Oral Health Psychology: Psychological Aspects Related to Dentistry PDF
Preview Oral Health Psychology: Psychological Aspects Related to Dentistry
Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry Tiril Willumsen Jostein Paul Årøen Lein Ronald C. Gorter Lena Myran Editors Oral Health Psychology Psychological Aspects Related to Dentistry Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry This textbook series presents the most recent advances in all fields of dentistry, with the aim of bridging the gap between basic science and clinical practice. It will equip readers with an excellent knowledge of how to provide optimal care reflecting current understanding and utilizing the latest materials and techniques. Each volume is written by internationally respected experts in the field who ensure that information is conveyed in a concise, consistent, and readily intelligible manner with the aid of a wealth of informative illustrations. Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry will be especially valuable for advanced students, practitioners in the early stages of their career, and university instructors. More information about this series at https://link. springer. com/bookseries/14362 Tiril Willumsen • Jostein Paul Årøen Lein Ronald C. Gorter • Lena Myran Editors Oral Health Psychology Psychological Aspects Related to Dentistry Editors Tiril Willumsen Jostein Paul Årøen Lein Institute of Clinical Dentistry Levanger Hospital University of Oslo Levanger, Norway Oslo, Norway Lena Myran Ronald C. Gorter Oral health center of expertice Mid-Norway Social Dentistry & Behavioural Sciences Trondheim, Norway Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands ISSN 2524-4612 ISSN 2524-4620 (electronic) Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry ISBN 978-3-031-04247-8 ISBN 978-3-031-04248-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04248-5 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recita- tion, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or informa- tion storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland V Foreword To the authors of the book Oral Health Psychology The book Oral Health Psychology should be a must for both current and future dentists and other oral health professionals. The authors define "oral health psychol- ogy" as a collection of scientific, pedagogical, and professional contributions from psy- chology to the promotion and maintenance of oral health. The book thus contributes to placing oral health as an integral part of general health and well-being. In order to understand and help all patients, dental professionals should have knowledge and skills in communication, disease prevention, and anxiety problems. Oral health psychology also deals with the professionalism in the role of oral health professionals and should therefore be set clearly and included in modern curricula for dental health profession- als. Pål Barkvoll Professor dr.odont. (Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine), President ADEE (Association for Dental Education in Europe), Lincoln Place, Ireland Preface Dentistry aims to provide a dental patient the opportunity to experience good oral health throughout life. In order to achieve this aim, adequate attitudes, knowledge, and skills within the dental team are essential. Traditionally, (bio)medical knowledge and technical/manual skills have been the basis of dental care. The biopsychosocial model has informed us that these perspectives are not sufficient to provide optimal care for all patients. We know today that many patients are at risk of poor oral health due to reduced benefit from traditional dental care. They may not be able to take advice and instructions from dental personnel, they struggle to perform daily oral care, and when showing up in a dental clinic, they fight with anxiety, helplessness, or hopelessness. In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a World Health Assembly Resolution in which it paved the way for better oral healthcare. Together with empha- sizing the need for accessibility to oral care for all, the WHO also stressed the fact that “oral health is a key indicator of overall health, well-being and quality of life.“ The WHO also recommends a shift from the traditional curative approach towards a pre- ventive approach that includes promotion of oral health within the family, schools, and workplaces, and includes timely, comprehensive, and inclusive care within the primary healthcare system. To help patients, dental staff need to include a psychological dimension in their professional field. Within a broader (medical) context, psychological understanding of healthcare-related issues is defined as health psychology. Therefore, following the American Psychological Association’s definition of health psychology, we define oral health psychology as: > “Oral health psychology is the aggregate of scientific, educational, and professional contributions from psychology to the promotion and maintenance of oral health. This includes the prevention and treatment of illness, the identification of etiologic and diagnostic correlates of diminished oral health, and the analysis and improvement of the oral healthcare system and oral health policy formation.” The field of dentistry is ever developing. Dentistry is no longer only about oral dis- eases. In 2016, the World Dental Federation (FDI) redefined oral health as “Oral health is multi-faceted and includes the ability to speak, smile, smell, taste, touch, chew, swal- low and convey a range of emotions through facial expressions with confidence and without pain, discomfort and disease of the craniofacial complex (head, face, and oral cavity). Oral health means the health of the mouth. No matter what your age, oral health is vital to general health and well-being.” The purpose of this definition is to integrate oral health in the patient´s overall health and well-being. The new definition represents a paradigm shift in dentistry. In this paradigm shift, understanding and implementing oral health psychology in daily dental practice is fundamental. The dental health service has emphasized and will continue to place great emphasis on operational treatment of discomfort and/or disease in the craniofacial complex. But modern dentistry also includes seeing the patient as a whole, including psychological issues and challenges that affect oral health. This book aims to give both oral health students and staff