Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology

472 Pages·2017·170.05 MB·English

by  G R Holland

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2015v1.0
Oral Anatomy, Histology
and Embryology
For Elsevier
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Oral Anatomy, Histology
and Embryology
Fifth Edition
B. K. B. Berkovitz BDS, MSc, PhD, FDS (Eng)
Emeritus Reader, Anatomy and Human Sciences, Biomedical and Health Sciences, King’s College,
London, UK and Visiting Professor, Oman Dental College, Oman
G. R. Holland BSc, BDS, PhD, CERT ENDO
Professor, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry and
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
B. J. Moxham BSc, BDS, PhD, FHEA, FRSB, Hon FAS, FSAE
Emeritus Professor of Anatomy, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Contributions on dental radiography
J. Makdissi DDS, MMedSc, FDSRCS (Eng), DDRRCR, FHEA
Clinical Senior Lecturer/ Honorary Consultant in Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Queen Mary
School of Medicine and Dentistry and Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2018
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Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
First edition 1988
Second edition 2002
Third edition 2005
Fourth edition 2009
Fifth edition 2018
ISBN 978-0-7234-3812-0
Int’l ISBN 978-0-7234-3813-7
eISBN 978-0-7020-7452-3
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or
medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In
using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of
others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the
most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each
product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration
of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their
own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the
best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors,
assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products
liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products,
instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
The
publisher’s
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Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface vii
Acknowledgements viii
1. The appearance of the oral cavity 1
2. Dento-osseous structures 9
3. Regional topography of the mouth and related areas 70
4. Vasculature and innervation of the mouth 91
5. Sectional anatomy of the oral cavity and related areas 102
6. Functional anatomy 106
7. Enamel 123
8. Investing organic layers on enamel surfaces 144
9. Dentine 152
10. Dental pulp 176
11. Cementum 195
12. Periodontal ligament 207
13. Alveolar bone 237
14. Oral mucosa 261
15. Temporomandibular joint 293
16. Salivary glands 303
17. Development of the face 323
18. Development of the palate 330
19. Development of the jaws 341
20. Development of the tongue and salivary glands 346
21. Early tooth development 350
22. Amelogenesis 369
23. Dentinogenesis 387
24. Development of the dental pulp 399
25. Development of the root and periodontal ligament 402
26. Development of the dentitions 421
27. Ageing and archaeological and dental anthropological applications of tooth structure 442
Further reading 450
Index 451
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Preface
The fifth edition of our book, although following the form and principles objectives for their learning. Putting aside the issue of whether we wish
established in our earlier editions, has involved us making substantial students to become deep learners rather than superficial or strategic learners
changes to the text and to the imagery. In particular, we have made major for examinations (the authors would prefer deep learning for a learned
revisions to the chapters concerned with functional anatomy, enamel, profession), it would indeed be most useful if internationally there were
alveolar bone, temporomandibular joint, salivary glands, amelogenesis, accepted standards that incorporated ‘core’ knowledge and agreed objectives.
dentinogenesis and anthropological applications of tooth structure. However, Such parameters presently do not exist! We accordingly anguished somewhat
all chapters have undergone revisions, whether to change and update the on the construction of the ‘learning objectives’ within our book. They remain
text or to improve, or add to, the images. For example, for the chapter very generalised at this stage but it is our intention to look very closely
describing the general appearance of the oral cavity we have incorporated at these over the coming years to try to tease out what really is required
many new images and, within the chapter for dento-osseous structures, all of today’s dental students for their education in the dental sciences. We
the images for tooth morphology have been increased in size by 50% in would be most grateful for comments from academics and students on
order to make clearer the features we describe in the text. Line diagrams these issues so that we can better command what should be taught and
for each chapter have all been redrawn for consistency of style across the learned for oral anatomy, histology and embryology. That said, we are
book and there is a brief overview at the beginning and a set of learning totally wedded to the belief that this book should remain ‘encyclopaedic’
objectives at the end of each chapter. Many new references have been in scope, especially when it seems that there increasingly is a shortage
added at the end of each chapter so that students can, where interest takes of teachers in the discipline. Furthermore, dentally-qualified teachers in
them, follow up and expand upon our descriptions and comments. the dental sciences are getting as rare as ‘hens’ teeth’ and hence we have
As for the previous editions, we have retained the considerable number expanded the sections in our book dealing with clinical considerations.
of illustrations so that much of the information we present is in visual Given that many students like to test themselves as they study, we have
form. Indeed, we remain adamant that a single image is ‘worth a thousand provided opportunities for self-assessment at the book’s website.
words’, particularly where photographs and photomicrographs are employed Finally, as we have said in the prefaces for previous editions of this book,
rather than diagrams. In this respect, we still wish students to look at we are extremely grateful to our colleagues who have commented and
‘real’ material, warts and all! criticised our efforts and we welcome further comments and suggestions.
There is much talk in the world of healthcare education about the Indeed, we still ‘do not pretend to be infallible and would ask for indulgence
need to teach ‘core’ material and to provide students with clear sets of if we have strayed from scientific rectitude’.
Acknowledgements
We are most grateful to the numerous colleagues who generously provided Prof. T R Arnett, Dr R J Cook, Prof. M C Dean, Dr L Feinberg, Dr
photographic material for our book and these have been acknowledged A Grigoriadis, Dr J D Harrison, Prof. F Hughes, Prof. E Kidd, Prof. J
in the legends. We acknowledge photographic assistance from Kirkham, Prof. A Linde, Prof. R W A Linden, Dr A Loughlin, Dr H M
Mr M Simons. In addition, we owe a debt of thanks to the following Liversidge, Prof. P R Morgan, Prof. P G Proctor, Prof. A J Sloan, Prof.
researchers for their help and constructive criticisms of the text: T F Watson.