Operative Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Operative Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Edited by Daniel B. Jones, MD, MS Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical School Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Steven D. Schwaitzberg, MD, FACS Professor and Chair of Surgery Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The State University of New York Buffalo, New York Art Editor Cara M. Jordan, PhD Provost’s Fellow in the Arts Center for the Humanities Graduate Center, City University of New York New York City, New York CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-0830-2 (Pack- Hardback and eBook) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. 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Identifiers: LCCN 2018013795| ISBN 9781498708302 (pack : book and e-book : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780429426360 (e-book) Subjects: | MESH: Endoscopy--methods Classification: LCC RD33.53 | NLM WO 505 | DDC 617/.057--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018013795 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Foreword xi Preface xiii Editors xv Contributors xvii Section i MiniMALLY inVASiVe SURGeRY in tHe MoDeRn HeALtH cARe enViRonMent 1 Cost implications in minimally invasive surgery 3 Christopher M. Schlachta and Janet Martin 2 Enhanced recovery programs in minimally invasive surgery 7 Nicolò Pecorelli and Liane S. Feldman Section ii FLeXiBLe enDoScoPY 3 Training and privileging surgeons and gastroenterologists in endoscopy 18 Judy Wang and Brian J. Dunkin 4 Anesthetic challenges in the gastrointestinal suites 26 Sheila Ryan Barnett 5 Diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 30 Jaclyn Weirzbicki, Adam Reid, I. Bulent Cetindag, Aman Ali, and John D. Mellinger 6 Diagnostic upper endoscopy II: Endoscopic ultrasound 39 Vaibhav Wadhwa and Douglas Pleskow 7 Dilatation and stenting 45 Matthew R. Pittman and Dean J. Mikami 8 Therapeutic upper endoscopy II: Treatment of Barrett esophagus 50 Boris Kiriazov and Vic Velanovich 9 Therapeutic upper endoscopy III: Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux 55 Edward L. Jones, Kyle A. Perry, and Jeffrey W. Hazey 10 Endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic s ubmucosal dissection, and endoscopic full-thickness resection in the upper gastrointestinal tract 60 D. Tami Yamashita and James Ellsmere 11 Endoscopic procedures for morbid obesity 67 Austin L. Chiang and Marvin Ryou 12 Therapeutic upper endoscopy VI: Revisional bariatric techniques—Suturing, scleraltherapy 71 Hans F. Fuchs, Cristina R. Harnsberger, and Garth R. Jacobsen 13 Therapeutic upper endoscopy VII: Management of perforations and fistula 74 Eleanor C. Fung and Dean J. Mikami 14 Therapeutic upper endoscopy VIII: Management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding 80 Robert Gianotti and Tyler Berzin 15 Diagnostic lower endoscopy I 84 Douglas Horst 16 Lower endoscopy therapeutic dilation and stenting 93 David E. Beck 17 Transanal endoscopic microsurgery 98 John H. Marks and Jean F. Salem vi Contents 18 Transanal minimally invasive surgery 103 Justin J. Kelly, John P. Burke, and Matthew R. Albert 19 Diagnostic lower endoscopy 110 Eleanor C. Fung 20 Endoscopic procedures of the pancreas for complications of pancreatitis 118 Ajaypal Singh and Andres Gelrud 21 Endoscopic procedures of the biliary tree 125 Jeffrey M. Marks and Ping Pan 22 Endoscopy assistance in laparoscopic technique 129 Morris E. Franklin Jr. and Miguel A. Hernandez Section iii nAtURAL oRiFice SURGeRY 23 Transvaginal access for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery 134 Kurt Eric Roberts and Stephanie G. Wood 24 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy 140 Jeffrey L. Ponsky and Avery C. Capone 25 Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia 148 Paul Colavita and Lee L. Swanstrom 26 Transvaginal cholecystectomy 154 Bill Ran