Organic Agricultural Practices: Alternatives to Conventional Agricultural Systems PDF
Preview Organic Agricultural Practices: Alternatives to Conventional Agricultural Systems
Organic Agricultural Practices Organic Agricultural Practices Organic Agricultural Practices E Alternatives to Conventional Agricultural Systems Et Alternatives to Conventional Agricultural Systems Etin AlternaAtisv ewse tcoo mCeo tno vreeanltiizoe nhaolw A dgertriicmueltnutaral cl oSnyvsetnetmionsal agriculture is on local and global tiing OOrrggaanniicc As we come to realize how detrimental conventional agriculture is on local and global ngo OOrrggaanniicc As we coemnvei rtoon rmeaenliztse ahnodw e dceotnriommeinetsa,l ocrognavneinc tipornaaclt icaegsr iacurelt uqruei cisk loy nr eldoecafinl ianngd h golwob aagl riculture gof OOrrggaanniicc envireonnvmirisoe ndnmotsn eaenn tasd r aoenucdno dne octhmoeni eowsmo, roieldrsg., aTonhrigicsa pbnroiacoc pkti rcsaeecsrt viaceerses a qasur eaic nqk luoyiv crekerldvyei erfewind itenofgi ns hoinomgwe h aoogfw rti hcaeug lritmiucrupelo turtraen t offf is done around the world. This book serves as an overview to some of the important f topics in organic agriculture. Beginning with comparisons of the environmental impact f is dotonpe icasr oinu nodrg thaen icw oargldri.c uTlhtuisr eb.o Boekg sinernviensg awsi tahn c oovmeprvaieriwso tnos soofm thee o efn tvhiero inmmpeonrttaanl ti mpact AAggrriiccuullttuurraall PPrraaccttiicceess of organic practices with conventional agriculture, the volume then explores the effects AAggrriiccuullttuurraall PPrraaccttiicceess topics in organic agriculture. Beginning with comparisons of the environmental impact of organic practices with conventional agriculture, the volume then explores the effects AAggrriiccuullttuurraall PPrraaccttiicceess of organic practices on crop productivity, discusses the use of biofertilizers, and of organic practices with conventional agriculture, the volume then explores the effects of oregxaanmicin persa vcatircioesu so np lacrnot pc uplrtoivdaursc tiinv itcyo, ndjiuscnucstisoens wthieth u osreg oafn ibci oafgerritciluizletursre, .a Andls o covered OO of oregxaanmicin persa vcatircieosu so np lacrnot pc uplrtoivdaursc tiinv itcyo, ndjiuscnucstisoens wthieth u osreg oafn bici oafgerritciluizletursre, .a Andls o covered OO examineas rvea trhioeu fso lplolawnitn cgu tlotipvaicrss: in conjunction with organic agriculture. Also covered OO Alternatives to Conventional Agricultural Systems are the following topics: Arr Alternatives to Conventional Agricultural Systems ••••a•re HbTHuVOct•••••oehhsiooorerneegwwmd vHbTnHuVOcoanfi e•••••oivoheopisifnecootno erelrrnerroicglgwwtmodrcago vihsmaHbTnHuVOcoao nigc aweiaeivoehopistiftnenctooetponiny ermeiigrrvnerroicg,ncagnwwiotmodrcag er cvihesmgaiolaa oi nsig cca e cpiaeivsop teatfntpnecntaepnniu t yeomigvfrrogsadoicrg,canlftiolrcag ael urcietheprn smalila fo iuscuagc i c cecpicaesdicteattnprntacttphniru tryomigueii vfsgsaedrt,csacol iftoli eal l urch:etaeelrn leitlaoafniuisucg iu ccecceznssdcseatnpsf rattehrru tr ohue ii fsgsadeetrtohaolcarf tlhiao rluhetase,lrn ietrroafn u ie ggiu.ccueegcepznssdcsssf r thherrtt r su aoehueu i rseetatohaecar tahicns o lrshapse,lseitrr oa t ihee tgui.ugegssepznssoecsssf o.ehrt s au aeh gau otretaohaeaear chacssnoyssfsp,sirr nig t he e tgi.augegsssbsoescpttr