Optical Properties of Solids: Papers from the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Optical Properties of Solids Held August 7–20, 1966, at Freiburg, Germany

638 Pages·1969·14.77 MB·English

by  H. Jones (auth.)

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New Spectral and Atomistic Relations in Physics and Chemistry Solids 321
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
OF SOLIDS
Fig. 11. Calculated data of effective lattice anharmonicity Z CN/F(A)
versus experimental data of relative compressibility (1po/uoh=o.
r .
L. Hardness and Lattice Anharmonicity 8]
Hardness determined by scratch or abrasion tests* may be defined as
the energy required to remove a certain volume of material during testing.
We found such hardness data proportional to the lattice cohesive energy
divided by the molecular volume
H = constant x (U fVN) (ergs/cm3) (13.26)
In examining relation (13.26) using the Moss hardness data of about
80 solids, we obtained the graph of Fig. 12. It clearly indicates a split into
two different slopes when H > 4. In explaining this result, we refer to the
anharmonicity curve b of Fig. 7 which in a different fashion is represented in
Fig. 13. This graph indicates two definitive conditions: (1) the cross-over
point between the two types of anharmonic force characteristic at KCl
(argon configuration, X m = unity) and (2) the change-over point between
* In contrast to hardness measuted by indentation techniques.
Optical Physics and Engineering
Series Editor: William L. Wolfe
Honeywell Inc. Radiation Center
Boston, Mass.
1968:
M. A. Bramson
Infrared Radiation: A Handbook for Applications
1969:
Sol Nudelman and S. S. Mitra, Editors
Optical Properties of Solids
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
OF SOLIDS
Edited by
Sol Nudelman and S. S. Mitra
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, Rhode Island
Papers from the
NATO Advanced Study Institute on Optical Properties of Solids
Held August 7-20, 1966, at Freiburg, Germany.
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SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
ISBN 978-1-4757-1125-7 ISBN 978-1-4757-1123-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-1123-3
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To
FRANK L. MATOSSI
1902-1968
Preface
This book is an account of the manner in which the optical phenomena
observed from solids relate to their fundamental properties. Written at the
graduate level, it attempts a threefold purpose: an indication of the breadth
of the subject, an in-depth examination of important areas, and a text for a
two-semester course.
The first two chapters present introductory theory as a foundation for
subsequent reading. The following ten chapters broadly concern electronic
properties associated with semiconductors ranging from narrow to wide
energy gap materials. Lattice properties are examined in the remaining chap
ters, in which effects governed by phonons in perfect crystals, point defects,
their vibrational and electronic spectra, and electron-phonon interactions
are stressed.
Fun and hard work, both in considerable measure, have gone into the
preparation of this volume. At the University of Freiburg, W. Germany, from
August 7-20, 1966, the occasion of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on
"The Optical Properties of Solids," the authors of these various chapters
lectured for the Institute; this volume provides essentially the "Proceed
ings" of that meeting. Many major revisions of original lectures (contrac
tions and enlargements) were required for better organization and presentation
of the subject matter. Several abbreviated chapters appear mainly to indicate
the importance of their contents in optical properties research and to indicate
recently published books that provide ample coverage.
We are indebted to many people: the authors for their efforts and
patience; our host at the University of Freiburg, the late Professor Dr.
F. Matossi, and his assistants (partiCUlarly Dr. H. Teitge); and Professor
c. Polk of the University of Rhode Island, who provided encouragement and
support throughout the preparation of the manuscript. Proofreading and
index preparation were helped by Mr. K. V. Namjoshi and Mr. R. S. Singh,
vii
viii Preface
and secretarial assistance beyond the call of duty was performed by Mrs.
M. Barney.
Most of all, heartfelt thanks go to NATO and to the co-sponsors of the
Institute (the Office of Naval Research and the Advanced Research Projects
Agency). Without the assistance of Dr. H. Arnth-Jensen (NATO), Mr.
F. Isakson (ONR), and Dr. R. Zirkind (ARPA), this Institute could not have
taken place.
s. Nudelman and S. S. Mitra
University of Rhode Island
July 1968
Contents
Chapter 1
Group Theory in Crystal Physics
H. Jones
Chapter 2
Principles and Methods of Band Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
L. Pincherle
Chapter 3
Electric-Susceptibility Mass of Free Carriers in Semiconductors . . . 61
J.R. Dixon
Chapter 4
Magneto-optics 85
S.D. Smith
Chapter 5
Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Semi-
conductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
J. Tauc
Chapter 6
Optical Constants of Insulators: Dispersion Relations . . . . . . . 137
M. Cardona
Chapter 7
Electroreflectance .............. 153
B. O. Seraphin
Ix
x Contents
Chapter 8
Infrared Photoconductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
E.H. Putley
Chapter 9
Excitons. ........................ 197
S. Nikitine
Chapter 10
Excitons in II-VI Compounds ................. 239
D. C. Reynolds
Chapter 11
Luminescence ........................ 287
F. Matossi
Chapter 12
Lattice Vibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
H. Bilz
Chapter 13
New Spectral and Atomistic Relations in Physics and Chemistry of Solids 309
J. N. Plendl
Chapter 14
Infrared and Raman Spectra Due to Lattice Vibrations . . . . . . 333
S.S. Mitra
Chapter 15
Impurity-Induced Lattice Absorption .............. 453
L. Genzel
Chapter 16
Pseudo-Brewster Angle Technique for Determining Optical Constants . 489
R. F. Potter
Chapter 17
Introductory Notes to Electron Spin Resonance Absorption Spectros-
copy ........................... 515
S. A. Marshall
Chapter 18
Electronic Spectra of Molecular Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
D.S. McClure
Contents xi
Chapter 19
Spectra of Ions in Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
D.L. Wood
Chapter 20
Coupling of Modified Modes to Electronic Transitions at Defects . . 595
C. W. McCombie
Chapter 21
Optical Analog of the Mossbauer Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
R. H. Silsbee
Chapter 22
Configurational Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
J. J. Markham
Author Index 627
Subject Index 637