(OPG) 3.2.5 Absorbed Dose calculations

52 Pages·2015·1.27 MB·English

يمحرلا نحمرلا الله مسب
ينعت سن هب و
Sudan University of Science and Technology

College of Medical Radiological Science
Radiological Diagnostic Department

Assessment of Radiation Dose Received by Thyroid
Gland during OPG Examinations.

نيكفلل يقبطلا ريوصتلا ءانثأ ةيقردلا ةدغلل ةيعاعشلأا ةعرجلا ميوقت
A thesis submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for BSc
degree in diagnostic radiologic technology.

By:
Toga Taj Aldeen Hashim
Rana Eltayeb Mohammed
Saba Hamdi Hassan
Duha Hamza Abdulgader

Supervisor:
Ass.Professor Mahmoud Mohammed Hamed
Oct.2015
ةيلآا
: ىلاعت لاق

اَن ئْجِ وَْلوَ بِِّرَ تُ امَِلكَ دَفَنَت نَأ لَ بْ َق رُحْ َبْلا دَفَِنَل بِِّرَ تِ امَِلكَ ِِل ادًادَمِ رُحْ َبْلا نَ اكَ وَّْل لُق
ِِ ِِ
اددم هلثبِ
ً َ َ ْ

ميظعلا الله قدص

)109( فهكلا ةروس

I
Dedication

To:
Our parents for their patience and encouragement.
We dedicate the benefits of this humble work to our teachers and supervisor.
Our senior gratitude students and dedications are also extended to our colleagues and
friends to their support, great motivation and encouragement during this research.

II
Acknowledgment

We would like to thank God for everything and our supervisor Ass.Prof. Mahmoud
Mohammed Hamed for his support and hard work and for his patience to let this
work see the light.
Also we are deeply grateful to Khartoum Dental Hospital for their collaboration and
encouragement.

III
Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the thyroid gland dose for the patients during
Roth pan tomography (OPG) examination , The data were collected within one
month from August 2015 to September 2015 in Khartoum dental hospital , only
adult patients ≥18 years were involved in the study, All pregnant and infant patients
were excluded from the study. A dental panoramic Planmeca/Proline XC machine
was used in our study. The aim of the study carried out. to measure patient dose. And
to know the relation between the ESD of the thyroid and Kvp, Mas, age, BMI. The
result related that there is direct relationship between thyroid dose and Kvp and
mAs , every increase in the Kvp or the mAs will increase the ESD to the gland also
thyroid gland dose with BMI of patient will increase the ESD with every increase in
the unit of the BMI .
The mean ± standard deviation of ESD calculated was (3.397±0.4139).

IV
ةساردلا صلخم

نيكفلل لماكلا نانسلأا صحف ءانثأ ضيرملل ةيقردلا هدغلل هيعاعشألاا هعرجلا ريدقتل هساردلا هذه تيرجأ
متو نانسلأل موطرخلا ىفشتسم نم ةساردلا هذه يف ةمدختسملا تانايبلا ىلع لوصحلا مت , يلفسلاو يولعلا
هلجا نم تدعأ يذلا فدهلاو ,2015 ربمتبس ىلا 2015 سطسغا نم ةرتفلا يف تانايبلا ةسارك يف اهعمج
, يلفسلاو يولعلا نيكفلل لماكلا نانسلأا صحف ءانثأ ةيقردلا ةدغلل هيعاعشلأا ةعرجلا ريدقت وه هساردلا
امارونابلا زاهج يف قبطملا دهجلا قرف نيب ةقلاع كانه نأ تتبثا جئاتن ىلع لوصحلا مت ةساردلا هذه نمو
تحضوأ كلذكو قبطملا دهجلا قرف ةدايزب ديزتو ضيرملل ةيقردلا ةدغلا يف ةصتمملا ةيعاعشلأا ةعرجلاو
يضتقت ضيرملا مجح داز املك هنلأ ةصتمملا ةيعاعشلأا ةعرجلا ديزت ضيرملا مجح داز ام لك هنأ جئاتنلا
ديزت يلاتلابو ضرملا صيخشت اهللاخ نم نكمي ةروص ىلع لوصحلل قبطملا دهجلا قرف ةدايز يل ةجوحلا
وأ ةدايز يف مهاسي لا ىضرملا رامعأ فلاتخا نأ جئاتنلا نم تظحولو دهجلا قرف ةدايزل ةبسن ةعرجلا
±
. ةيقردلا ةدغلل )3.397±0.4139( يرايعملا فارحنلاا طيسولا هيعاعشلأا هعرجلا ناصقن

V
List of contents

Title Page no.
هيلاا I
Dedication II
Acknowledgment III
Abstract English IV
Abstract Arabic V
List of contents VI
List of tables VIII
List of figures IX
List of abbreviation X
Chapter one
Introduction
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem of ortho-pan-tomography (OPG) technique 3
1.3 Objectives 3
1.4 over view of the study 3
Chapter two
Theoretical Background and Literature Review
2.1 Theoretical Background 4
2.1.1 anatomy review of thyroid gland 4
2.1.2 Physiology of the thyroid gland 5
2.1.3 X-Ray machine components 7
2.1.4 Different atomic processes 8
2.1.5 Properties of X- Rays 10
2.1.6 Radiation dosimetry 11
2.1.7 Radiation quantities 11
2.1.8 Radiation Units 14
2.1.9 Thermo luminescence Dosimeters 17
2..2 Literature Review 18
Chapter three
Materials and Methods
3.1 Materials 21
3.2 Methods 22
Chapter four
Result
4 Result 26

VI
Chapter five
Discussion ,Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Discussion 30
5.2 Conclusion 31
5.3 Recommendation 32
References 33
Appendix 35

VII
List of tables
Table no. Title Page no.
4-1 The descriptive statistics of technical variables used 26
in dose calculation
4-2 The descriptive statistics (rang, min, max, mean± 26

Std.Deviation) of patient related variables
4-3 Correlation between ESD of thyroid and Kvp 27
4-5 Correlation between ESD of thyroid and BMI 28
4-6 Correlation between ESD of thyroid and mAs 29

VIII
List of figures
Figure Title Page no.
no.
Figure Anatomy of the thyroid gland 5
(2.1)
Figure X-Ray tube 8
(2.2)
Figure Bremsstrahlung X-Ray 10
(2.3)
Figure The Characteristic of X-Rays 11
(2.4)
Figure The machine used 21
(3.1)
Figure Radiographic image of orthopantomography (OPG) 26
(3.2)
Figure Correlation between ESD of the thyroid gland and Kvp used 27
(4.1) during
OPG examination
Figure Correlation between thyroid dose and BMI 28
(4.2)
Figure scatter plot shows correlation between ESD of thyroid and 29
(4.3) mAs

IX