Order 8900.2B

314 Pages·2016·13.88 MB·English

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ORDER
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION 8900.2B
National Policy
Effective Date:
8/23/16
SUBJ: General Aviation Airman Designee Handbook
1. In 2006, Aviation Safety (AVS) published Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Order VS 1100.2, Managing AVS Delegation Programs, which provided direction for the
management and oversight of AVS delegation programs, including Flight Standards Service
(AFS) designees. During the next 2 years, the AVS Delegation Steering Group, which included
representation from AFS, identified important goals including the integration of AFS designee
policy. An AFS working group, including policy holders for each General Aviation (GA) airman
designee type, was formed to work on this consolidated order. This order contains integrated
procedures for the selection, appointment, oversight, training, renewal, termination, and appeal
of AFS GA airman designees in accordance with Order VS 1100.2.
2. This order contains procedures for authorized GA airman designees and inspectors to
conduct certificate holder oral and practical tests and issue Temporary Airman Certificates.
3. When differences in guidance appear between this order and FAA Order 8900.1, Flight
Standards Information Management System (FSIMS), Volume 13, Flight Standards Designees,
use the document with the most current revision date. This order also applies to all aviation
safety inspectors (ASI) (referred to in this order as ASIs or inspectors) who review and approve
airman applications and testing files for GA airman designees.
John Barbagallo
Deputy Director, Flight Standards Service
Distribution: Electronic Only Initiated By: AFS-600
8/23/16 8900.2B
Table of Contents
Paragraph Page
Chapter 1. General Information
1. Purpose of This Order ...................................................................................................... 1-1
2. Audience .......................................................................................................................... 1-1
3. Where You Can Find This Order ..................................................................................... 1-1
4. What This Order Cancels ................................................................................................. 1-1
5. Explanation of Policy Changes ........................................................................................ 1-2
6. Delegation/Rescission of a Designee Authorization........................................................ 1-2
7. Role of the Designee ........................................................................................................ 1-2
8. Definitions........................................................................................................................ 1-2
9. Office Information and Points of Contact (POC). ........................................................... 1-4
Chapter 2. Selection and Appointment
1. Selection ........................................................................................................................... 2-1
2. Appointment .................................................................................................................... 2-3
3. General Eligibility Requirements .................................................................................... 2-4
Chapter 3. Oversight, Training, and Renewal
1. Oversight .......................................................................................................................... 3-1
2. Initial Training Seminar ................................................................................................... 3-1
3. Recurrent Training ........................................................................................................... 3-2
4. Expiration ......................................................................................................................... 3-3
5. Renewal............................................................................................................................ 3-3
6. Knowledge and Skill ........................................................................................................ 3-4
Chapter 4. Termination and Appeal
1. Termination ...................................................................................................................... 4-1
2. Types of Termination ....................................................................................................... 4-1
3. Termination Letter ........................................................................................................... 4-1
4. Appeal .............................................................................................................................. 4-1
Chapter 5. Privileges, Limitations, and Responsibilities
1. Privileges.......................................................................................................................... 5-1
2. Limitations ....................................................................................................................... 5-2
3. Responsibilities ................................................................................................................ 5-3
Chapter 6. Designated Mechanic Examiner (DME) and Designated Parachute Rigger
Examiner (DPRE) Program
Section 1. DME—General ....................................................................................................... 6-1
1. Additional Requirements for Appointment ..................................................................... 6-1
2. DME Designations Issued................................................................................................ 6-2
3. Designee Materials........................................................................................................... 6-2
4. Security ............................................................................................................................ 6-3
5. FAA Certification Policy ................................................................................................. 6-3
6. Aviation Mechanic Tests ................................................................................................. 6-3
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Table of Contents (Continued)
Paragraph Page
Section 2. DME—Conducting and Grading Tests ................................................................... 6-4
7. Preparation: Conduct a Pretest Interview ........................................................................ 6-4
8. Knowledge and Skill Elements for DME ........................................................................ 6-5
9. Applicant Eligibility......................................................................................................... 6-6
10. Conducting the Tests........................................................................................................ 6-8
