spine=.7680” Science/Chemistry/Organic Chemistry Making Everything Easier!™ Your plain-English guide to Open the book and find: O O rganic understanding chemical reactions r and tackling tests with ease • A review of Organic Chemistry I g Whether you’re confused by carbocations or baffled by • Creleaactri doenssc riptions of organic a mistr y I I n Che biomolecules, this straightforward, easy-to-read guide • Spectroscopy of aromatic i demystifies Organic Chemistry II. From appreciating compounds and carbonyls c aromatic compounds to comprehending carbonyls, you’ll C • All you need to know about discover what you need to know about organic reactions in amines h order to master the course and score high on your exams! • An explanation of the infamous e • Get comfortable with the course — follow your coursework Grignard reaction m alongside the book, as it corresponds to a typical second • Hints for working with synthesis semester college-level organic chemistry class and roadmaps i s • Refresh your knowledge of key topics — from mechanisms to alcohol and ethers, from conjugated unsaturated systems to • Surefire ways to fail the course t electrophiles and nucleophiles, get prepped for Organic II (and how to avoid them!) r y • Grasp carbonyl group basics — get an overview of structure, • Ten tips for increasing your exam reactivity, and spectroscopy before delving deeper into scores I I aldehydes and ketones, enols and enolates, and carboxylic acids and their derivatives Learn to: • Ace advanced topics — take a closer look at nitrogen compounds, organometallic compounds, the Claisen Condensation and its • Understand the physical and chemical variations, and biomolecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, properties of organic compounds and proteins Go to Dummies.com® • Observe from a macro-scopic and for videos, step-by-step examples, micro-scopic view how-to articles, or to shop! • Grasp chemical and organic reactions • Follow along and ace your Organic Chemistry II course $19.99 US / $23.99 CN / £14.99 UK ISBN 978-0-470-17815-7 John T. Moore, EdD, is Regents Professor of Chemistry at Stephen John T. Moore, EdD F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, Texas. He is the author of Chemistry For Dummies. Richard H. Langley, PhD, teaches chemistry at Richard H. Langley, PhD Stephen F. Austin State University. Langley and Moore are coauthors Professors of Chemistry and coauthors of of Biochemistry For Dummies. Moore Langley Biochemistry For Dummies spine=.7680” Get More and Do More at Dummies.com ® Start with FREE Cheat Sheets Cheat Sheets include • Checklists Mobile Apps • Charts • Common Instructions • And Other Good Stuff! To access the Cheat Sheet created specifically for this book, go to www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/organicchemistry2 Get Smart at Dummies.com Dummies.com makes your life easier with 1,000s of answers on everything from removing wallpaper to using the latest version of Windows. Check out our There’s a Dummies App for This and That • Videos • Illustrated Articles • Step-by-Step Instructions With more than 200 million books in print and over 1,600 unique Plus, each month you can win valuable prizes by entering titles, Dummies is a global leader in how-to information. Now our Dummies.com sweepstakes. * you can get the same great Dummies information in an App. With topics such as Wine, Spanish, Digital Photography, Certification, Want a weekly dose of Dummies? Sign up for Newsletters on • Digital Photography and more, you’ll have instant access to the topics you need to • Microsoft Windows & Office know in a format you can trust. • Personal Finance & Investing • Health & Wellness To get information on all our Dummies apps, visit the following: • Computing, iPods & Cell Phones www.Dummies.com/go/mobile from your computer. • eBay www.Dummies.com/go/iphone/apps from your phone. • Internet • Food, Home & Garden Find out “HOW” at Dummies.com *Sweepstakes not currently available in all countries; visit Dummies.com for official rules. Organic Chemistry II FOR DUMmIES‰ !!""##""$$%%""&&$$''(((())**++,,))--....//////)) &&0011%%00""!!//////22334444//5566 !!""##""$$%%""&&$$''(((())**++,,))--....//////)))) &&0011%%00""!!//////22334444//5566 Organic Chemistry II FOR DUMmIES‰ by John T. Moore, EdD, and Richard H. Langley, PhD !!""##""$$%%""&&$$''(((())**++,,))--....//////)))))) &&0011%%00""!!//////22334444//5566 Organic Chemistry II For Dummies® Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River St. Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permit- ted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http:// www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/ or its affi liates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. 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Library of Congress Control Number: 2010926849 ISBN: 978-0-470-17815-7 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 !!""##""$$%%""&&$$''(((())**++,,))--....//////))77 &&0011%%00""!!//////22334444//5566 About the Authors John T. Moore, EdD, grew up in the foothills of western North Carolina. He attended the University of North Carolina–Asheville where he received his bachelor’s degree in chemistry. He earned his master’s degree in chemistry from Furman University in Greenville, South Carolina. After a stint in the United States Army, he decided to try his hand at teaching. In 1971 he joined the chemistry faculty of Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, Texas, where he still teaches chemistry. In 1985 he went back to school part time and in 1991 received his doctorate in education from Texas A&M University. For the past several years he has been the co-editor (along with one of his former students) of the “Chemistry for Kids” feature of The Journal of Chemical Education. In 2003 his fi rst book, Chemistry For Dummies, was published by Wiley, soon to be followed by Chemistry Made Simple (Broadway) and Chemistry Essentials For Dummies (Wiley). John enjoys cooking and making custom knife handles from exotic woods. Richard H. Langley, PhD, grew up in southwestern Ohio. He attended Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, where he received bachelor’s degrees in chemistry and in mineralogy and a master’s degree in chemistry. His next stop was the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, Nebraska, where he received his doctorate in chemistry. Afterwards he took a postdoctoral position at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona, followed by a visiting assistant professor position at the University of Wisconsin–River Falls. In 1982 he moved to Stephen F. Austin State University. For the past several years he and John have been graders for the free-response portion of the AP Chemistry Exam. He and John have collaborated on several writing projects, including 5 Steps to a Five AP Chemistry and Chemistry for the Utterly Confused (both published by McGraw-Hill). Rich enjoys jewelry making and science fi ction. !!""##""$$%%""&&$$''(((())**++,,))--....//////77 &&0011%%00""!!//////22334444//5566 !!""##""$$%%""&&$$''(((())**++,,))--....//////77)) &&0011%%00""!!//////22334444//5566 Dedication John: I dedicate this book to my wife, Robin; sons, Matthew and Jason; my wonderful daughter-in-law, Sara; and the two most wonderful grandkids in the world, Zane and Sadie. I love you guys. Rich: I dedicate this book to my mother. Authors’ Acknowledgments We would not have had the opportunity to write this book without the encouragement of our agent Grace Freedson. We would also like to thank Chrissy Guthrie for her support and assistance in the early portion of this project and to Sarah Faulkner who helped us complete it. We would also like to thank our copy editor, Caitie Copple, and our technical editors, Susan Klein and Joe Burnell. Many thanks to our colleagues Russell Franks and Jim Garrett who helped with suggestions and ideas. Rich would also like to acknowledge Danica Dizon for her suggestions, ideas, and inspiration. Thanks to all of the people at Wiley publishing who help bring this project from concept to publication. !!""##""$$%%""&&$$''(((())**++,,))--....//////77)))) &&0011%%00""!!//////22334444//5566 Publisher’s Acknowledgments We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments at http://dummies.custhelp.com. For other comments, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. 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Amick Cover Photos: © Haywiremedia | Dreamstime.com/ © iStock Cartoons: Rich Tennant (www.the5thwave.com) Publishing and Editorial for Consumer Dummies Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher, Consumer Dummies Kristin Ferguson-Wagstaffe, Product Development Director, Consumer Dummies Ensley Eikenburg, Associate Publisher, Travel Kelly Regan, Editorial Director, Travel Publishing for Technology Dummies Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher, Dummies Technology/General User Composition Services Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services !!""##""$$%%""&&$$''(((())**++,,))--....//////77)))))) &&0011%%00""!!//////22334444//5566