optimization of water and nutrient requirement through drip fertigation in aerobic rice

183 Pages·2013·4.05 MB·English

OPTIMIZATION OF WATER AND NUTRIENT
REQUIREMENT THROUGH DRIP
FERTIGATION IN AEROBIC RICE

GURURAJ KOMBALI
PALB 1167

DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
BENGALURU – 560 065
2013
OPTIMIZATION OF WATER AND NUTRIENT
REQUIREMENT THROUGH DRIP
FERTIGATION IN AEROBIC RICE

GURURAJ KOMBALI
PALB 1167

Thesis submitted to the
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BENGALURU
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of
Master of Science (Agriculture)
in
AGRONOMY
BENGALURU JULY, 2013

DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
GKVK, BENGALURU – 560 065
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled OPTIMIZATION OF
WATER AND NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT THROUGH DRIP
FERTIGATION IN AEROBIC RICE submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE
(AGRICULTURE) in AGRONOMY to the University of Agricultural
Sciences, Bengaluru, is a bonafide record of research work carried out by
Mr. GURURAJ KOMBALI, ID No. PALB 1167 during the period of study
in this university under my guidance and supervision. This thesis has
not previously formed the basis of the award of any other degree,
diploma, associateship, fellowship or any other similar titles.
Bengaluru
July, 2013 NAGARAJU
(MAJOR ADVISOR)

APPROVED BY:
CHAIRMAN: ______________________________
(NAGARAJU)
MEMBERS: 1. ______________________________
(B. C. SHANKARALINGAPPA)
2. ______________________________
(T. SHESHADRI)
3. ______________________________
(G. B. MALLIKARJUNA)
4. ______________________________
(M. N. THIMMEGOWDA)
5. ______________________________
(B. R. JAGADEESH)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With regard full memories……….
Acknowledgement is one the tedious and essential tasks to be
performed before completion of any work. Though it is the least read one,
but still very important one as is the only opportunity to at least thank all
those who rendered assistance directly or indirectly in completion of this
endeavor.
It was my fortune to work under Dr. Nagaraju, Professor and
Head, AICRP on Agroforestry, UAS, Bengluru and Chairman of my
Advisory Committee. I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude and
heartfelt thanks for his able guidance, meritorious support, constant
supervision and genuine counseling in making my efforts focused towards
the pursuit of the study.
It gives me a immense pleasure to express my sincere gratitude
heartfelt thanks to, Dr. B.C. Shankaralingappa, Professor and Head,
Dept. of Agronomy, UAS, Bengaluru, Dr. T. Sheshadri, Professor and Sr.
Tech. Asst., Directorate of Research, UAS, Bengaluru,
Dr. G.B. Mallikarjuna, Associate Professor, Dept. of Agril. Statistics,
UAS, Bengaluru, Dr. M. N. Thimmegowda, Associate Professor, AICRP on
Dryland Agriculture, UAS, Bengaluru, Dr. B.R. Jagadeesh, Associate
Professor, UAS, Dharwad, for their constant help in all aspects, in carrying
out this research work and also for having served as members of my
advisory committee.
It is an immense pleasure to express my sincere thanks to whole the
Dept. of Agronomy, for their continuous guidance, and help.
It seems one use the choicest words to measure the boundless love
and tireless sacrifice of someone. I find no much adequate measures to
quantify all that to my beloved grandma Parvatamma, father
Chanabasappa, mother Shashikala, sisters Soumya and Rekha, uncle
Lingappa, brothers and all my family members who always encouraged
me in all walks of my life.
‘Thanks’ is the worst word in friendship yet, I wish to remember and
never forget in my life the company of affectionate ever loving friends like
Basu, Mallesh, Madhu, Veeresh, Shruthi, Ranjan, Santosh,
Bharath, Padmanabh, Sylvestre, apart from my research buddies
Sanju, Amrutha, Richa whose hands were evident at each and every
moment of tension, anxiety and achievements.
It’s a time to remember my ever irritating buddies Gundu, Arun,
Prakash, Kedar, Santhu, Raghu, Sadashiv, vishwa, shambu, vasu
and juniors Reddy, Gani, Narayan, Hanumanth for their help and support.
On this occasion I don’t want to forget my roomies Ningaraj and
Santhosh for tolerating me.
I shall avail this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to my
senior friends Ashok, Pradeep, Prashant, Shivaraj, Dinesh, Ramulu, Sunil
and Muthuraj and it’s a time to remember my play ground friends Shashi
sir, Vicky sir, Shetty, Soraba, Naga for joining me and writing
unforgettable memories.
I wish to express my heartfelt thanks to AICRP Agroforestry
Bengaluru centre staffs like Mr. L. Venkatesh, Mr. Naveen, Bhagyamma,
Mrs. Hemalatha, Mr. Nagesh, Paruthamma and my special thanks to field
assistant Mr. Manjunath and workers Gowramma, Gangamma and
Gayatri.
Last but not the least, I wish to express my indebtedness to all those
names might have been left over but without whose help my thesis would
not have been seen the light of the day.
Above all, I am extremely thankful and grateful to my almighty God
who has blessed me to be what I am today.
THANK YOU ONE AND ALL……

