richard H. Hall Distinguished Service Professor University at Albany State University of New York 4 First published 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 2009 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. ISBN: 9780132448406 (pbk) Cover Design: Margaret Kensalaar Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hall, Richard H., 1934– Organizations: structures, processes, and outcomes / Richard H. Hall, Pamela S. Tolbert. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-244840-6 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-13-244840-8 (alk. paper) 1. Organizational sociology. 2. Organizational change. I. Tolbert, Pamela S. II. Title. HM786.H35 2009 302.3′5—dc22 2008036753 5 For Sherry and for Steve 6 Brief Contents Preface Part I Introduction Chapter 1 Thinking About Organizations Part II Organizational Structure Chapter 2 Organizational Structure: Key Dimensions Chapter 3 Organizational Structure: Explanations Part III Organizational Processes Chapter 4 Power and Power Outcomes Chapter 5 Leadership Chapter 6 Decision-Making Chapter 7 Communication Chapter 8 Managing Organizational Environments: Conceptions of the Environment Chapter 9 Managing Organizational Environments: General Paradigms Part IV Outcomes Chapter 10 Organizational Performance and Change References Name Index Subject Index 7 Contents Preface Part I Introduction Chapter 1 Thinking About Organizations Overview Why Study Organizations? Organizational Impacts The Nature of Organizations The Plan of the Book Summary and Conclusions Exercises Part II Organizational Structure Chapter 2 Organizational Structure: Key Dimensions Overview Defining Organizational Structure Studying Organizational Structure: Early Research on the Bureaucratic Form Sociological Studies of Formal Structure in Organizations Dimensions of Formal Structure Relations Between Complexity, Formalization, and Centralization Summary and Conclusions Exercises Chapter 3 Organizational Structure: Explanations Overview Effects of Size Effects of Technology Combined Effects of Size and Technology In Practice: Functional, Product, and Matrix Forms of Organization Effects of Internal Culture Environmental Effects on Structure: External Culture Creating Formal Structure: Debates over Process 8 Summary and Conclusions Exercises Part III Organizational Processes Chapter 4 Power and Power Outcomes Overview The Nature of Power in Organizations Authority and Power Other Types of Power Shifts in Power Power Outcomes: Compliance and Involvement Power Outcomes: Conflict The Components of Conflict Situations The Outcomes of Conflict Summary and Conclusions Exercises Chapter 5 Leadership Overview What Is Leadership? The Outcomes of Leadership for Organizations Leadership in the Voluntary Organization Summary and Conclusions Exercises Chapter 6 Decision-Making Overview Organizations as Systems of Decisions Strategic Decision-Making Strategies of Power and Decision-Making Summary and Conclusions Exercises Chapter 7 Communication Overview The Importance of Communication Individual Factors Organizational Factors Vertical Communication Horizontal Communication Communication Problems Communication to and from Outside the Organization Possible Solutions 9 Summary and Conclusions Exercises Chapter 8 Managing Organizational Environments: Conceptions of the Environment Overview “Discovering” Organizational Environments Defining the Environment Perceiving the Environment Summary and Conclusions Exercises Chapter 9 Managing Organizational Environments: General Paradigms Overview The Contingency Paradigm The Resource Dependence Paradigm The Transaction Cost Paradigm The Institutional Paradigm The Population Ecology Paradigm Combining Paradigms Summary and Conclusions Exercises Part IV Outcomes Chapter 10 Organizational Performance and Change Overview Problems of Defining Organizational Goals Approaches to Organizational Effectiveness Evaluating Organizational Performance: Key Issues Organizational Change and Transformation Organizational Change: Learning and Transformation Transformational Change Summary and Conclusions Exercises References Name Index Subject Index 10
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