Page i Organic Chemistry Sixth Edition Janice Gorzynski Smith University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Page ii ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, SIXTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2020 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2017, 2014, and 2011. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LWI 21 20 19 ISBN 978-1-260-11910-7 MHID 1-260-11910-6 Senior Portfolio Manager: Michelle Hentz Senior Product Developer: Mary Hurley Executive Marketing Manager: Tamara Hodge Content Project Managers: Sherry Kane/Samantha Donisi-Hamm Senior Buyer: Sandy Ludovissy Senior Designer: Matt Backhaus Content Licensing Specialist: Lorraine Buczek Cover Image: ©Michael Lawrence/Lonely Planet Images/Getty Images ® Compositor: Aptara , Inc. All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page. Spectra in chapters 9, 11, 12, Spectroscopy A–C, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, and 23 courtesy of the Chemistry Department at Rutgers University. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Smith, Janice G., author. Title: Organic chemistry / Janice Gorzynski Smith, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa. Description: Sixth edition. | New York, NY : McGraw-Hill Education, [2020] | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018032811 | ISBN 9781260119107 (alk. paper) | ISBN 1260119106 (alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Chemistry, Organic—Textbooks. Classification: LCC QD253.2 .S63 2020 | DDC 547—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018032811 The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the author or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill Education does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites. mheducation.com/highered Page iii About the Author ©Daniel C. Smith Janice Gorzynski Smith was born in Schenectady, New York. She received an A.B. degree summa cum laude in chemistry from Cornell University, and a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from Harvard University under the direction of Nobel Laureate E. J. Corey. During her tenure with the Corey group, she completed the total synthesis of the plant growth hormone gibberellic acid. Following her postdoctoral work as a National Science Foundation National Needs Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard, Jan joined the faculty of Mount Holyoke College, where she was employed for 21 years. During this time she was active in teaching organic chemistry lecture and lab courses, conducting a research program in organic synthesis, and serving as department chair. Her organic chemistry class was named one of Mount Holyoke's “Don't-miss courses” in a survey by Boston magazine. After spending two sabbaticals amidst the natural beauty and diversity in Hawai'i in the 1990s, Jan and her family moved there permanently in 2000. She is a faculty member at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, where she teaches the two-semester organic chemistry lecture and lab courses. In 2003, she received the Chancellor's Citation for Meritorious Teaching. Jan resides in Hawai'i with her husband Dan, an emergency medicine physician, pictured with her in Antarctica in 2018. She has four children and six grandchildren. When not teaching, writing, or enjoying her family, Jan bikes, hikes, snorkels, and scuba dives in sunny Hawai'i, and time permitting, enjoys travel and Hawaiian quilting. Page iv Contents in Brief Prologue 1 1 Structure and Bonding 7 2 Acids and Bases 59 3 Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups 93 4 Alkanes 131 5 Stereochemistry 179 6 Understanding Organic Reactions 222 7 Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic Substitution 256 8 Alkyl Halides and Elimination Reactions 308 9 Alcohols, Ethers, and Related Compounds 345 10 Alkenes and Addition Reactions 397 11 Alkynes and Synthesis 441 12 Oxidation and Reduction 472 Spectroscopy A Mass Spectrometry 512 Spectroscopy B Infrared Spectroscopy 534 Spectroscopy C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 562 13 Radical Reactions 611 14 Conjugation, Resonance, and Dienes 648 15 Benzene and Aromatic Compounds 689 16 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds 725 17 Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry; Organometallic Reagents; Oxidation and Reduction 780 18 Aldehydes and Ketones—Nucleophilic Addition 833 19 Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles 885 20 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives— Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution 926 21 Substitution Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds at the α Carbon 973 22 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions 1011 23 Amines 1047 24 Carbon–Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions in Organic Synthesis 1102 25 Pericyclic Reactions 1131 26 Carbohydrates 1162 27 Amino Acids and Proteins 1212 28 Synthetic Polymers 1259 29 Lipids 1292 (Available online) Appendices A Glossary G Index I-1