Optimal Resource Allocation for Distributed Video Communication

210 Pages·2013·2.47 MB·English

by  Yifeng He

Optimal Resource
Allocation for
Distributed Video
Communication
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Optimal Resource
Allocation for
Distributed Video
Communication
Yifeng He s Ling Guan s Wenwu Zhu
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
K13485_FM.indd 3 5/24/13 11:28 AM
CRC Press
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Version Date: 20130507
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-7516-2 (eBook - PDF)
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© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed on acid-free paper
Version Date: 20130507
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-7514-8 (Hardback)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and
publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication
and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any
copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any
future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information stor-
age or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copy-
right.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222
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vides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a pho-
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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed on acid-free paper
Version Date: 20130507
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-7514-8 (Hardback)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and
publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication
and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any
copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any
future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information stor-
age or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copy-
right.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that pro-
vides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a pho-
tocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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and the CRC Press Web site at
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© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xiii
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Technical Challenges in Distributed Video Communications . 3
1.3 Recent Advances in Optimal Resource Allocation for Dis-
tributed Video Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3.1 Optimal Resource Allocation in P2P Streaming Systems 4
1.3.1.1 P2P Live Streaming Systems . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.1.2 P2P VoD Streaming Systems . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.2 Optimal Resource Allocation for Video Streaming over
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.3 OptimalResourceAllocationforWirelessVisualSensor
Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4 Overview of the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 Optimized Resource Allocation for Scalable Video Commu-
nications 17
2.1 Network-Adaptive Resource Allocation for Scalable Video
Streaming over the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2 QoS-Adaptive Resource Allocation for Scalable Video Trans-
mission over Cellular Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.2.1 Hybrid UEP and Delay-Constrained ARQ for Scalable
Video Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.2.2 Distortion-Minimized Resource Allocation . . . . . . . 30
2.2.3 Power-MinimizedResource Allocation . . . . . . . . . 32
2.3 Power-MinimizedJointPowerControlandResourceAllocation
for Video Communications over Wireless Channels . . . . . . 35
2.3.1 Power-Rate Relationship and Power-Minimized Rate
Allocation for a Single User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.3.2 Power-RateRelationshipandPower-MinimizationRate
Allocation for a Group of Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
v
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
vi Contents
2.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3 Optimal Resource Allocation for P2P Streaming Systems 49
3.1 Overview of P2P Streaming Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.1.1 P2P Live Streaming Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.1.2 P2P VoD Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.2 Distributed Throughput Maximization for Scalable P2P VoD
systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.2.1 Throughput Maximization in Buffer-Forwarding P2P
VoD Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.2.1.1 Problem Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.2.1.2 Distributed Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.2.1.3 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.2.2 Throughput Maximization in Hybrid-Forwarding P2P
VoD Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.2.2.1 Problem Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.2.2.2 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.3 Streaming Capacity for P2P VoD systems . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.3.1 Streaming Capacity for an Independent-Channel P2P
VoD System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.3.2 StreamingCapacityforaCorrelated-ChannelP2PVoD
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.3.2.1 Optimization of Server Upload Allocation
among Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.3.2.2 Cross-Channel Sharing of Peer Upload Band-
width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.3.3 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4 Prefetching Scheme and Substream Allocation in P2P VoD
Applications 89
4.1 Optimal Prefetching Scheme in P2P VoD Applications with
Guided Seeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.1.2 Seeking Statistics Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.1.2.1 Intuitive Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.1.2.2 The Proposed Hybrid Sketches . . . . . . . . 95
4.1.2.3 Estimation of Segment Access Probability. . 97
4.1.3 Optimal Prefetching Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.1.3.1 The Optimal Prefetching Scheme. . . . . . . 97
4.1.3.2 The Optimal Cache Replacement Policy . . . 102
4.1.4 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contents vii
4.1.4.1 Performance Evaluation of Seeking Statistics
Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
4.1.4.2 Performance Evaluation of the Prefetching
Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
4.1.5 Practical Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
4.2 Optimization of Substream Allocation in Layered P2P Appli-
cations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
4.2.1 Optimal Substream Allocation Scheme . . . . . . . . . 112
4.2.1.1 Single-File system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
4.2.1.2 Multi-File system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
4.2.2 Evolution of Video Quality and Peer Population . . . 115
4.2.3 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
5 Video Streaming over Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 123
5.1 System Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
5.1.1 Video Distortion Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
5.1.2 Network Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
5.1.3 Packet Loss Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
5.2 Optimized Video Unicasting over Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 127
5.2.1 Problem Formulation and Distributed Solution . . . . 128
5.2.1.1 Problem Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
5.2.1.2 Distributed Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
5.2.2 Simulation results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
5.3 Optimized Video Multicasting over FDMA Wireless Ad Hoc
Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
5.3.1 Problem Formulation and Distributed Solution . . . . 133
5.3.1.1 Problem Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
5.3.1.2 Distributed Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
5.3.2 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
5.4 Distributed Cross-Layer Optimization for Video Multicasting
over CDMA Wireless Ad Hoc Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
5.4.1 Problem Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
5.4.2 Distributed Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
5.4.2.1 First-Layer Decomposition . . . . . . . . . . 141
5.4.2.2 Second-Layer Decomposition . . . . . . . . . 142
5.4.3 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
5.5 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
6 OptimalResourceAllocationforWirelessVisualSensorNet-
works 157
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
6.2 System Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
viii Contents
6.2.1 Network Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
6.2.2 Channel Error Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
6.2.3 Power Consumption Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
6.2.4 Network Lifetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
6.3 Achievable Maximum Network Lifetime . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
6.3.1 Problem Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
6.3.2 Distributed Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
6.3.3 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
6.4 Maximum Network Lifetime for Large-Delay Applications . . 171
6.4.1 Problem Formulation and Solution . . . . . . . . . . . 171
6.4.2 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
6.5 Maximum Network Lifetime for Small-Delay Applications . . 175
6.5.1 With FEC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
6.5.1.1 Problem Formulation and Solution . . . . . . 175
6.5.1.2 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
6.5.2 Without FEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
6.5.2.1 Transmission Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
6.5.2.2 TradeoffbetweenMaximumNetworkLifetime
and Video Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
6.6 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Index 187
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC