Optical Chemical Sensors

552 Pages·2006·12.313 MB·English

by  Charles H. Townes (auth.), F. Baldini, A.N. Chester, J. Homola, S. Martellucci (eds.)

Optical Chemical Sensors
NATO Science Series
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Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry – Vol. 224
Optical Chemical Sensors
edited by
F. Baldini
IFAC-CNR,
Florence, Italy
A.N. Chester
Hughes Research Laboratories, Inc.,
Malibu, California, U.S.A.
J. Homola
IREE-Academy of Sciences,
Prague, Czech Republic
and
S. Martellucci
The University of Rome "Tor Vergata",
Rome, Italy
Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Optical Chemical Sensors
Erice, Italy
29 July-10 August 2004
AC.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-4610-3 (PB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4610-0 (PB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-4609-X (HB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4609-4 (HB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-4611-1 (e-book)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4611-7 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2006 Springer
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
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Printed in the Netherlands.
Table of Contents
Preface........................................................................................………........ix
Listofcontributors..................................................………...........................xi
Directors’s list of participants................................................………..........xvii
Editorial......................................................................................……….....xxv
List of ISQE courses.......................................................………...............xxvii
1 Birth of the maser and laser
C.H. Townes.............................................................……….......................1
2 Fiber optic chemical sensors and biosensors: a view back
O.S. Wolfbeis and B.M.Weidgans........................................……….......17
Fundamentals of optical chemical sensing
3 Fundamentals of optoelectronics
A. Dybko............................................................................………...........47
4 Optical fibres for optical sensing
I. Kasik, V. Matejec, M. Chomat, M. Hayer and D. Berkova......…........59
5 Absorption-based sensors
A. Lobnik..........................................................…..............………..........77
v
vi Table of Contents
6 Fluorescence-based sensors
G. Orellana...................................................................……….................99
7 Vibrational spectroscopic sensors
M. Kraft...............…........................................................………............117
8 Chemiluminescence-based sensors
L.J. Blum and C.A. Marquette...........................................…….…........157
9 Sensors based on spectroscopy of guided waves
J. Homola...........................................................................……….........179
10 Planar optical sensors and evanescent wave effects
C.S. Burke, O. Stránik, H.M. McEvoy and B.D. MacCraith...…...........193
11 Interferometry in bio- and chemosensing
G.Gauglitz........................................................................………..........217
12 Surface-enhanced Raman scattering
T. Vo-Dinh and F. Yan....................................................………...........239
13 Planar waveguiding systems for optical sensing
P.V. Lambeck and H.J.W.M. Hoekstra...............................………........261
14 Ultracompact optical sensors based on high index-contrast
photonic structures
A. Driessen, H.J.W.M. Hoekstra, W. Hopman, H. Kelderman,
P.V. Lambeck, J. van Lith, D.J.W. Klunder, R.M. de Ridder,
E. Krioukov and C. Otto...…................…................………………......281
Table of Contents vii
15 Polymers in optical sensors
G.J. Mohr......................................................................………..............297
16 Fundamentals of enzyme-based sensors
M.C. Moreno-Bondi and E. Benito-Peña................................................323
17 Sol-gels for optical sensors
H. Podbielska, A. Ulatowska-Jar(cid:298)a, G. Müller and H.J. Eichler…........353
18 Methods for attachment of antibodies onto optical biosensors
E. Brynda.........................................................................………...........387
Applications of optical chemical sensing
19 The optical nose
D.R. Walt and T. Sternfeld...............................................………...........405
20 Invasive sensors in medicine
F. Baldini.................................................................................................417
21 Biosensors for detection of bioterrorist threats
F.S. Ligler...............................................................................................437
22 Review of methods of optical gas
J.P. Dakin and P. Chambers............................................………............457
23 DNA and protein sensor arrays
C. Preininger...................................................................………............479
viii Table of Contents
24 Sensors for food safety and security
D.B. Papkovsky.........................................................………..................501
25 Optical chemical sensors for cultural heritage
G. Cristoforetti, S. Legnaioli, V. Palleschi, A. Salvetti, E. Tognoni......515
Index.........................................................................................……….......527
PREFACE
Chemical sensing using optics is under extensive research all over the
world and many optical chemical sensors are finding increasing application
in industry, environmental monitoring, medicine, biomedicine and chemical
analysis. This is evidenced by an annual growth in the number of
international scientific conferences in which advances in the field of optical
chemical sensors are reported. These conferences, are, however, focused on
disseminating the latest scientific results rather than providing in-depth
education in the field of optical chemical sensors. In addition, the topic of
optical chemical sensors is only just beginning to find its way into the
curricula of universities and colleges in Europe and in the US. Due to the
prominence that optical sensors are assuming, it has become more and more
important to establish a framework for discussion and interchange, in
addition to traditional conferences, to aid research and education in this
important field.
In the summer of 2004, the NATO A.S.I. on the subject “Optical
Chemical Sensors” was organised in Erice, Sicily. This NATO A.S.I. was
the 40th Course of the International School of Quantum Electronics, under
the auspices of the “Ettore Majorana Foundation and Center for Scientific
Culture” and was directed by Dr. J. Homola of the Institute of Radio
Engineering and Electronic (IREE) of the Academy of Sciences in Prague
and by Dr. F.Baldini of the “Nello Carrara Institute of Applied Physics”
(IFAC-CNR). It is also the fourth course in the framework of the ASCOS
(Advanced Study Course on Optical Chemical Sensors) series, founded in
1999 by Prof. Otto Wolfbeis. This book presents the Proceedings of this
advanced course providing a deep overview of both the fundamentals of
optical chemical sensing and the applications of chemical sensors.
The objective of the NATO A.S.I. was to bring together bright young
(future) scientists, coming from all imaginable fields of expertise related to
optical chemical sensors, to learn from selected researchers and from each
other in an appropriate atmosphere. The course covered all the principal
optical chemical sensor technologies and related fields and provided a
platform to exchange ideas and experience. The objective was accomplished
through teaching theory and basics on a level every participant could follow
and then giving the participant an opportunity to apply the gained
knowledge.
The quality of the course was assured by the presence of 27 lecturers, key
specialists for each topic, coming from 13 different countries (12 European
countries plus the USA).
An outstanding presence was assured by Prof. Charles Townes, one of the
inventors of the laser, who was invited in occasion of the forty-year
celebration of the Nobel Prize award in Physics for the discovery of the
laser. His lecture during the ceremony was one of the most exciting moments
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