Oral cancer

400 Pages·2012·8.867 MB·English

by  Kalu U E Ogbureke

ORAL CANCER

Edited by Kalu U. E. Ogbureke
Oral Cancer
Edited by Kalu U. E. Ogbureke

Published by InTech
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Copyright © 2012 InTech
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First published March, 2012
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Oral Cancer, Edited by Kalu U. E. Ogbureke
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0228-1

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Epidemiology and Risk Factors 1
Chapter 1 Overview of Oral Cancer 3
Kalu U. E. Ogbureke and Christopher Bingham
Chapter 2 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Aspects 21
Nicolás Bolesina, Fabián L. Femopase,
Silvia A. López de Blanc, Rosana A. Morelatto and María Alicia Olmos
Chapter 3 Oral Cancer – An Overview 47
Raghu Radhakrishnan, Bijayata Shrestha and Dipshikha Bajracharya
Chapter 4 A Literature Analysis of the Risk Factors for Oral Cancer 65
Shih-An Liu
Chapter 5 Oral Cancer and Potentially
Cancerous Lesions – Early Detection and Diagnosis 79
C. S. Farah, P. J. Ford, K. Allen, A. Vu and M. J. McCullough
Chapter 6 Environmental Factors Identified
in the Etiology of Oral Cancers in Taiwan 107
Chi-Ting Chiang, Tsun-Kuo Chang, Ie-Bin Lian,
Che-Chun Su, Kuo-Yang Tsai and Yaw-Huei Hwang
Chapter 7 The Changing Aetiology of Oral Cancer and
the Role of Novel Biomarkers to Aid in Early Diagnosis 129
Michael J. McCullough,
Gareema Prasad, Sarah Zhao and Camile S. Farah
Chapter 8 p53 Mutation and Multiple
Primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas 149
Nur Mohammad Monsur Hassan, Mitsuhiro Tada,
Jun-ichi Hamada, Masanobu Shindoh, Haruhiko Kashiwazaki,
Yutaka Yamazaki, Yuichi Ashikaga, Tetsuya Moriuchi,
Nobuo Inoue and Akira Sasaki
VI Contents

Part 2 Diagnosis and Management 171
Chapter 9 Timing of Oral Cancer Diagnosis:
Implications for Prognosis and Survival 173
Pablo Varela Centelles, Juan Manuel Seoane-Romero, Iria Gómez,
Pedro Diz-Dios, Nilce Santos de Melo and Juan Seoane
Chapter 10 Diagnostic Aids in Oral Cancer Screening 189
Pegah Mosannen Mozafari,
Zahra Delavarian and Nooshin Mohtasham
Chapter 11 Microsurgical Reconstruction of the Oral
Cavity and Oropharynx After Cancer Ablation 209
Mônica Lúcia Rodrigues,
Hugo Fontan Köhler and Luiz Paulo Kowalski
Chapter 12 Salivary Diagnostics in Oral Cancer 227
S. Gokul
Chapter 13 Blood Groups and Oral Lesions Diagnostics 249
Carlos Campi, Livia Escovich, Liliana Racca,
Amelia Racca, Carlos Cotorruelo and Claudia Biondi
Chapter 14 Management of Early-Stage Tongue Cancer 267
Kiyoto Shiga, Katsunori Katagiri,
Ayako Nakanome, Takenori Ogawa and Toshimitsu Kobayashi
Chapter 15 Functional Biomarkers of Oral Cancer 277
Masumi Tsuda and Yusuke Ohba
Part 3 Molecular Pathogenesis 295
Chapter 16 Epigenetic Profiling of Oral Cancer 297
A. Santoro, G. Pannone, S. Papagerakis,
R. Serpico, A. Guida, L. Lo Muzio and P. Bufo
Chapter 17 Model of Chromosomal Instability
in Oral Carcinogenesis and Progression 327
Walter Giaretti
Chapter 18 Expression of Metallothionein in Oral Cancer 339
Dziegiel Piotr, Pula Bartosz and Podhorska-Okolow Marzena
Chapter 19 Reduced Expression of Syndecan-1 in Oral Cancer 359
Takashi Muramatsu
Chapter 20 Epithelial-Mesenchymal
Interactions in Oral Cancer Metastasis 373
Silvana Papagerakis and Giuseppe Pannone

Preface

Human cancers of the oral and oropharyngeal areas have since emerged as significant
public health challenge globally, but particularly so in countries of the Southeast Asia.
Although the oral cavity and oropharynx are as easily accessible as is the population at
risk, early diagnosis has been painfully slow when compared to the enhanced early
detection of cancers of the breast, colon, prostate, and melanoma. As a result, the
mortality rate from oral cancer for the past four decades has remained high, at over
50%, in spite of advances in treatment modalities. This contrasts with a considerable
decrease in mortality rates for cancers of the breast, colon, prostate, and melanoma
during the same period. In spite of increased diligence on the part of the clinicians in
their examination of patients at risk, early diagnosis of oral cancer continues to be
impeded and elusive because of the persistence of outdated paradigms, and the lack of
an easily available diagnostic adjunct. This is particularly evident in the persistent
challenge of deciphering the malignant potentials of the various oral premalignant
lesions (OPLs). In order to increase the early detection of oral cancer with the
attendant increase in survival rates, and OPLs with the likelihood of transition to oral
cancer, there is the need to identify diagnostic screening modalities that accurately
predict the malignant potentials of OPLs.
This book is an attempt to provide a comprehensive, yet reference-friendly, update
encompassing the spectrum of etiologic/risk factors, current clinical diagnostic tools,
management philosophies, and molecular biomarkers and progression indicators of
oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Accordingly, the scope has necessitated the
painstaking contributions, from notable experts drawn from across the globe, of
detailed reviews and nascent research reports on aspects of the subject matter.
For convenience of reference, the book has been divided into three sections: Section I
(Epidemiology and Risk Factors; Chapters 1-8) covers various aspects and
perspectives of the Epidemiology and Etiologic/risk factors of oral and
oropharyngeal cancers, while Section II (Diagnosis and Management; Chapters 9-15)
provides an update of the various diagnostic and treatment modalities. Finally,
Section III (Molecular Pathogenesis; Chapters 16-20) covers highlights on selected
but recent advances on the molecular processes involved in the biology of oral
X Preface

cancer as well as their potential significance in diagnosis, management, and
therapeutic approaches to oral cancer.

Kalu U. E. Ogbureke, BDS, MSc, DMSc, JD, FDSRCS, FDSRCPS(G), FRCPath
College of Dental Medicine
Georgia Health Sciences University
USA