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Organic Agriculture Towards Sustainability Edited by Vytautas Pilipavicius O Drg3apnZic4 iA &gr ibcuhlgtuvrled ,T Dowenanrdisx xSxu &sta rinoasebaili t(yf or softarchive) ESditteod lbey Vsyrtacu tafsr oPilmipa vhicitutsp://avaxho.me/blogs/exLib/ Published by AvE4EvA Copyright © 2014 All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Technical Editor AvE4EvA MuViMix Records Cover Designer Published 07 May, 2014 ISBN-10 9535113402 ISBN-13 978-9535113409 C ontents Preface Chapter 1 Organic Agriculture, Sustainability and Consumer Preferences by Terrence Thomas and Cihat Gunden Chapter 2 Analysis of Production and Consumption of Organic Products in South Africa by Maggie Kisaka-Lwayo and Ajuruchukwu Obi Chapter 3 Organic agricultural practices among small holder farmers in South Western Nigeria by Sijuwade Ad ebayo and Idowu O Oladele Chapter 4 Current Status of Advisory and Extension Services for Organic Agriculture in Europe and Turkey by Orhan ÿzÿatalbas Chapter 5 Lithuanian Organic Agriculture in the Context of European Union by Vytautas Pilipavicius and Alvydas G rigaliunas Chapter 6 Mixtures of Legumes with Cereals as a Source of Feed for Animals by Mariola Staniak, Jerzy Ksiezak and Jolanta Bojar szczuk Chapter 7 Tomato Fruit Quality from Organic and Conventional Production by Ilic S. Zoran, Kapoulas Nikolaos and ÿunic Ljubomir Chapter 8 Application of Active EM-Calcium in Green Agricultural Production — Case Study in To mato and Flue-cured Tobacco Production by Xiaohou Shao, Tingting Chang, Maomao Hou, Yalu Shao and Jingnan Chen VI Contents Chapter 9 The Suitability of Different Winter and Spring Wheat Varieties for Cultivation in Organic Farming by Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk, Jan Ku s, Krzysztof Jonczyk and Jaroslaw Stalenga Chapter 10 Organic Production of Cash Cereals and Pseudocereals by Franc Bavec Chapter 11 Environmental Aspects Of Organic Farming by Jan Moudryÿ jr. and Jan Moudryÿ Preface Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promotes fair relationships and a good quality of life. This book is a compilation of 11 chapters focused on development of organic agriculture, the role of sustainability in ecosystem and social community, analysis of environmental impacts of the organic farming system and its comparison with the conventional one, crop growing and weed control technologies, organic production, effective microorganisms technology. Continuously, a wide range of research experiments focus on organic agriculture technologies, quality of production, environmental protection and non-chemical, ecologically acceptable alternative solutions. In the book Organic Agriculture Towards Sustainability, contributing researchers cover multiple topics respecting modern, precious organic agriculture research. Chapter 1 Organic Agriculture, Sustainability and Consumer Preferences Terrence Thomas and Cihat Gunden Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58428 1. Introduction1 Scholars acknowledge that early man provided food for himself and his family via gathering what was available to him in his surroundings; he relied on nature for his sustenance. As hunter gatherers, man lacked the capacity to manipulate the environment to produce food beyond the amount that was available naturally. Consequently, there was minimal or no environmen‐ tal impact, the human population remained small and in balance with nature; hunter gatherers’ population could not expand beyond the available sources of food [1-3]. Over time, however, as hunter gatherers learn to cope with their environment and became more adept at gathering food, the population increased, leading to the next stage in the evolution of the food production system—the Neolithic revolution or the development of agriculture. The development of agriculture led to sedentary communities, increase in population size and the specialization of labor, all of which facilitated technological development, i.e., improved tools, dwellings and means for transporting water and materials. In sum, man learned and applied techniques for domesticating animals and plants, or put another way, agriculture was invented. Yet, at this early stage in the practice of agriculture, man’s interaction with his sustenance base could be described as “give and take”; a relationship in which man essentially learned from his experience living in the environment, a sort of ‘symbiotic” relationship with his sustenance base that resulted in little or no adverse environmental impact. Even when there was adverse impact, the population was small and technology environmentally benign, which allowed the sustenance base to recover. The invention of agriculture laid the foundation for the develop‐ ment of civilization, increase in knowledge and man’s capability to manipulate the environ‐ ment. It was not until the birth of modern science and its application to the development of 1 This section of the chapter is drawn extensively on the work of [4-5].