Opioids, Bulimia, and Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism

391 Pages·1990·11.37 MB·English

by  Kenneth D. Wild

Opioids, Bulimia,
and Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism
Larry D. Reid
Editor
Opioids, Bulimia,
and Alcohol Abuse
& Alcoholism
With 55 Illustrations
Springer -Verlag
New York Berlin Heidelberg
London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong
Larry D. Reid, PhD
Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
11"ay, New York 12180-3590, USA
Printed on acid-free paper.
© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1990
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Camera-ready copy provided by the editor.
987654321
ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-9002-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-9000-8
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9000-8
Preface
This text is the written form of the proceedings of a satellite
symposium associated with the 1988-meeting of the Society for Neu
roscience. The symposium was held 12 November 1988 in the auditor
ium of the Addictions Research Foundation, Toronto, Canada. The ac
tual writing took place across the months following the symposium.
The symposium was sponsored by the Addictions Research
Foundation, Toronto, Canada, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse
and Alcoholism, U.S.A., and Rensselaer, Troy, NY, U.S.A. Du Pont
Pharmaceuticals provided some financial assistance. Contributors also
received specific support for their own projects and these are ac
knowledged at the end of each chapter.
The accomplishment of science involves the efforts of many
persons and their organizations. That is surely manifest in the work
presented here. Modern science is very expensive and, consequently,
financial resouces must be developed and distributed wisely. Those
who facilitate this basic function have the appreciation of those of us
who need the resources to do our work. There are a large number of
individuals whose names will not appear in these pages that make sub
stantial contributions. We are thankful for their daily contributions. The
people who provide the money, those who distribute it, and those
who help us do our work have the legitimate expectation that the sci
entists who use the resources will use it prudently. We hope that your
expectations are fulfilled, and sincerely appreciate your efforts.
There are some persons who deserve special acknowledge
ment because they contributed a great deal to the entire process from
organizing the symposium to the time when we mailed camera-ready
copy to the publisher. I thank my students, particularly those who are
coauthors of chapters: Kenneth Wild, David Carpenter, Sandy Marglin,
and Christopher Hubbell. I thank Edward Bilsky, my current graduate
assistant. Ken Wild and Chris Hubbell did extensive work in getting
the manuscripts into photographable form. Yizhao Hui and Meta Reid
worked extensively with the references. Meta Reid handled a great
deal of the clerical work associated with the symposium itself. As
usual, I am indebted to Jean Bestle, Betty Osganian and Prpfessor
Robert Baron for their good work associated with making the
v
Department a pleasant place to work. I am deeply appreciative of the
help of these good people.
Christopher Hubbell has worked with me across a number of
years. I acknowledge with pleasure that his hard work and attention to
details have made not only this project but a number of others possi
ble. Chris is a fine colleague who deserves considerable credit for this
work.
I wish to extend a particular note of thanks to each of the con
tributors to this edited book. You made this project enjoyable. You
tolerated my peculiar editorial style, ('ven though you wen' certain I
was being a bit eccentric about such things as nouns being used as
adjectives. You worked very hard for very little direct remuneration. I
hope this progress-report on our joint efforts will help those for whom
we work, our fellows having problems with ingestive disorders. We all
know, however, that our hard work may not payoff because we, in
deed, may have not learned enough. Yet, even without getting direct
rewards and knowing that the outcome is uncertain, you work and
work hard for long periods. I know of few others who work so hard
for their fellows, for so little direct, immediate rewards. It is magnifi
cent, even saintly.
Meta Reid worked extensively on organlzlIlg the symposium
and getting the book together. I thank her for her direct help. Meta
did more. She provided me that good support of friend, lover, and
spouse. To merely say thank you seems terribly insufficient. I gladly
publicly acknowledge her support, with the reservation that such pub
lic acknowledgement can only barely tap the depth of my gratitude.
Thank you, Meta.
Larry Reid
26 October '89
Troy, N.Y.
vi
Table of Contents
Preface ...................................................................................................................................... v
List of Contributors. ............................................................................................................... ix
Section 1 Background ....................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 1 Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa, and Bulimia: A General Overview ................. 3
Kenneth D. Wild and Larry D. Reid
Chapter 2 Alcohol-Abuse and Alcoholism ..................................................................... 23
Larry D. Reid and David J. Carpenter
Chapter 3 The Endogenous Opioidergic Systems ......................................................... 49
Ellen M. Unterwald and R. Suzzane Zukin