11. Evaluating Applicant Performance ................................................................................ 6-10
12. Recording the Results of Tests ...................................................................................... 6-12
13. When the Applicant Passes ............................................................................................ 6-12
14. Applicants Under 18 Years of Age ................................................................................ 6-14
15. When the Applicant Fails............................................................................................... 6-14
16. Issuance of FAA Form 8060-4 by a DME When Oral and Practical Tests are Not
Administered .................................................................................................................. 6-15
17. Reconstruction of a Lost Certification File .................................................................... 6-16
18. Disposition of Files ........................................................................................................ 6-16
Section 3. DPRE—General Information ............................................................................... 6-18
19. Additional Requirements for Appointment ................................................................... 6-18
20. DPRE Designations Issued ............................................................................................ 6-19
21. Designee Materials......................................................................................................... 6-19
22. Security .......................................................................................................................... 6-19
23. FAA Certification Policy ............................................................................................... 6-20
24. Parachute Rigger Tests .................................................................................................. 6-20
Section 4. DPRE—Conducting and Grading Tests ............................................................... 6-20
25. Preparation: Conduct a Pretest Interview ...................................................................... 6-20
26. Knowledge and Skill Elements for DPRE ..................................................................... 6-21
27. Applicant Eligibility....................................................................................................... 6-23
28. Conducting the Tests...................................................................................................... 6-25
29. Evaluating Applicant Performance ................................................................................ 6-26
30. Recording the Results of Tests ...................................................................................... 6-28
31. When the Applicant Passes ............................................................................................ 6-28
32. Applicants Under 18 Years of Age ................................................................................ 6-29
33. When the Applicant Fails............................................................................................... 6-30
34. Issuance of FAA Form 8060-4 by a DPRE When Oral and Practical Tests are Not
Administered .................................................................................................................. 6-31
35. Reconstruction of a Lost Certification File .................................................................... 6-32
36. Disposition of Files ........................................................................................................ 6-32
Chapter 7. Designated Pilot Examiner (DPE) Program
Section 1. General .................................................................................................................... 7-1
1. Additional Qualifications ................................................................................................. 7-1
2. Specific Eligibility Requirements .................................................................................... 7-3
3. Types of Designation ....................................................................................................... 7-7
4. Additional Designations................................................................................................... 7-9
5. Designee COA Letters ................................................................................................... 7-10
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Table of Contents (Continued)
Paragraph Page
Section 2. Conduct Practical Test/Certification Functions .................................................... 7-12
6. General ........................................................................................................................... 7-12
7. Testing Applicants Trained by the Designee ................................................................. 7-16
8. Designee Limitations ..................................................................................................... 7-17
9. Status of Designees During Practical Tests ................................................................... 7-17
10. Aircraft Used for Practical Tests .................................................................................... 7-20
11. Aircraft Equipment ........................................................................................................ 7-22
12. Flight Simulation Training Devices (FSTD) ................................................................. 7-23
13. Engine Shutdown on Multiengine Airplanes During the Practical Test ........................ 7-23
14. Structure of the Practical Test ........................................................................................ 7-24
15. Practical Test Discontinuance ........................................................................................ 7-25
16. Repeating Maneuvers on Practical Tests ....................................................................... 7-26
17. Practical Test Briefings .................................................................................................. 7-26
18. Segmented Practical Tests (Planned) ............................................................................. 7-27
19. Retest in Event of Failure .............................................................................................. 7-27
20. Accidents and Incidents During Practical Tests ............................................................ 7-28
21. PTS ................................................................................................................................. 7-28
22. Prerequisites for Practical Tests ..................................................................................... 7-28
23. Verification of an Applicant’s Identity .......................................................................... 7-33
24. Illegal Substance Conviction ......................................................................................... 7-33
