List of Abbreviations A i Ordinary People, Extraordinary Violence List of Abbreviations A iii Ordinary People, Extraordinary Violence Naxalites and Hindu Extremists in India A Chitralekha LONDON NEW YORK AND NEW DEHLI iv A Ordinary People, Extraordinary Violence First published 2012 in India by Routledge 912 Tolstoy House, 15–17 Tolstoy Marg, Connaught Place, New Delhi 110 001 Simultaneously published in the UK by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2012 Chitralekha Typeset by Star Compugraphics Private Limited 5, CSC, Near City Apartments Vasundhara Enclave Delhi 110 096 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-415-62483-1 List of Abbreviations A v For Baba List of Abbreviations A vii Contents List of Tables ix List of Abbreviations xi Glossary xv Preface xvii Acknowledgements xix 1. Introduction: Why Compare Naxalites and Hindu Extremists? 1 2. Left Extremists in Bihar and Jharkhand: Historical Context, Ideology, Organisation Structure and Dynamics 55 3. Committed, Opportunists and Drifters: Redescribing the Naxalites in Jharkhand and Bihar 79 4. Hindu Extremists in Ahmedabad: Who are They and Why are They Ready to Kill Muslims? 125 5. Hindu Extremists in Rural and Adivasi Gujarat: Sardarpura and Palla 208 6. Conclusions 249 Bibliography 312 About the Author 320 Index 321 List of Abbreviations A ix List of Tables 1.1 Census Profile: Life Conditions/Tundi 32 1.2 Census Profile: Life Conditions/Banke Bajar 35 1.3 Census Profile: Life Conditions/Mahuadabr 37 1.4 Census Profile: Life Conditions/Hariharganj 38 1.5 Census Profile: Life Conditions/Khelari 40 1.6 Census Profile: Naroda Ward in Ahmedabad District 44 1.7 Census Profile: Sardarpura Village/Mehsana District 47 1.8 Census Profile: Palla Village/Sabarkantha District 49 3.1 Naxalites/Committed: Socioeconomic Profile 84 3.2 Naxalites/Opportunists: Socioeconomic Profile 91 3.3 Naxalites/Drifters: Socioeconomic Profile 96 4.1 Hindu Extremists/Ahmedabad/Mob Leaders: Socioeconomic Profile 137 4.2 Hindu Extremists/Ahmedabad/Killers: Socioeconomic Profile 151 4.3 Hindu Extremists/Ahmedabad/Rioters: Socioeconomic Profile 167 4.4 Hindu Extremists/Ahmedabad/Local Supporters: Socioeconomic Profile 179 4.5 Hindu Extremists/Ahmedabad/VHP Instigators: Socioeconomic Profile 185 4.6 Hindu Extremists/Ahmedabad/RSS Instigators: Socioeconomic Profile 202 5.1 Hindu Extremists/Mob Leaders/Sardarpura: Socioeconomic Profile 213 5.2 Hindu Extremists/Killers/Sardarpura: Socioeconomic Profile 217 5.3 Hindu Extremists/Local Supporters/Sardarpura: Socioeconomic Profile 223 5.4 Hindu Extremists/VHP Ideological Instigators/Palla: Socioeconomic Profile 233 5.5 Hindu Extremists/RSS Ideological Instigators/Palla: Socioeconomic Profile 237