Optical Particle Sizing: Theory and Practice PDF
Preview Optical Particle Sizing: Theory and Practice
Optical Particle Sizing Theory and Practice Optical Particle Sizing Theory and Practice Edited by Gerard Gouesbet and Gerard Greban INSA de Rouen CNRS Associated Laboratory 230 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France Springer Science+B usiness Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Optica! partide sizing: theory and practice 1 edited by Gerard Gouesbet and Gerard Grehan. p. cm. "Proceedings of an international symposium on Optica! Partide Sizing: Theory and Practice, held May 12-15, 1987, in Rouen, France"-T.p. verso. Indudes bibliographies and index. ISBN978-1-4419-3208-2 ISBN 978-1-4757-1983-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-1983-3 1. Partide size determination-Congresses. 2. Partides-Optical properties Congresses. 1. Gouesbet, Gerard. Il. Grehan, Gerard. TA418.8.076 1987 620'.43-dc19 87-29148 CIP Proceedings of an international symposium on Optica! Partide Sizing: Theory and Practice, held May 12-15, 1987, in Rouen, France © 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York Orginally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1988 Softcover reprint oftbe bardcover 1st edition 1988 Ali rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE Optical particle s1z1ng is undoubtedly a fascinating field of research of the utmost practical importance. In the Universe fluids are nearly everywhere, and when they occur they almost invariably contain particles. Inside our bodies we can take the example of blood transporting a vi tal procession of red and white cells. Around us, we can find various particles in the air we breathe, bubbles in the champagne or the soda we drink, or natural and artificial (polluting!) particles in the lakes we swim in. Industrial processes and systems are also concerned with particles, from pulverized coal flames to fluidized beds, in a range of applications involving rocket exhausts, pneuma tic transport and more generally the infinite realm of mul tiphase situations. Such an obviously vast field would require a whole volume like this one merely to attempt to describe it superficially. To be sure, we would need a scientific Prevert to catalogue such an endless inventory. Finally, even outside our terrestrial spaceship particles can be detected in alien atmospheres or between stars. Theorists will enjoy analyzing the richness of light/particle interact.ion, a subject which is very far from being exhausted. Experimental researchers will love designing and studying various probing instruments with a laser source at the input and a computer at the output, two requisites of today' s technological revolution. Others will be fond of using these instruments to learn and to understand the behavior of various systems in industrial processes or geophysical flows or to assimilate the theories needed to probe remote astrophysical situations. The organization of the Rouen Conference adhered to the above filiation, from theory to applications, via measurement techniques. The aim was to bring together for four days experts on the theory of light scattering and the optical sizing of particles in order to emphasize the most significant advances, spread new knowledge and outline future developments. This symposium was motivated by the increasing interest in the field, thus requiring the sharing of mutual experience between scientists working in various areas of physics. Plenary lectures and formal presentations were given, and posters displayed during the whole conference. This volume contains the papers which were presented. As an editor of these proceedings, I was given the privilege (and the responsibility) of writing this preface. However, my main contribution to the conference had been simply to throw out the initial idea of holding it. It would therefore not have been possible without the help of numerous organizations and individuals whom I warmly thank. v Financial support and scientific sponsorship came from Conseil Regional de Haute-Normandie Direction des Recherches Etudes et Techniques Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Rouen Universite de Haute-Normandie Chambre de Commerce et de l'Industrie GAMS/COFERA Optical Society of America Societe Frangaise d'Optique Each of the numerous proposed abstracts was first reviewed