25. Completion of FAA Form 8710-1 ................................................................................. 7-33
26. Preparation of the Certification File .............................................................................. 7-34
27. Review of an Designee’s Decision ................................................................................ 7-35
28. Issuance of FAA Form 8060-4 ...................................................................................... 7-35
29. Limitations ..................................................................................................................... 7-36
30. Issuance of FAA Form 8060-5 ...................................................................................... 7-37
31. Part 141 Stage Checks ................................................................................................... 7-38
32. Blue Seal Certificates ..................................................................................................... 7-38
33. Flight and Duty Time as a DPE ..................................................................................... 7-38
34. Procedures ...................................................................................................................... 7-39
Section 3. Special Emphasis Items ........................................................................................ 7-43
35. Special Emphasis Items ................................................................................................. 7-43
36. Dangers Associated with Simulation of Power Failure in Single-Engine Airplanes
by the Interruption of Fuel Flow .................................................................................... 7-44
37. Pilot External Vigilance (Scan Program) ....................................................................... 7-44
38. Accurate Position Reporting and Collision Avoidance ................................................. 7-45
39. Instrument Flying Skills—Partial Panel ........................................................................ 7-45
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Table of Contents (Continued)
Paragraph Page
Section 4. Flight Reviews and Competency Checks ............................................................. 7-46
40. Flight Reviews and Competency Checks ...................................................................... 7-46
41. Designee or Inspector Participation ............................................................................... 7-46
42. Application for a Flight Review or Competency Check ................................................ 7-46
43. Combining Flight Reviews and Competency Checks ................................................... 7-46
44. Evaluating the Flight Review ......................................................................................... 7-47
45. Length of Review ........................................................................................................... 7-47
46. Logbook Endorsements ................................................................................................. 7-47
47. Recent Instrument Experience under § 61.57 ................................................................ 7-48
48. High Performance Airplane Check under § 61.31(f) ..................................................... 7-49
49. Complex Airplane Check under § 61.31(e) ................................................................... 7-49
50. Self-Launching or Powered Sailplane Flight Checks .................................................... 7-49
51. Night Vision Goggles (NVG) Training, Endorsement, and Qualification for
Pilots and Flight Instructors ........................................................................................... 7-49
Section 5. Conduct a Recreational Pilot Certification, Including Additional
Category/Class Ratings at the Recreational Pilot Certification Level ............................ 7-52
52. General ........................................................................................................................... 7-52
53. Additional Category and Class Ratings ......................................................................... 7-54
54. Upgrading to a Private Pilot Certificate ......................................................................... 7-54
55. Procedures ...................................................................................................................... 7-55
Section 6. Conduct a Sport Pilot Certification ....................................................................... 7-59
56. General ........................................................................................................................... 7-59
57. Procedures ...................................................................................................................... 7-60
Section 7. Conduct a Private Pilot Certification, Including Additional Category/Class
Ratings at the Private Pilot Certification Level ............................................................... 7-63
58. General ........................................................................................................................... 7-63
59. Eligibility Requirements ................................................................................................ 7-63
60. Limitations ..................................................................................................................... 7-65
61. Categories and Classes ................................................................................................... 7-66
62. Recreational Pilot Upgrades .......................................................................................... 7-66
Section 8. Conduct a Commerical Pilot Certification, Including Additional
Category/Class Ratings at the Commerical Pilot Certification Level ............................. 7-67
63. General ........................................................................................................................... 7-67
64. Eligibility Requirements ................................................................................................ 7-67
65. Categories and Classes ................................................................................................... 7-69
66. Instructor Privileges in Lighter-than-Air Aircraft.......................................................... 7-70
67. Complex Airplane Requirements ................................................................................... 7-70
68. Procedures ...................................................................................................................... 7-70
Section 9. Conduct an Airline Transport Pilot Certification, Including Additional
Category/Class Ratings at the Airline Transport Certification Level ............................. 7-75
69. General ........................................................................................................................... 7-75
