Ophthalmologic Drug Guide

143 Pages·2007·0.773 MB·English

by  Douglas J. Rhee MD, Kathryn A. Colby MD, PhD, Christopher J. Rapuano MD, Lucia Sobrin MD (auth.)

Ophthalmologic Drug Guide
Ophthalmologic
Drug Guide
Douglas J. Rhee, MD
Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye &
Ear Infi rmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Kathryn A. Colby, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School, Director, Joint Clinical
Research Center, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infi rmary, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
Christopher J. Rapuano, MD
Professor, Jefferson Medical College, Co-Director, Cornea Service,
Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Lucia Sobrin, MD
Instructor, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye & Ear
Infi rmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Douglas J. Rhee, MD Kathryn A. Colby, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School
Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infi rmary Director, Joint Clinical Research Center
Boston, MA02114 Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infi rmary
USA Boston, MA02114
USA
Christopher J. Rapuano, MD
Professor Lucia Sobrin, MD
Jefferson Medical College Instructor
Co-Director, Cornea Service Harvard Medical School
Wills Eye Hospital Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infi rmary
Philadelphia, PA 19107 Boston, MA02114
USA USA
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006930104
ISBN-10: 0-387-33251-0 Printed on acid-free paper.
ISBN-13: 978-0387-33251-2
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written
permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York,
NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in
connection with any formof information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer
software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is
forbidden.
The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if
they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not
they are subject to proprietary rights.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of
going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility
for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied,
with respect to the material contained herein.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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To my lovely wife Tina, for your continual patience and encouragement.
To my father and mother, Dennis and Serena Rhee, for your support and
guidance.
To Susan Rhee for your understanding, and
To all my families– Rhee, Chang, Kim, and Chomakos.
Douglas J. Rhee
To my daughters, Amelia and Lillian, who fi ll my life with joy.
Kathryn A.Colby
To my wonderful wife and best friend, Sara, and
To my terrifi c children, Michael, Patrick, Daniel and Megan.
You keep me sane and constantly remind me of what is important in life.
Christopher J. Rapuano
To my husband and my parents.
Lucia Sobrin
Preface
This pocket reference is designed to assist the eye care professional by provid-
ing current information on the ever-increasing number of ocular pharmaco-
therapeutics. Many different classes of medications are listed, oftentimes with
pertinent facts. This book presents the usual recommended dose for the medi-
cations listed. Clinical judgment should always be used, as all therapy should
be tailored to the individual patient. The intent of this manual is to provide
therapeutic suggestions once the diagnosis is known. We recommend its use
in conjunction with an ophthalmologic reference text, such as the Massachu-
setts Eye & Ear Infi rmary Illustrated Manual of Ophthalmology (Saunders) or
the The Wills Eye Manual: Offi ce and Emergency Room Diagnosis and Treat-
ment of Eye Disease(LippincottWilliams & Wilkins). A more complete listing
of all mechanisms, side effects, and drug interactions can be found in the
product insert, the Physicians’ Desk Reference, and the Physicians’ Desk Refer-
ence for Ophthalmology, and these should be consulted.
Douglas J.Rhee, MD
Kathryn A. Colby, MD, PhD
Christopher J. Rapuano, MD
Lucia Sobrin, MD
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
1 Antibacterial Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Antifungal Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3 Antiviral Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4 Antiparasitic Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5 Antiglaucoma Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6 Neuro-Ophthalmology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
7 Anti-Infl ammatory Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
8 Mydriatics, Cycloplegics, and Reversal Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
9 Lubricants and Viscoelastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
10 Miscellaneous Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
11 Anti-Angiogenesis Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
12 Contact Lens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Appendices
Appendix 1: Topical Antibacterial Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Appendix 2: Preparing Fortifi ed Topical Antibiotics and
Oral Acetazolamide Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Appendix 3: Antifungal Activity Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Appendix 4: Acyclovir Dosing in Renal Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Appendix 5: Glaucoma Medication Preservatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Appendix 6: Titrating Topical Drops for Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Appendix 7: Dosing Protocol for Verteporfi n (VISUDYNE) . . . . . 133
Product Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Abbreviations
Abbreviation Meaning
Dosing
Qx Every xhours
QOD Every other day
QD Once per day
BID Twice per day
TID Three times per day
QID Four times per day
IV Intravenous Administration
PO Take by mouth
Weights and Measures
mg Milligram
gm Gram
kg Kilogram
m2 Meters mathematically squared (refers to body surface area)
ml Milliliter
U International unit
Formulation
Soln Solution
Susp Suspension
Oint Ointment
Tab Tablet
1. Antibacterial Agents
2 es P.
d steci nd st
e np a n
at ais a aia
Notes 2FortifiedBC2FortifiedBS, except BC againstH. infl uenzae, N meningitidis,N. gono.rrhea ,C. trachomatis Has been reported to be associ with aplastic anemia. Fluoroquinolone -BC; active agand NeiPs. seAreirauginosa N. gBoSn; oarcrthieve against C. trachomatis Fluoroquinolone-BCAminoglycoside -BC; active agand N. gonAoerrruhgeinosa 2Fortified
Dose Q1hr QD-QID Q1 hr Q3–6 hr QHS-Q3 hr QID-Q1/2 hr QHS-QIDQD-QID QID-Q1 hr Q1–6 hr QD-TID hr Q1

ml
U/m
Preparation Soln, 10,000 Oint, 500 U/gSoln, 5% Soln, 0.5% Oint, 1% Soln, 0.3% Oint, 0.3% Oint, 0.5% Soln, 0.3% Soln, 0.3% Oint, 0.3% 1.5% Soln,
1BIOTICS Trade N/A AK-Tracin Ancef Chloromycetin, Chloroptic,Ocu-Chlor Chloromycetin, Chloroptic , Ocu-ChlorCiloxan AK-mycin , Ilotycin Zymar Garamycin , Genoptic , Gentacidin , Gentak, Ocu-mycin, Garamycin , Genoptic , Gentak ,Gentacidin Ocu-mycinN/A
I
T
N
A. TOPICAL A Drug bacitracin cefazolin chloramphenicol cipro floxacin erythromycin gati floxacin gentamicin