o.oheti tsuaaii guaotroaeaoceaeq c acsnsysfpdlclus fnig u lhet ieagsousbto elcpttreo twooeritatmi iugaotoaetisoc aeqc iiosrysbtfdllcltubfnigr e ui lh naezoeusbat lptat reo tweo eritnptmiituioaaettisocin rq iioeorrbtsdlcllntumbfcareu ilhf nenozueatd ilrcac eot twae re.nptm ut iata ttisinl rlniai ioeorarobtcnslntmbcareyishfn nenzse adir cea ce tesa soe.dnp ti adatt n,inlrlnia f eoora ocns n mihcasyssfnt fnens duihra c eocet asseo.sd caeadnt i n,ollnialf oha o cngc ihsinysfsnt fenles reuha e aoeei ssodfs rcceadnesg ipn,otlf uoh igc r ailhlsainsfnattl iflereuihtatt aoenl iunyisf irccvean,esgip torttl yuehi i gac rianl.liangfnat l il erleitctet aen rlciunyif irucrovf,esgp trtreft uyeis ei ewarialn.laagenat lia clittcttesn .rlcuhnyitsiu rovefs, trer tef ye ise ewoainod.aigen a nclvcte fs r.chts eur oefsreef r se ewo odaietancvth fs.hts e eese r o oditnvh f eer the Alternatives to Crganic AgAlternatives to Corganic Agrganic Aglternatives to Conrganic Agganic Agrganic Agr Alternatives to Conventional Agricultural Systems Teahxnpidsna TeaAaienthxngragdpoidrssriiagni ciTeaAclaenugyehxnguagd pln idraltfssrituia in iu cicepclarenugcyralouagadd el laltlfs rl.itlusi Sni uuicessclErygyctriaolubidads eo lcaltlfi l.tseentii Su ceeossEm ycrioldrolbdadsoeesc rtlil.fbsg ee t i eiesopsEyms yriodr,e l bdeoe aasc sOlnifbg e nttieiespocys y rr.edr,arl geoe oaa uOanvfbg nfetnepocyhy rreis,arl goecu aos uOa nrivm fAoitnepocthrgnaeeisrlgocuorsat ai iorivmvclfAoi neofteuwgfaneisle lcursattra rui iioimvcslAtnor ef euwadgfnaere ll ratar rweuioicPclsnta roeifr uwadtfaasrhmell ytrc rewui-cPpetsttairoeir ocxrataasrehpme-l yc h u ews-cPpet:etsrioir ocxrietnaAeehmpe- scnlhu restipeteecv:esri cxfreierenAeeepne srnlghiraestineeecv:eurtn ifeiernbiAveencd esornlgieaetiensecvtu,t h n ieetrtbivio nocdd efogie ao eentsCtu,ht oah ittbivoiiodl odsd efon fo eerostsCtvha oah yrettoisop dl osn bftni f eo tdortosCvimhaooylrteyoishp dnssn btn i aetdrosvimlaoyl teyshpnsn t i eatdimlol yns al onventioricunventionricuriculventionariculiculticult ArfAieegBslredOicrfAa ieouUerBsclflt edTOhusrfAKa etrieouTeUarirBscfmdHsll edT Oh sySiaE . betnoyuTUr r escfEdHst thThr esyDiEle. etnmyuT I r f TdEHstsiEhe O yDiiEte.lnsid IR n fT EatiahgeOnDenlo d IRdaffT i fuaeOs'stntlhud Rdbod aarseincttnuakdtdtgs i sverwteonuh utdason enw dnwd ht iisneos hacw w lshutyoiosd- ht egow sat- oiuiscn hsigt e yaat onraine ngof edaavr nieern erno vgaciveineeow, rn ov iadtivoeele w rpatvh lltia ieosfnow itnrmh itbinopsog oitt,mhhr tfi aasp nroimmtr tiapnnogtr, t afonot d nal Agriculturalal Agricullturaltural l Agricultutural ural Pural P Ksoyfis mRteoKsobmycfies mhsRtr eeosoeplbmsyycxrftes o tehsRetEr rgeeo,nptl mrsyiscNrantio ehsvmEeg rgee,ptwo mrs iNrafnt foieYiemfnegrgo'l,swgdo mrr Na,k b f wYi,mfsaen o'oosawgcmr crnk,kb ki Ygid,osna owro algcToorcinku,ktug ihgd,fosnyt ro s,aldfToo ocnauU ugioidnfonnnytd ds,lcdiTo v lauUs uuegiynfndrrnytsbsds,ceti i vea ltasUuuyem nn,dcrrn bdssBiegiti va ytosaeuye ns,onacrr t bsBdigongtiayto drneyaa n,s ,oa gr pt BMegongrhgoidrnecyaais .,ouosr ptSMgeoslnhtahgrunayaaceir.,los ap h SMpssnlhua thlausysaace.oeldns h Stcpssintueaihtsloiusad,nce eldn hago atsintu,negtst iu sddf,ynta e.dh ag hratSiet,mnesat h dd,fUstiea hn an hardeghmniato ,va dU stienfshn orneh degsbo iaoi ,vetUd syenfe ornednso ioi vtwdyen rreist iitnyg ltural Pratural S PraPraral