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Table of Contents (Continued)
Paragraph Page
Section 10. Conduct an Instrument Rating Certification ....................................................... 7-75
70. General ........................................................................................................................... 7-75
71. Eligibility Requirements ................................................................................................ 7-76
72. Types of Instrument Ratings Issued ............................................................................... 7-77
73. Flight Controls ............................................................................................................... 7-77
74. Use of Nonapproved Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) ...................................... 7-77
75. Limitations ..................................................................................................................... 7-78
76. Procedures ...................................................................................................................... 7-78
Section 11. Conduct a Pilot Type Rating Certification ......................................................... 7-82
77. General ........................................................................................................................... 7-82
78. Pilot Type Rating That May Be Performed as Either a Single Pilot or With an SIC .... 7-84
79. Procedures ...................................................................................................................... 7-95
Section 12. Procedures for Issuing a Second-in-Command Pilot Type Rating ..................... 7-99
80. General ........................................................................................................................... 7-99
Section 13. Conduct a Private Pilot Certification for Weight Shift Control and Powered
Parachute, Including Additional Category/Class Ratings at the Private Pilot
Certification Level ........................................................................................................... 7-99
81. General ........................................................................................................................... 7-99
82. Eligibility Requirements ................................................................................................ 7-99
83. Limitations ................................................................................................................... 7-101
84. Categories and Classes ................................................................................................. 7-101
85. Procedures .................................................................................................................... 7-102
Section 14. Conduct a Flight Instructor with a Sport Pilot Rating Practical Test for an
Initial, Renewal, or Reinstatement ................................................................................ 7-106
86. General ......................................................................................................................... 7-106
87. General Procedures Initial Certification ...................................................................... 7-106
88. General Procedures for Renewal or Reinstatement ..................................................... 7-108
89. Denial of Renewal or Reinstatement ........................................................................... 7-108
90. Gold Seal Flight Instructor Certificates ....................................................................... 7-109
91. Category and Class Privileges for a Flight Instructor Certificate with a Sport
Pilot Rating .................................................................................................................. 7-109
92. Procedures .................................................................................................................... 7-110
Section 15. Conduct a Flight Instructor Practical Test for an Initial, Renewal,
Reinstatement Certification, or an Additional Category/Class Rating to a Flight
Instructor Certificate...................................................................................................... 7-113
93. General ......................................................................................................................... 7-113
94. Knowledge Test ........................................................................................................... 7-115
95. Practical Test ................................................................................................................ 7-115
96. Eligibility Requirements .............................................................................................. 7-116
97. General Procedures for Renewal or Reinstatement ..................................................... 7-118
98. Denial of Renewal or Reinstatement ........................................................................... 7-119
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Table of Contents (Continued)
Paragraph Page
99. Gold Seal Flight Instructor Certificates ....................................................................... 7-119
100. Category, Class, and Instrument Ratings Placed on a Flight Instructor Certificate .. 7-120
101. Limitations ................................................................................................................. 7-120
102. Procedures .................................................................................................................. 7-120
Section 16. Conduct Pilot Proficiency Checks as a Pilot Proficiency Examiner ................ 7-125
103. General ....................................................................................................................... 7-125
104. Limitations ................................................................................................................. 7-125
105. Experience Requirements for Designation as a PPE ................................................. 7-126
106. Practical Test .............................................................................................................. 7-127
107. COA Letter................................................................................................................. 7-127
108. Additional Designations............................................................................................. 7-127
109. PIC Proficiency Check Procedures ............................................................................ 7-127
110. Proficiency Check Records ........................................................................................ 7-128
Section 17. Accomplish Designation/Issue Certificates as an ACR, Limited to
Examining Authority under Part 141 ............................................................................ 7-128
111. General ....................................................................................................................... 7-128