by two members of the Advisory Committee, consisting of : Dr. L.P. Bayvel Prof. S.S. Lee Dr. N. Chigier Dr. Ing. B. RUck Prof. D.F.G. Durao Prof. C. Sorensen Prof. S.E. Elgobashi Prof. D.E. Stock Vice Pres. W.M. Farmer Prof. J. Swithenbank Prof. E.D. Hirleman Dr. H.C. Van De Hulst Dr. Ing. R. Kleine Prof. J.H. Whitelaw Dr. J. Lahaye Dr. M.L. Yeoman Prof. M. Ledoux Then, relying on these reviews, the Scientific Committee members Prof. C.F. Bohren Dr. A.R. Jones Prof. F. Durst Prof. M. Kerker Prof. G. Gouesbet Dr. G. Madelaine Prof. c. Imbert Prof. M. Maeda were responsible for the final decision of acceptance. Because of the large number of abstracts received, and their overall high quality, selection was a difficult task. I particularly thank all the committee members who undertook to fulfill this task. A large number of papers were unfortunately not accepted, not because they were found to be poor, but merely because of the limited time available for presentations. I must apologize for these rejections and acknowledge that the authors of the rejected papers had their share in the success of this conference. Special thanks should also be extended to the authors of the plenary lectures (M. Kerker, F. Durst, S. Galant) who introduced the first three days of the conference. A.R. Jones should be warmly commended for having performed the formidable task of compiling all the papers, and getting the gist of them to provide us with a concluding plenary lecture. Besides the assistance of the Scientific Committee and the Advisory Commit tee members, the organization of the symposium was made possible thanks to F. Aubry, P. Bied, A. Fouquer, M. Grebonval, G. Grehan, T. Lecordier, M. Ledoux, M.O. Monnet and A. Souillard. I am particularly indebted to my collaborator G. Grehan (CNRS) and to P. Bied (INSCIR student), who carried out a lot of the work of organizing the scientific program and the social events, and helped me with the large amount of mailing which was necessary in preparing for the conference. I would also like to express my friendly gratitude to P. Valentin, head of the Rauen INSA, who helped us solve the numerous problems that anyone trying to organize a conference is inevitably faced with in those unexpected encounters of the third kind. vi Finally, while gathering the advisory committee, I was shocked to learn that Diran Deirmendjian died suddenly on the 15th june 1986. He is well known by all people working in the field of light scattering. His famous book entitled 'Electromagnetic Scattering on Spherical Polydispersions', published in 1969 by American Elsevier, New York, deserves a privileged place in the bokshelf of anyone working in that field. In agreement with his friends and colleagues, this symposium is dedicated to his memory. Prof. G. GOUESBET ~i CONTENTS Light Scattering Theory a Progress Report ......................... . 1 M. Kerker Mie Scattering Near the Critical Angle ............................... 17 N. Fiedler-Ferrari and H.M. Nussenzveig Scattering of a Gaussian Beam by a Sphere Using a Bromwich Formulation : Case of an Arbitrary Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 G. Gouesbet, B. Maheu, and G. Grehan Effects of Particle Nonsphericity on Light-Scattering 43 P.W. Barber and S.C. Hill Particle Sizing by Inversion of Extinction Data ...................... 55 M. Bertero, C. de Mol, and E.R. Pike Small Angle Light Scattering Patterns from Micrometer-Sized Spheroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 J.C. Ravey Laser Beam Scattering by Individual Spherical Particles : Numerical Results and Application to Optical Sizing 63 B. Maheu, G. Grehan, and G. Gouesbet Extraction of Polydispersity Information in Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ....................................... 89 M. Bertero, P. Boccacci, C. de Mol, and E.R. Pike Particle Size Distributions from Fraunhofer Diffraction 99 M. Bertero, P. Boccacci, C. de Mol, and E.R. Pike Calculation of Calibration Curves for the Phase Doppler Technique : Comparison between Mie Theory and Geometrical Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 S.A.M. Al-Chalabi, Y. Hardalupas, A.R. Jones, and A.M.K.P. Taylor Particle Sizing of Polydisperse Samples by Mie-Scattering ............ 121 0. Glatter and M. Hofer Optimal Scaling of the Inverse Fraunhofer Diffraction Particle Sizing Problem : The linear System Produced by Quadrature ......................................... 