SyPraracrac eaaxnstpdee neaaecsxnsdtitpsdvei ete noaaienc sfnsfdt giipsdsvei oetel aoidencc cff dti giawsosei odtlloaoiodneccrfg igkmawosy odwli aoocfcecori gtikmaahory nd wli mofcfdeooi got maohreyr nd die mfcfd o uo sto aohcyrer snaaddemtdtn e uistoo mhcyetrnesaadestantn e uialt o m hcytnbneeaasdoanatn i aol roa ystnkbngee.sdoanar i ool rca ysnkbuge.s loartt iuooorcrspknua.si lcltt uooss rponsaic uclti cososh polso icuacgicssoyh .lsno uSaugchstyrh e.int iSauhohstanr eisn,t iuhfboataenrrise,mt infboia nenwrge,mr ,nif tiaa innwrngmgrd,i ti ainnnggd, and Systemcticystemscticcticestemscticeticetice EdiEtodritor seessss KEidmitborerly Etingoff ss Kimberly Etingoff Kimberly Etingoff ISBN: 978-1-77188-082-4 ISBN: 978-1-77188-0829-40000 ISBN: 978-1-77188-0829-40000 90000 9 781771 880824 9 781771 880824 www.appleacademicpress.com 9 781771 880824 ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES ALTERNATIVES TO CONVENTIONAL AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES ALTERNATIVES TO CONVENTIONAL AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS Edited by Kimberly Etingoff Apple Academic Press TORONTO NEW JERSEY CRC Press Apple Academic Press, Inc Taylor & Francis Group 3333 Mistwell Crescent 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Canada © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20140806 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-0620-9 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reason- able efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com For information about Apple Academic Press product http://www.appleacademicpress.com ABOUT THE EDITOR KIMBERLY ETINGOFF Kimberly Etingoff's background includes city and regional planning, farming, food systems programming, sociology, and urban geography. She studied at the University of Rochester, New York, and Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, and has done extensive field work with food sys- tems and agricultural sociology. She has been writing and editing academ- ic and educational books on topics such as nutrition, farming, and aspects of sociology for more than ten years. CONTENTS Acknowledgment and How to Cite ..................................................xi List of Contributors .......................................................................xiii Introduction ....................................................................................xix Part I: Organic Agricultural Results Compared with Conventional Agriculture 1. Evaluating the Sustainability of a Small-Scale Low-Input Organic Vegetable Supply System in the United Kingdom ...................................1 Mads V. Markussen, Michal Kulak, Laurence G. Smith, Thomas Nemecek, and Hanne Østergård 2. Soil Organisms in Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems .......39 Wagner Bettiol, Raquel Ghini, José Abrahão Haddad Galvão, Marcos Antônio Vieira Ligo, and Jeferson Luiz de Carvalho Mineiro 3. Localizing the Nitrogen Imprint of the Paris Food Supply: The Potential of Organic Farming and Changes in Human Diet ........61 G. Billen, J. Garnier, V. Thieu, M. Silvestre, S. Barles, and P. Chatzimpiros 4. Comparative Growth Analysis of Callistephus Chinensis L. Using Vermicompost and Chemical Fertilizer ................................................. 