112. Selection of ACRs...................................................................................................... 7-129
113. Certification of Graduates .......................................................................................... 7-130
Section 18. Accomplish Designation/Issue Certificates as an ACR Employed Solely by
an FIRC Provider........................................................................................................... 7-130
114. General ....................................................................................................................... 7-130
115. Selection of ACRs...................................................................................................... 7-131
116. Flight Instructor Certificate and Ratings Issued on the Basis of Military
Competence by an MCE ............................................................................................. 7-132
117. Certification of Graduates .......................................................................................... 7-135
Section 19. Accomplish Designation/Conduct Functions as an MCE, FPE, GIE,
FIRE, and RPE .............................................................................................................. 7-136
118. Background ................................................................................................................ 7-136
119. General Information for MCE and FPE Designations ............................................... 7-137
120. Pilot Certificates and Ratings Issued on the Basis of Military Competence by
an MCE ....................................................................................................................... 7-140
121. Compliance with Other Provisions ............................................................................ 7-141
122. Designation of an FIRE ............................................................................................. 7-141
123. Designation of a GIE ................................................................................................. 7-142
124. Designation of an RPE ............................................................................................... 7-143
Section 20. Accomplish Issuance of a U.S. Pilot Certificate Based on a Foreign Pilot
License ........................................................................................................................... 7-144
125. General Information ................................................................................................... 7-144
126. Procedures .................................................................................................................. 7-156
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Table of Contents (Continued)
Paragraph Page
Section 21. IACRA Process ................................................................................................. 7-160
127. General ....................................................................................................................... 7-160
128. Procedures .................................................................................................................. 7-161
Chapter 8. Adminstrative Information
1. Distribution ...................................................................................................................... 8-1
2. Deviations ........................................................................................................................ 8-1
3. Suggestions or Comments................................................................................................ 8-1
Appendix A. Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................ A-1
List of Figures
Figure Page
6-1. Instructions for Completing FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating
Application ................................................................................................................... 6-33
1. Procedures for Completing FAA Form 8610-2 ....................................................... 6-33
2. Privacy Act............................................................................................................... 6-34
3. Complete the Top Section ........................................................................................ 6-35
4. Block I—Applicant Information .............................................................................. 6-35
5. Block II—Certificate or Rating Applied for On Basis of— .................................... 6-39
6. Block III—Record of Experience ............................................................................ 6-41
7. Block IV—Applicant’s Certification ....................................................................... 6-43
8. Block V—I Find This Applicant Meets the Experience Requirements of
14 CFR Part 65 and is Eligible to Take the Required Tests .................................... 6-44
9. For FAA Use Only ................................................................................................... 6-45
10. Results of Oral and Practical Tests ......................................................................... 6-45
11. Designated Examiner’s Report ............................................................................... 6-46
12. Applicant’s Certification ........................................................................................ 6-46
13. FAA Inspector’s Report ......................................................................................... 6-47
6-2A. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application ............................. 6-48
6-2B. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application ............................. 6-49
6-2C. Attachment for FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application .... 6-50
6-2D. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application. ............................ 6-51
6-2E. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application ............................. 6-52
6-2F. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application (Reverse Side) .... 6-53
6-2G. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application (Reverse Side) .... 6-54
6-2H. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application (Reverse Side) .... 6-55
6-2I. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application (Reverse Side) .... 6-56
6-2J. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application (Reverse Side) .... 6-57
6-2K. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application (Reverse Side) .... 6-58
6-2L. FAA Form 8060-4, Temporary Airman Certificate ..................................................... 6-59
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List of Figures (Continued)
Figure Page
6-2M. FAA Form 8060-4, Temporary Airman Certificate ..................................................... 6-60