BENGALURU
JULY, 2013 (GURURAJ KOMBALI)
Optimization of Water and Nutrient Requirement through Drip
Fertigation in Aerobic Rice
GURURAJ KOMBALI
Thesis Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2012, GKVK,
Bengaluru in red sandy loam soil (pH 6.9; OC 0.6 %) with medium
available nitrogen (348 kg ha-1), phosphorous (36.13 kg ha-1) and
potassium (244 kg ha-1) and experiment was laid out in RCBD with
fifteen treatments and replicated thrice. The variety used was MAS 946-
1. The results revealed that drip fertigation at 1.5 PE up to maturity with
100 % RDF through WSF recorded significantly higher plant height
(53.57 cm), number of tillers (48.13 hill-1), leaf area (3529.8 cm2), total
dry matter (118.40 g hill-1), productive tillers (27.77 hill-1), panicle length
(26.17 cm), panicle weight (4.04 g), filled grains (141) and thousand grain
weight (22.33 g) which resulted in higher grain (6598 kg ha-1) and straw
yield (11084 kg ha-1) and accounted 90.1 % increase in grain yield over
surface irrigation with 100 % RDF. Similarly, nutrient uptake (142.58,
36.05 and 92.59 kg NPK ha-1, respectively), water productivity (78.1 kg
ha-cm-1) and water saving (38.6 %) were higher besides higher gross
return (Rs. 135390 ha-1). However, due to higher unit cost of WSF, the
drip fertigation at 1.5 PE up to maturity with 100 % RDF through NF
registered higher net returns (Rs. 72621 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.88) and
hence concluded that drip fertigation at 1.5 PE up to maturity with 100
% RDF through NF found optimum for higher yield and net returns. In
addition, there is a possibility to save 50 % RDF by adopting drip
fertigation.
2013

Department of Agronomy Signature of Major advisor
UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru- 560065 (NAGARAJU)
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE No.
I INTRODUCTION 1
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6
III MATERIAL AND METHODS 40
IV EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 55
V DISCUSSION 105
VI SUMMARY 115
VII REFERENCES 118
APPENDICES
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
TITLE
No. No.
Meteorological data of monthly normal and actual for
1 41
the year 2012 at GKVK, Bengaluru
Physical and chemical properties of soil in the
2 43
experimental site
Plant height (cm) of aerobic rice at various growth
4.1 56
stages as influenced by drip fertigation
Number of tillers per hill of aerobic rice at various
4.2 58
growth stages as influenced by drip fertigation
Leaf area per hill (cm2) of aerobic rice at various growth
4.3 60
stages as influenced by drip fertigation
Leaf Area Index (LAI) of aerobic rice at various growth
4.4 62
stages as influenced by drip fertigation
Leaf Area Duration (days) of aerobic rice at various
4.5 64
growth stages as influenced by drip fertigation
Dry matter accumulation in leaves (g hill-1) at various
4.6 66
growth stages as influenced by drip fertigation
Dry matter accumulation in stem (g hill-1) at various
4.7 68
growth stages as influenced by drip fertigation
Dry matter accumulation in panicle (g hill-1) at various
4.8 70
growth stages as influenced by drip fertigation
Total dry matter production (g hill-1) at various growth
4.9 71
stages as influenced by drip fertigation
Crop Growth Rate (g m-2 day-1) of aerobic rice as
4.10 73
influenced by drip fertigation