Optics

98 Pages·2003·3.498 MB·English

by  Crowell, Benjamin

Optics
Benjamin Crowell
Book 5 in the Light and Matter series of introductory physics textbooks
www.lightandmatter.com

Optics
The Light and Matter series of
introductory physics textbooks:
1 Newtonian Physics
2 Conservation Laws
3 Vibrations and Waves
4 Electricity and Magnetism
5 Optics
6 The Modern Revolution in Physics
Optics
Benjamin Crowell
www.lightandmatter.com
Light and Matter
Fullerton, California
www.lightandmatter.com
© 1999-2004 by Benjamin Crowell
All rights reserved.
Edition 2.1
rev. 2004-05-19
ISBN 0-9704670-5-2
Brief Contents
1 The Ray Model of Light.................11
2 Images by Reflection, Part I ........ 27
3 Images by Reflection, Part II ....... 35
4 Refraction and Images................. 47
5 Wave Optics .................................. 61
Contents 7
Contents
1 The Ray Model
of Light 11
1.1 The Nature of Light.............................. 12
1.2 Interaction of Light with Matter ............ 15
1.3 The Ray Model of Light ....................... 17
1.4 Geometry of Specular Reflection......... 20
1.5* The Principle of Least Time
for Reflection........................... 22
Summary...................................................... 23
Homework Problems.................................... 24
3 Images by Reflection,
Part II 35
3.1 A Real Image Formed
by a Converging Mirror............. 36
3.2 Other Cases With Curved Mirrors ....... 39
3.3* Aberrations......................................... 43
Summary...................................................... 45
Homework Problems.................................... 46
2 Images by Reflection,
Part I 27
2.1 A Virtual Image .................................... 28
2.2 Curved Mirrors..................................... 29
2.3 A Real Image....................................... 30
2.4 Images of Images................................ 31
Summary...................................................... 33
Homework Problems.................................... 34
8 Contents
4 Refraction and Images Exercises 79
47
Solutions to Selected
4.1 Refraction............................................ 48
Problems 87
4.2 Lenses................................................. 54
4.3* The Lensmaker’s Equation ................ 56
Glossary 89
4.4* Refraction and the Principle
of Least Time......................... 56
Index 91
Summary...................................................... 57
Homework Problems.................................... 58
5 Wave Optics 61
5.1 Diffraction ............................................ 62
5.2 Scaling of Diffraction............................ 63
5.3 The Correspondence Principle............ 64
5.4 Huygens’ Principle............................... 65
5.5 Double-Slit Diffraction.......................... 66
5.6 Repetition ............................................ 70
5.7 Single-Slit Diffraction ........................... 71
5.8(cid:242)* The Principle of Least Time............... 74
Summary...................................................... 75
Homework Problems.................................... 76
Contents 9
10 Contents