Chapter 4 Opioids' Modification of Central Reward Processes .................................. 73
George T. Bain and Conan Kornetsky
Section 2 Opioids and Ingestion ..................................................................................... 89
Chapter 5 Basic Mechanisms of Opioids' Effects on Eating and Drinking ................ 91
Steven J. Cooper and Tim C. Kirkham
Chapter 6 Feeding Modified by Central Applications of Opioids ............................. 111
Larry D. Reid, Kenneth D. Wild and Michael A Bozarth
Section 3 Using Opioid-Antagonists in 1i"eating Bulimia .......................................... 121
Chapter 7 Naltrexone and Bulimia: Initial Observations ........................................... 123
Jeffrey M. Jonas
Chapter 8 Using Drugs to Manage Binge-Eating Among Obese and Normal
Weight Patients .............................................................................................. 131
Sharon A Alger, Michael J. Schwalberg, Jean M. Bigaouette,
Lyn J. Howard and Larry D. Reid
Section 4 Opioids and AA&A, Preclinical Studies ..................................................... 143
Chapter 9 Opioids Modulate Rats' Intakes of Alcoholic Beverages ......................... 145
Christopher L. Hubbell and Larry D. Reid
Chapter 10 Opioids Modulate Rats' Reactivities to Alcohol ....................................... 17 5
Sandra H. Marglin and Larry D. Reid
Section 5 Naltrexone and Alcohol-Dependence ....................................................... 193
Chapter 11 Naltrexone and the lteatment of Alcohol-Dependence: Initial
Observations .................................................................................................. 195
Joseph R. Volpicelli, Charles P. O'Brien, Arthur I. Alterman
and Motoi Hayashida
vii
Section 6 Individual Differences .................................................................................. 215
Chapter 12 Enkephalinergic Involvement in Voluntary Drinking of Alcohol ........... 217
Janice C. Froehlich and TIng-Kai Li
Chapter 13 Endorphins in Individuals with High and Low Risk for Development
of Alcoholism ................................................................................................ 229
Christina Gianoulakis, Panagoula Angelogianni, Michael Meaney,
Joseph Thavundayil and Victor Thwar
Chapter 14 Do Substance-Abuse, Including AlcohOlism, and Bulimia Covary? ...... 247
Jeffrey M. Jonas
Section 7 Prospectives ................................................................................................... 259
Chapter 15 Potential Toxicities of High Doses of Naltrexone in Patients
with Appetitive Disorders ............................................................................ 261
Charles J. Morgan and Thomas R. Kosten
Chapter 16 Prospects for Developing More Specific Antagonists, 1... ........................ 275
Larry D. Reid
Chapter 17 Prospects for Developing More Specific Antagonists, II ......................... 281
Vera M. Kolb
Chapter 18 Summary. ................................................. ,. .................................................... 289
Larry D. Reid
References ........................................................................................................................... 305
viii
List of Contributors
Sharon A. Alger Department of Clinical Nutrition
Albany Medical College
Arthur I. Alterman Addiction Research Center
Department of Psychiatry
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia VA Medical Center
Panagoula Angelogianni Douglas Hospital Research Center &
McGill University
George T. Bain Department of Psychiatry,
Psychopharmacology
Boston University Medical Center
Jean M. Bigaouette Department of Clinical Nutrition
Albany Medical College
Michael A. Bozarth Department of Psychology
SUNY at Buffalo
David J. Carpenter Sterling-Winthrop
Steven J. Cooper Department of Psychology
University of Birmingham (UK)
Janice C. Froehlich Department of Medicine
Indiana University Medical Center
Christina Gianoulakis Douglas Hospital Research Center &
McGill University
Motoi Hayashida Addiction Research Center
Department of Psychiatry
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia VA Medical Center
ix
Lyn J. Howard Department of Clinical Nutrition
Albany Medical College
Christopher L. Hubbell Department of Psychology
Rensselaer & SUNY at Albany
Jeffrey M. Jonas Cape Cod Hospital
Hyannis, MA
Tim C. Kirkham Department of Psychology
University of Birmingham (UK)
Vera M. Kolb Department of Chemistry
University of Wisconsin-Parkside
Conan Kornetsky Department of Psychiatry,
Psychopharmacology
Boston University Medical Center
Thomas R. Kosten Substance Abuse Treatment Unit
Department of Psychiatry
School of Medicine
Yale University
Ting-Kai Li Department of Medicine
Indiana University Medical Center
Sandra H. Marglin Department of Pharmacology
Emory University
Micheal Meaney Douglas Hospital Research Center &
McGill University
Charles J. Morgan Substance Abuse Treatment Unit
Department of Psychiatry
School of Medicine
Yale University
x
Charles P. O'Brien Addiction Research Center
Department of Psychiatry
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia VA Medical Center
Larry D. Reid Department of Psychology
Rensselaer
Michael J. Schwalberg Department of Psychology
SUNY at Albany
Victor Tawar Douglas Hospital Research Center &
McGill University
Joseph Thavundayil Douglas Hospital Research Center &
McGill University
Ellen M. Unterwald The Rockefeller University
Joseph R. Volpicelli Addiction Research Center
Department of Psychiatry
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia VA Medical Center
Kenneth D. Wild Department of Psychology
Rensselaer
R. Suzanne Zukin Department of Neuroscience
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
xi