a comprehensive intro- duction and understanding in many aspects related to oral health psychology. It will also address many of the challenges faced by oral health staff when meeting patients with different degrees of psychological well-being associated with their oral health and treatment. Hopefully, these perspectives and increased understanding will contribute to fulfill the needs of every patient. VII Preface > Dental patients are not difficult, but they may be in a difficult situation. As editors, we have chosen to refer in the text to other relevant chapters rather than writing the same thing several times, although there may be some overlap. For students, the chapters are presented in a carefully planned order, and it is recommended to read the entire book. For dental and other oral health professionals, or any interested reader, the chapters can often be read separately. For reasons of readability, in the text the word dentist is regularly used just to refer to the dentist, whereas in many cases it is also used to refer to the dental staff in a broader sense. We want this book to contribute to better oral health in patients of all ages, and to help improve collaboration among dental professionals, their patients, and the patients’ caregivers. In addition, we hope that improved knowledge will increase job satisfaction and reduce risk of burnout among dental staff. This book is a result of international collaboration, with authors from various countries and various continents. We would like to thank all authors for their contribu- tions and dedication to help create this book. Tiril Willumsen Oslo, Norway Ronald C. Gorter Amsterdam, The Netherlands Lena Myran Trondheim, Norway Jostein Paul Årøen Lein Levanger, Norway 16. 02. 2022 IX Contents I Basic Oral Health Psychology 1 Basic Oral Health-Related Psychology ................................................................................. 3 Jan-Are K. Johnsen, Adam Rogers, Jan Bergdahl, and Tiril Willumsen 2 The Importance of Trauma- Sensitive Care ........................................................................ 25 Trine Anstorp, Åshild Nupen, and Tiril Willumsen 3 Pain .............................................................................................................................................................. 39 Borrik Schjødt, Maren Lillehaug Agdal, and Margrethe Elin Vika 4 The Importance of a Safe Relationship with Dental Patients ............................... 63 Lena Myran and Tiril Willumsen 5 Oral Health Literacy.......................................................................................................................... 75 Linda Stein, Jan-Are Kolset Johnsen, and Julie Satur 6 Communication in Dentistry: The Four Habits Model ............................................... 87 Jorun Torper, Kjetil Strøm, Ann Catrin Høyvik, and Tiril Willumsen 7 Behaviour Change for Oral Health ......................................................................................... 103 Peter Prescott, Koula Asimakopoulou, and Jostein Paul Årøen Lein 8 Self-Determination Theory – Autonomy Support and Improving Oral Health .......................................................................................................... 113 Anne Elisabeth Münster Halvari II Children 9 Positive Encounters for Children to Prevent Dental Anxiety – Theory and Practice ................................................................................................... 129 Helen Rodd, Anne Rønneberg, Therese Varvin Fredriksen, Ingrid Berg Johnsen, and Zoe Marshman 10 Family Violence and Child Maltreatment ........................................................................... 147 Anne Rønneberg, Jenny Harris, Therese Varvin Fredriksen, and Tiril Willumsen Part II III Dental Anxiety 11 Understanding Development and Persistence of Dental Anxiety .................... 167 Tiril Willumsen, Maren L. Agdal, and Margrethe Elin Vika 12 Psychological Prevention and Management of Dental Anxiety ......................... 179 Tiril Willumsen, Maren L. Agdal, Mariann Saanum Hauge, and Bent Storå X Contents 13 Dentist-Administered CBT for Dental Anxiety ............................................................... 195 Mariann Saanum Hauge, Tiril Willumsen, and Bent Storå 14 Blood–Injury–Injection Phobia ................................................................................................ 207 Maren Lillehaug Agdal, Karin Goplerud Berge, and Margrethe Elin Vika Part III IV Patients with Complex Reactions and Co- morbidity 15 People with Mental Disorders in the Dental Clinic ...................................................... 223 Anne Kristine Bergem 16 How to Deal with Gagging ........................................................................................................... 239 Maren Lillehaug Agdal, Ann Catrin Høyvik, Marianne Hoås Gudmundsen, and Lena Myran 17 Child Sexual Abuse and Oral Health Challenges ........................................................... 259 Tiril Willumsen, Therese V. Fredriksen, Siri Søftestad, and Vibeke Kranstad 18 Providing Dental Care to Torture Survivors ..................................................................... 275 Ann Catrin Høyvik and Marit Irene Woldstad 19 The Psychosocial Impacts of Orofacial Features: With Examples from Orthognathic Surgery ........................................................................................................ 285 Paula Frid, Sarah R. Baker, and Jan-Are Kolset Johnsen Part IV V Professionalism 20 Dental Professionalism and Professional Behaviour in Practice and Education ...................................................................................................................................... 305 Sandra Zijlstra-Shaw and Ronald C. Gorter 21 Living in a Golden Cage? Work Stress, Burnout Risk, and Engagement in Dental Practice: Background and Prevention ................................................................. 315 Ronald C. Gorter, Lena Myran, and Tiril Willumsen 22 Working in Partnership for Better Oral Health Care ................................................... 327 Lena Myran, Jostein Paul Årøen Lein, Margrethe Elin Vika, Ulla Wide, and Wendy Knibbe Supplementary Information Index ............................................................................................................................................................. 345
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