85 Dulal Chandra Das 5. Comparison of the Farming System and Carbon Sequestration between Conventional and Organic Rice Production in West Java, Indonesia .................................................................................................. 95 Masakazu Komatsuzaki and M. Faiz Syuaib Part II: Biofertilizers 6. Residual Infl uence of Organic Materials, Crop Residues, and Biofertilizers on Performance of Succeeding Mung Bean in an Organic Rice-Based Cropping System .................................................113 Mohammadreza Davari, Shri Niwas Sharma, and Mohammad Mirzakhani viii Contents 7. Evaluation of Biofertilizers in Irrigated Rice: Effects on Grain Yield at Different Fertilizer Rate ....................................................................133 Niño Paul Meynard Banayo, Pompe C. Sta. Cruz, Edna A. Aguilar, Rodrigo B. Badayos, and Stephan M. Haefele 8. Effects of Fertilizer and Plant Density on Yield and Quality of Anise (Pimpinella Anisum L.).................................................................151 Mahdi Faravani, Behjat Salari, Mostafa Heidari, Mohammad Taghi Kashki, and Barat Ali Gholami 9. Microbial Diversity of Vermicompost Bacteria that Exhibit Useful Agricultural Traits and Waste Management Potential .......................159 Jayakumar Pathma and Natarajan Sakthivel Part III: Plant Cultivars in Organic Agriculture 10. Characteristics Important for Organic Breeding of Vegetable Crops .................................................................................209 Jasmina Zdravkovic, Nenad Pavlovic, Zdenka Girek, Milan Zdravkovic, and Dejan Cvikic 11. Collaborative Plant Breeding for Organic Agricultural Systems in Developed Countries ..........................................................................221 Julie C. Dawson, Pierre Rivière, Jean-François Berthellot, Florent Mercier, Patrick de Kochko, Nathalie Galic, Sophie Pin, Estelle Serpolay, Mathieu Thomas, Simon Giuliano, and Isabelle Goldringer 12. Phenotypic Changes in Different Spinach Varieties Grown and Selected under Organic Conditions .....................................................247 Estelle Serpolay, Nicolas Schermann, Julie Dawson, Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren, Isabelle Goldringer, and Véronique Chable Part IV: Environmental Effects of Organic Agriculture 13. Soil Enzyme Activities, Microbial Communities, and Carbon and Nitrogen Availability in Organic Agroecosystems Across an Intensively-Managed Agricultural Landscape .....................................275 Timothy M. Bowles, Veronica Acosta-Martínez, Francisco Calderón, and Louise E. Jackson 14. Nitrate Leaching from Intensive Organic Farms to Groundwater ......................................................................................309 O. Dahan, A. Babad, N. Lazarovitch, E. E. Russak, and D. Kurtzman Contents ix 15. Improving Nitrogen Use Effi ciency in Crops for Sustainable Agriculture .............................................................................................331 Bertrand Hirel, Thierry Tétu, Peter J. Lea, and Frédéric Dubois Author Notes ....................................................................................................375 Index .................................................................................................................379
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