organic nutrient management practices for sustainable aerobic rice production

127 Pages·2013·1.65 MB·English

ORGANIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
FOR SUSTAINABLE AEROBIC RICE PRODUCTION

Thesis submitted to the
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
Degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE (AGRICULTURE)
IN
AGRONOMY

By
DIVYA SAHARE

DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, DHARWAD
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
DHARWAD – 580 005

SEPTEMBER, 2012
ADVISORY COMMITTEE

DHARWAD (H. B. BABALAD)
SEPTEMBER, 2012 CHAIRMAN

Approved by :
Chairman : ____________________________
(H. B. BABALAD)
Members : 1. __________________________
(R. K. PATIL)

2. __________________________
(S. B. KALAGHATAGI)

3. __________________________
(K. K. MATH)

4. __________________________
((M. P. POTDAR)
CONTENTS

Chapter
Chapter Particulars
No.
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF PLATES
LIST OF APPENDICES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Effect of organics on crop growth and yield
2.2 Effect of liquid manures in crop growth and yield
2.3 Effects of organics on nutrient uptake
2.4 Effects of organics on soil chemical properties
2.5 Effects of organics on enzymatic activity
2.6 Effects of organics on quality parameters of rice
2.7 Effects of organics on economics of crop
3. MATERIAL AND METHODS
3.1 Field experiment
3.2 Experimental details
3.3 Cultivation practices
3.4 Collection of experimental data
3.5 Chemical analysis
3.6 Quality parameters
3.7 Economic analysis
3.8 Statistical analysis
3.9 Correlation studies
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
4.1 Growth parameters
4.2 Yield parameters
4.3 Enzymatic activity
4.4 Maximum water holding capacity (%)

Contd…
Chapter
Chapter Particulars
No.
4.5 Soil nutrient status after harvest of crop
4.6 Nutrient uptake
4.7 Quality parameters
4.8 Economic analysis
4.9 Coefficient of correlation between yield and yield
components
5. DISCUSSION
5.1 Influence of weather on the performance of crop
5.2 Effect of various solid organic sources on yield, yield
components, growth Parameters and quality parameters of
aerobic rice
5.3 Effect of liquid organic manures on yield, yield components,
growth parameters and quality parameters of aerobic rice
5.4 Interactions
5.5 Economics
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title
1. Physical and chemical properties of experimental soil
2. Monthly meteorological data for the experimental year 2011 and
average of 60 years (1950-2010) at Main Agricultural Research
Station, UAS, Dharwad.
3. Biometric observations studied
4. Plant height (cm) of aerobic rice as influenced by application of
organic manures and liquid organic manures at 30, 60 and 90
DAS and at harvest
5. Number of tillers (hill-1) of aerobic rice as influenced by
application of organic manures and liquid organic manures at 30,
60 and 90 DAS and at harvest
6. Leaf area (cm2 hill-1) of aerobic rice as influenced by application
of organic manures and liquid organic manures at 30, 60 and 90
DAS
7. LAI of aerobic rice as influenced by application of organic
manures and liquid organic manures at 30, 60 and 90 DAS
8. SPAD values of aerobic rice as influenced by organic manures
and liquid organic manures at 30, 60 and 90 DAS
9. Total dry matter (g hill-1) of aerobic rice as influenced by organic
manures and liquid organic manures at 30, 60 and 90 DAS and
at harvest
10. Filled grains, unfilled grains and productive tillers of aerobic rice
as influenced by application of organic manures and liquid
organic manures at harvest
11. Panicle length, panicle weight and 1000 grain weight of aerobic
rice as influenced by application of organic manures and liquid
organic manures at harvest
12. Grain yield, straw yield and Harvest index of aerobic rice as
influenced by organic manures and liquid organic manures at
harvest
13. Dehydrogenase enzyme activity and MWHC of soil as influenced
by application of organic manures and liquid organic manures at
harvest
14 Soil pH, soil EC and organic carbon content of soil as influenced
by application of organic manures and foliar sprays at harvest
15. Available N, P, K and S content of the soil as influenced by
application of organic manures and liquid organic manures at
harvest

Contd….
Table No. Title
16. DTPA extractable micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) content in
soil as influenced by organic manures and foliar sprays at
harvest
17. Nitrogen uptake (kg ha-1) as influenced by application of organic
manures and liquid organic manures at harvest
18. Phosphorus uptake (kg ha-1) as influenced by application of
organic manures and liquid organic manures at Harvest
19. Potassium uptake (kg ha-1) as influenced by application of
organic manures and liquid organic manures at Harvest
20. Fe uptake (g ha-1) in soil as influenced by application of organic
manures and liquid organic manures at harvest
21. Mn uptake (g ha-1) as influenced by application of organic
manures and liquid organic manures at harvest
22. Zn uptake (g ha-1) as influenced by application of organic
manures and liquid organic manures harvest
23. Cu uptake (g ha-1) as influenced by application of organic
manures and liquid organic manures at harvest
24. Milling per cent, protein per cent and starch per cent of aerobic
rice as influenced by organic manures and liquid organic
manures
25. Economics of aerobic rice cultivation as influenced by application
of organic manures and liquid organic manures
26 Correlation coefficient between yield, yield parameters and
growth parameters
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure
Title
No.
1. Monthly meteorological data for the experimental year 2011 and
average of 60 years (1950-2010) at Main Agricultural Research
Station, UAS, Dharwad
2. The layout plan of experiment
3. Total dry matter of aerobic rice as influenced by organic manures
and liquid organic manures at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest
4. Filled grains, unfilled grains and productive tillers of aerobic rice
as influenced by application of organic manures and liquid
organic manures at harvest
5. Panicle length, panicle weight and 1000 grain weight of aerobic
rice as influenced by application of organic manures and liquid
organic manures at harvest
6. Grain yield, straw yield and Harvest index of aerobic rice as
influenced by organic manures and liquid organic manures at
harvest
7. Available N, P, K and S content of the soil as influenced by
application of organic manures and liquid organic manures at
harvest
8. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake as influenced by
application of organic manures and liquid organic manures at
harvest
9. Protein content, starch content and milling of aerobic rice as
influenced by organic manures and liquid organic manures
10. Economics of aerobic rice cultivation as influenced by application
of organic manures and liquid organic manures
LIST OF PLATES

Plate No. Title
1. General view of the Experiment
2. Photographs depicting effect of RDF and RDF + FYM on growth of
aerobic rice
3. Photographs depicting effect of organic manurial treatments and
liquid organic sprays on growth of aerobic rice
LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix
Title
No.
I. Price of input and outputs in calculating cost of cultivation
II. Details of cost of cultivation in different organic and liquid organic
nutrient management practices (` ha-1)
III. Chemical composition of FYM, Vermicompost, green leaf manure
(Gliricidia) and enriched compost
IV. Analytical values of Panchagavya, Jeevamrut, Cow urine and
Biodigester
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

1. EC - Enriched compost
2. VC - Vermicompost
3. GLM - Green leaf manure
4. FYM - Farmyard manure
5. RDF - Recommended dose of fertilizer
6. RDN - Recommended dose of nitrogen
7. DAS - Days after sowing
8. OC - Organic carbon
9. MWHC - Maximum water holding capacity
10. LAI - Leaf area index
11. SPAD - Soil Plant Analysis Development
12. DTPA - Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid
13. dm2 - Decimeter square
14. cm - centimetre
15. g plant-1 - Gram per plant
16. kg ha-1 - Kilogram per hectare
17. eq. - Equivalent
18. mg ha-1 - milligram per hectare
19. dSm-1 - Deci- Siemen per meter
20. hill-1 - Per hill
21. viz; - Visually