Organic Chemical Toxicology of Fishes

561 Pages·2013·10.394 MB·1-580\561

by  Keith B. Tierney, Anthony P. Farrell and Colin J. Brauner (Eds.)

ORGANIC CHEMICAL
TOXICOLOGY OF FISHES
This is Volume 33 in the
FISH PHYSIOLOGY series
Edited by Anthony P. Farrell and Colin J. Brauner
Honorary Editors: William S. Hoar and David J. Randall
A complete list of books in this series appears at the end of the volume
ORGANIC CHEMICAL
TOXICOLOGY OF FISHES
Edited by
KEITH B. TIERNEY
DepartmentofBiological Sciences
University ofAlberta
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada
ANTHONY P. FARRELL
Department ofZoology,and
Facultyof LandandFoodSystems
The University of BritishColumbia
Vancouver,British Columbia
Canada
COLIN J. BRAUNER
DepartmentofZoology
The University of BritishColumbia
Vancouver,British Columbia
Canada
AMSTERDAM(cid:1)BOSTON(cid:1)HEIDELBERG(cid:1)LONDON
NEWYORK(cid:1)OXFORD(cid:1)PARIS(cid:1)SANDIEGO
SANFRANCISCO(cid:1)SINGAPORE(cid:1)SYDNEY(cid:1)TOKYO
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For Jeannie
CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS xi
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS xv
PREFACE xxiii
1. Organic Contaminants and Fish
Keith B. Tierney, Christopher J. Kennedy, Frank Gobas,
Melissa Gledhill and Mark Sekela
1. Contaminants:AShortHistoricalPreamble 1
2. ContaminantToxicokineticsinFishes 14
3. PredictingContaminantMovementintheEnvironmentandFish 34
4. QuantifyingContaminantsandExposures 40
5. Conclusion 41
2. Effects of Legacy Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in
Fish—Current and Future Challenges
Lyndal L. Johnson, Bernadita F. Anulacion, Mary R. Arkoosh,
Douglas G. Burrows, Denis A. M. da Silva, Joseph P. Dietrich,
Mark S. Myers, Julann Spromberg and Gina M. Ylitalo
1. Introduction 54
2. TransformationsofPOPsintheAquaticEnvironment 56
3. EndocrineDisruption 58
4. EffectsonEarlyDevelopment 77
5. TransgenerationalEffects 84
6. EffectsonGrowth,Condition,andEnergyReserves 87
7. EffectsonReproduction 90
8. Immunotoxicity 97
9. NeoplasiaandRelatedPathologicalConditions 102
10. EffectsonBehavior,IncludingForaging,Aggression,and
PredatorAvoidance 105
11. RiskAssessmentChallenges 108
vii
viii
CONTENTS
3. Organometal(loid)s
Niladri Basu and David M. Janz
1. Introduction 142
2. OrganicMercury 144
3. Organoselenium 157
4. Organoarsenicals 170
5. OrganotinCompounds 176
6. OtherOrganometal(loid)s 179
7. Conclusions 181
4. Effects on Fish of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)
and Naphthenic Acid Exposures
Tracy K. Collier, Bernadita F. Anulacion, Mary R. Arkoosh,
Joseph P. Dietrich, John P. Incardona, Lyndal L. Johnson,
Gina M. Ylitalo and Mark S. Myers
1 Introduction 196
2 TransformationsofPAHsintheAquaticEnvironment 198
3 HepaticNeoplasiaandRelatedLesionsinWildFish 200
4 EffectsonReproduction 211
5 EffectsonEmbryonicandLarvalDevelopment 215
6 TransgenerationalEffects 222
7 OtherEffectswithConsequencesforSurvivalofPostlarvalStages 224
8 NaphthenicAcidsasaNewConcern 230
9 FutureDirections 234
5. Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Fish
Christopher J. Kennedy, Heather L. Osachoff and
Lesley K. Shelley
1. Introduction 257
2. EDC 260
3. Toxicokinetics 266
4. MechanismsofToxicity 273
5. XenoestrogenEffects 285
6. InteractionswithOtherToxicAgents 290
7. KnowledgeGapsandFutureDirections 291
6. Insecticide Toxicity in Fish
M.H. Fulton, P.B. Key and M.E. DeLorenzo
1. Abstract/Introduction 310
2. Background 311
3. InsecticideClasses 312
4. Organophosphates 323
5. Carbamates 331
6. Pyrethroids 337
7. Neonicotinoids 345
ix
CONTENTS
8. Phenylpyrazoles 347
9. Microbial-BasedInsecticides 349
10. InsectGrowthRegulators 351
11. Mixtures 353
12. DataGaps 353
13. Summary 354
7. Effects of Herbicides on Fish
Keith R. Solomon, Kristoffer Dalhoff, David Volz and
Glen Van Der Kraak
1. Introduction 370
2. ClassificationofHerbicides 374
3. AcuteLethalityofHerbicidestoFish 374
4. SublethalEffectsofHerbicidesinFish 387
5. IndirectEffectsofHerbicidesonFish 402
6. Conclusions 403
8. Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment: A Case
Study on the Effects of Triclosan in Fish
Alice Hontela and Hamid R. Habibi
1. Introduction 412
2. PhysicalandChemicalPropertiesofTriclosan,andItsUseasa
PersonalCareProduct 413
3. ExposureintheAquaticEnvironment 415
4. KineticsandMetabolismofTriclosan 417
5. ToxicityofTriclosan 418
6. ReproductiveandDevelopmentalEffects 423
7. EffectsofTriclosanontheThyroidAxis 425
8. InteractionsofTriclosanwithArylHydrocarbonandRyanodineReceptors426
9. FutureUseofTriclosanandRelatedEnvironmentalIssues 428
10. ConclusionsandKnowledgeGaps 429
11. GeneralLessonsLearnedfromtheCaseStudyofTriclosan 431
9. Emerging Threats to Fishes: Engineered Organic Nanomaterials
Tyson J. MacCormack, Greg G. Goss and Richard D. Handy
1. Introduction 439
2. TheEnvironmentalChemistryofEngineeredNanomaterialsand
BioavailabilitytoFishes 443
3. AcuteToxicityofOrganicENMs 445
4. UptakeRoutesandTargetOrgansforOrganicENMs 445
5. EffectsofOrganicENMsonthePhysiologicalSystemsofFishes 451
6. StudiesonOrganicENMsandCappingAgents 458
7. NanocrystallineandNanofibrillarCellulosicMaterials 463
8. Polymer-coatedENMsintheAgriculturalSector 465
9. KeyNeedsinEnvironmentalRiskAssessmentofOrganicENMs 466
10. ConclusionsandPerspectives 469
x
CONTENTS
10. Handling Fish Mixture Exposures in Risk Assessment
Dick de Zwart and Leo Posthuma
1 Introduction 482
2 FishandMixtures 485
3 PrinciplesofRiskandImpactAssessmentofChemicalsandMixtures 488
4 CumulativeRiskAssessmentforMixturesofToxicants 500
5 EvidenceforMixtureImpactsintheField 512
6 Conclusions,Overview,andSummary 519
INDEX 525
OTHERVOLUMESINTHEFISHPHYSIOLOGYSERIES 543
COLORPLATESECTION
CONTRIBUTORS
The numbers in parenthesis indicate the pages on which the authors
contributions begin.
BERNADITA F. ANULACION (53, 195), Environmental and Fisheries Science
Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries
Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA,
USA
MARY R. ARKOOSH (53, 195), Environmental and Fisheries Science Division,
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, USA
NILADRI BASU (141), Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
DOUGLASG.BURROWS(53),EnvironmentalConservationDivision,Northwest
Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
TRACY K. COLLIER (195), Science Director, Puget Sound Partnership,
Tacoma, WA, USA
DENIS A.M. DA SILVA (53), Environmental and Fisheries Science Division,
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
DICK DE ZWART (483), RIVM, Centre for Sustainability, Environment and
Health, The Netherlands
MARIE E. DELORENZO (309), Center for Coastal Environmental Health and
Biomolecular Research, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC, USA
xi