6-2N. Example Statement of Additional Instructions ............................................................ 6-60
6-2O. Airman Computer Test Report for Aviation Mechanic Airframe (AMA) ................... 6-61
6-2P. Minimum Tool and Equipment List ............................................................................. 6-62
6-3A. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application ............................. 6-70
6-3B. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application (Front Side) ......... 6-71
6-3C. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application (Reverse Side) .... 6-72
6-3D. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application (Reverse Side) .... 6-73
6-3E. FAA Form 8610-2, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application (Reverse Side) .... 6-74
6-3F. Example Statement of Additional Instruction .............................................................. 6-75
6-3G. Airman Computer Test for Parachute Rigger ............................................................... 6-76
6-3H. FAA Form 8060-4, Temporary Airman Certificate ..................................................... 6-77
6-3I. FAA Form 8060-4, Temporary Airman Certificate ..................................................... 6-78
6-3J. FAA Form 8060-4, Temporary Airman Certificate ..................................................... 6-79
6-4A. Airframe and Powerplant Mechanic Oral and Practical Planning Sheet
(Front Side) ................................................................................................................... 6-80
6-4B. Airframe and Powerplant Mechanic Oral and Practical Planning Sheet
(Reverse Side) .............................................................................................................. 6-81
6-4C. Parachute Rigger Oral/Practical Test Planning Sheet .................................................. 6-82
7-1. Experience Required for Initial Designation as a Sport Pilot Examiner ........................ 7-4
7-2A. Experience Required for Initial Designation as Private Pilot Examiner ........................ 7-5
7-2B. Experience Required for Initial Designation as Commercial Pilot Examiner ................ 7-5
7-3A. Experience Required for Initial Designation as a Commercial and Instrument
Rating Examiner ............................................................................................................. 7-6
7-3B. Experience Required for Initial Designation as an Airline Transport Pilot
Examiner ........................................................................................................................ 7-6
7-4. Recent Pilot-in-Command Experience Required ........................................................... 7-7
7-5. Vintage Airplane Groups .............................................................................................. 7-12
7-6. ICAO Level 4 English Language Proficiency Criteria .............................................. 7-163
7-7. Sample FAA Form 8410-1, Airman Proficiency/Qualification Check ...................... 7-164
7-8A. Pilot Examiner Test Guide ......................................................................................... 7-165
7-8B. Sport Pilot Examiner Test Guide ................................................................................ 7-169
7-9A. Sample Letter of Discontinuance (Pilot) .................................................................... 7-173
7-9B. Sample Letter of Discontinuance (Sport Pilot) .......................................................... 7-174
7-10. Airman Knowledge Test Report ................................................................................. 7-175
7-10A. Airman Knowledge Test Report ............................................................................... 7-176
7-11. Letter from Part 141 School with Knowledge Test Examining Authority ................. 7-177
7-12. Sample Transportation Security Administration Approval Letter ............................. 7-178
7-13. FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application (Front) ............... 7-179
7-13A. FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application (Back) .............. 7-180
7-14. Sample of FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating
Application—Sport Pilot (Front Side) ....................................................................... 7-181
7-14A. Sample of FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating
Application—Sport Pilot (Reverse Side) .................................................................. 7-182
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List of Figures (Continued)
Figure Page
7-15. Sample FAA Form 8060-4, Temporary Airman Certificate (Pilot) ........................... 7-183
7-15A. Sample FAA Form 8060-4, Temporary Airman Certificate (Sport Pilot) ................ 7-184
7-16. Center Thrust Limitation ............................................................................................ 7-185
7-17. Sample FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval of Application (Pilot) ................ 7-186
7-17A. Sample FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval of Application (Sport Pilot) ..... 7-187
7-18. Sample Application for a Part 141 Stage Check ........................................................ 7-188
7-19. Sample Recreational Pilot Certificate ........................................................................ 7-189
7-20. Sample Private Pilot Certificate with Recreational Pilot Category Privileges ........... 7-190
7-21. Sample Commercial Pilot Certificate ......................................................................... 7-191
7-22. Sample ATP Certificate with Instrument Privileges Shown ...................................... 7-192
7-23. Sample Second-in-Command Limitation ................................................................... 7-193
7-24. Sample SIC Pilot Type Rating Temporary Airman Certificate ................................. 7-194
7-25. Sample SIC Pilot Type Rating Application for Graduates of Approved
Training Programs (Parts 141/142) ............................................................................ 7-195
7-26. Sample SIC Pilot Type Rating Application for Graduates of Approved
Training Programs (Part 135) ..................................................................................... 7-196
7-27. Sample SIC Pilot Type Rating Application for § 61.55 Applicants .......................... 7-197
7-28. SIC Pilot Type Rating Application Completed by an Authorized Designated
Examiner or an APD .................................................................................................. 7-198
7-29. Sample Gold Seal Flight Instructor Certificate (Pilot) ............................................... 7-199
7-29A. Sample Gold Seal Flight Instructor Certificate with a Sport Pilot Rating ................ 7-200
7-30. Verification of Authenticity Form and Instructions ................................................... 7-200
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