135 E.D. Hirleman ix Optimal Filtering Applied to the Inversion of the Laplace Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 147 D.A. Ross Modeling of Multiple Scattering Effects in Fraunhofer Diffraction Particle Size Analysis ............................ 159 E.D. Hirleman LDV-Signals-Analysis for Particle Velocity and Size Detection Using Geometrical Optics ............................ 177 T. Borner and L. Zhan Employment of Light Scattering Information to Lay out Optical Measuring Systems for Measurements of Particle Properties ........................................ 193 F. Durst Measurements of Particle Asymmetry Using Cross-Correlation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 J .G. Rarity Lambda Depression/Overlay Histogram Analysis of Poly (Acrylate) as a Function of Added Salt 229 K.S. Schmitz and J-W. Yu Measurement of Small Polydispersities by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ...................................... 241 P.N. Pusey and W. Van Megen Optical Extinction Spectra of Systems of Small Metal Particles with Aggregates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 M. Quinten and U. Kreibig Particle Sizing of Soot in Flat Premixed Hydrocarbon Oxygen Flames by Light Scattering ............................. 259 H. Bockhorn, F. Fetting, A. Heddrich, U. Meyer, and G. Wannemacher An Instrument to Measure the Size, Velocity and Concentration of Particles in a Flow .. ~ ....................... 271 C.F. Hess and F. Li The Phase Doppler Method Analysis and Application ................. 283 W.D. Bachalo Fraunhofer Diffraction by Random Irregular Particles ................ 301 A.R. Jones Application of the Shifrin Inversion to the Malvern Particle Sizer . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 L.P. Bayvel, J.C. Knight, and G.N. Robertson Measurement of Size Distribution in Dense Particle Fields ........... 321 A.A. Hamidi and J. Swithenbank Particle Sizing by Laser Light Diffraction Improvements in Optics and Algorithms 335 D. Kouzelis, S.M. Candel, E. Esposito, and S. Zikikout X Shape, Concentration and Anomalous Diffraction Effects in Sizing Solids in Liquids .................................. 351 D.J. Brown, E.J. Weatherby, and K. Alexander Scattered Light Particle Size Counting Analysis Influence of Shape and Structure.............................. 363 M. Bottlinger and H. Umhauer Visible Infra-Red Double Extinction Measurements in Densely Laden Media, New Progress.......................... 371 G. Gouesbet, P. Gougeon, J.N. Le Toulouzan, M. Thioye, and J.B. Guidt Observations of Elastic Angular Scattering from Oriented Single Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 J.D. Eversole, H.B. Lin, and A.J. Campillo Effect of Particle Shape on the Response of Single Particle Optical Counters..................................... 393 J. Gebhart and A. Anselm Forward Scattering Signature of a Spherical Particle Crossing a Laser Beam out of the Beam Waist .................. 411 J.P. Chevaillier, J. Fabre, P. Hamelin, and J.L. Lesne Effects of Shape and Orientation to be Considered for Optical Particle Sizing....................................... 419 R.T. Killinger and R.H. Zerull Application of Top-Hat Laser Beam to Particle Sizing in LDV System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 M. Maeda and K. Hishida Size and Velocity Measurements of Spherical Particles in Multiphase Flows and the Prediction of Absolute Particle Concentrations ............................. 443 K. Bauckhage, H-H. Flogel, and F. Schone An LDA Gating Technique for Bubble Measurement in Dilute Three-Phase Suspension Flows •......................... 455 S.L. Lee, Y.Z. Cheng, and Z.H. Yang Light Scattering by Dust Particles : Experimental Results .......... 465 P. Bliek and P. Lamy Optical Particle Sizing : Digital Video Image Processing Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1 G. Lavergne, Y. Biscos, F. Bismes, and P. Hebrard The Direct Comparison of Three 'In-Flight' Droplet Sizing Techniques for Pesticide Spray Research 483 B.W. Young and W.D. Bachalo An application of an Optical Particle Sizing Method to the Study of the Evaporation of Droplets Diffusing in a Turbulent Flow ................................. 499 H. Burnage and S.J. Yoon xi
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