Luo and Eric S. Hungness 27 Transvaginal appendectomy 157 Kurt Eric Roberts and Stephanie G. Wood 28 Natural orifice surgery: Colectomy 162 Christy E. Cauley and Patricia Sylla Section iV PRePARAtion FoR MiniMALLY inVASiVe SURGeRY 29 Telementoring in minimally invasive surgery 180 Ian Choy and Allan Okrainec 30 Objective metrics in the simulation of minimally invasive surgery 184 Yusuke Watanabe, Elif Bilgic, Amin Madani, and Melina C. Vassiliou 31 Virtual reality simulation in minimally invasive surgery 188 Suvranu De 32 Training and credentialing in laparoscopy, including the Fundamental Use of Surgical Energy 192 Michael A. Russo, Shawn T. Tsuda, and Daniel J. Scott 33 Measuring quality in minimally invasive surgery 198 Elan R. Witkowski and Matthew M. Hutter 34 How the commitment to patient safety impacts operative practice in minimally invasive surgery 203 Eric Luedke, Dan Azagury, and John Morton 35 Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in minimally invasive cardiac surgery 207 Mario Montealegre-Gallegos and Feroze Mahmood 36 The impact of skills warm-up in minimally invasive surgery 212 James C. Rosser, Jr., Scott Furer, and Neesha Patel 37 The role of mental training in minimally invasive surgery 216 Armando Rosales and Raul J. Rosenthal 38 The ergonomic minimally invasive surgical/endoscopy suite 222 H. Reza Zahiri and Adrian E. Park 39 Energy sources in minimally invasive surgery 228 Amin Madani and Sharon L. Bachman 40 Anesthesia for laparoscopy: What does a surgeon need to know? 233 Cindy M. Ku and Stephanie B. Jones Section V AcceSS AnD iMAGinG in MiniMALLY inVASiVe SURGeRY 41 Access in minimally invasive surgery 238 Margaret E. Clark and Robert B. Lim Contents vii 42 Single port and reduced port access 244 Benjamin Sadowitz, Alexander Rosemurgy, and Sharona Ross 43 Diagnostic laparoscopy for benign and malignant disease 249 Rita A. Brintzenhoff, William S. Richardson, and Dimitrios Stefanidis 44 Laparoscopic ultrasound in surgery 253 Maurice E. Arregui and Piyush Aggarwal 45 Three-dimensional printing development and medical applications 258 Feroze Mahmood and Daniel B. Jones Section Vi MiniMALLY inVASiVe tReAtMent oF eSoPHAGeAL DiSeASe 46 Anatomic and physiologic tests of esophageal function 267 Joel M. Sternbach and Eric S. Hungness 47 360° Fundo 274 Patrick Reardon 48 Laparoscopic partial fundoplication 281 Alex P. Nagle and Kenric M. Murayama 49 Laparoscopic placement of external magnetic a ntireflux ring 286 Yulia Zak and Ozanan Meireles 50 Laparoscopic antireflux esophageal lengthening procedure 289 Leena Khaitan and Abel Bello 51 Laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernia 292 C. Daniel Smith 52 Reoperative surgery after fundoplication 298 Carmen L. Mueller, Lorenzo E. Ferri, and Gerald M. Fried 53 Laparoscopic treatment of achalasia 305 Brian M. Nguyen and Jonathan F. Critchlow 54 Robotic approach to achalasia 310 Alberto S. Gallo and Santiago Horgan 55 Laparoscopic treatment of esophageal diverticula 316 Sarah E. Billmeier and Thadeus L. Trus 56 Laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy for curative intent 321 Moshim Kukar and Steven N. Hochwald 57 Minimally invasive Ivor Lewis method for resection of esophageal cancer 326 John-Paul Bellistri and W. Scott Melvin Section Vii MiniMALLY inVASiVe tReAtMent oF GAStRic DiSeASe 58 Peptic ulcer disease 333 Henry Lin 59 Resection of nonadenomatous gastric tumors 339 Jason K. Sicklick, Michele L. Babicky, and Ronald P. DeMatteo 60 Laparoscopic resection for treatment of gastric cancer 349 Tsuyoshi Etoh, Hajime Fujishima, and Seigo Kitano 61 The laparoscopic placement of feeding tubes 353 Jaisa Olasky Section Viii LAPARoScoPic tReAtMent oF MoRBiD oBeSitY 62 The impact of obesity epidemic: Relationship between body mass index and 30-day mortality risk 358 Sara A. Hennessy and Bruce D. Schirmer 63 Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding 363 Bradley F. Schwack and Jaime Ponce 64 Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 372 David Spector and Scott Shikora 65 Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy 378 Jihui Li, Emanuele Lo Menzo, Samuel Szomstein, and Raul J. Rosenthal viii Contents 66 Laparoscopic management of bariatric surgery complications 381 Sungsoo Park, Hana Alhomoud, Emanuele Lo Menzo, and Raul J. Rosenthal 67 Laparoscopic reoperative bariatric surgery 386 Natan Zundel, Santiago Rodriguez, and Juan D. Hernandez 68 Video-assisted thoracoscopic vagotomy for marginal ulcers 396 Caroline Park and Sidhu Gangadharan 69 Intragastric balloon 400 Alfredo Genco and Ilaria Ernesti Section iX MiniMALLY inVASiVe tReAtMent oF HePAtoBiLiARY DiSeASe 70 Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and intraoperative biliary imaging 408 Robert D. Fanelli, Thomas J. VanderMeer, and Brandon D. Andrew 71 Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration 424 Ezra N. Teitelbaum and Nathaniel J. Soper 72 Laparoscopic left hepatectomy 432 Yasushi Hasegawa and Go Wakabayashi 73 Totally laparoscopic right hepatectomy 435 David Fuks and Brice Gayet 74 Laparoscopic hepatectomy: The Glissonian approach 440 Marcel Autran Cesar Machado 75 Ablative treatment of liver tumors 444 Pascal R. Fuchshuber, John B. Martinie, and David A. Iannitti 76 Robotic approach to hepatic resections 459 Susanne Warner and Yuman Fong 77 Laparoscopic staging for pancreatic malignancy 464 Ammara A. Watkins and Mark P. Callery 78 Robot-assisted minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy 467 Alessandra Storino, Tara S. Kent, and A. James Moser 79 Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple) 474 Ruchir Puri, John A. Stauffer, and Horacio J. Asbun 80 Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy 480 Omar Yusef Kudsi, Lerna Ozcan, and Michel Gagner 81 Laparoscopic surgery of the spleen 485 Namir Katkhouda, Vivian Pham, and Kulmeet Sandhu Section X MiniMALLY inVASiVe APPRoAcH to enDocRine DiSeASe 82 Laparoscopic adrenalectomy 493 Jesse D. Pasternak and Quan-Yang Duh 83 Endoscopic approaches to the thyroid and p arathyroid glands 497 Hyunsuk Suh and William B. Inabnet III 84 Laparoscopic resection of endocrine pancreatic neoplasms 504 Cherif Boutros and John A. Olson Jr. Section Xi MiniMALLY inVASiVe APPRoAcH to DiSeASe oF tHe GAStRointeStinAL tRAct 85 Laparoscopic treatment of diseases of the small bowel 512 Jeffrey N. Harr and Fred Brody 86 Laparoscopic surgery of the appendix 516 Eric Balent and Robert B. Lim 87 Laparoscopic surgery for benign disease of the colon: Diverticulitis 521 Ali Linsk Butash and Ketan Sheth 88 Laparoscopic resection for carcinoma of the colon 524 Jared Wong and James Fleshman Contents ix 89 Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision 529 Yuliya Yurko and Tonia M. Young-Fadok 90 Laparoscopic treatment of inflammatory bowel disease 533 Daniel Shouhed, Gustavo Fernandez-Ranvier, and Barry Salky 91 Robotics in colon and rectal surgery 538 Deborah M. Nagle 92 Hand-assisted colectomy techniques 548 Peter W. Marcello 93 Minimally invasive therapies for fecal incontinence 557 Isacco Montroni, Claire E. Peeples, and Steven D. Wexner Section Xii LAPARoScoPic APPRoAcH to inGUinAL AnD ABDoMinAL WALL HeRniA 94 Laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair 569 Edward L. Felix 94A Technique of transanal-assisted colon resection and rectopexy 573 Karl-Hermann Fuchs, Wolfram Breithaupt, Gabor Varga, Kai Neki, Rebeca Dominguez Profeta, and Santiago Horgan 95 Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair 577 Brian Jacob and Alexandra Argiroff 96 Laparoscopic component separation 582 Russell C. Kirks, Jr. and David A. Iannitti 97 Biomaterial considerations in laparoscopic hernia repair 591 Brent D. Matthews 98 Laparoscopic incisional and ventral hernia repair 596 Bruce J. Ramshaw, Lisa A. Cunningham, and H. Charles Peters 99 Robotic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair 602 Fahri Gokcal and Omar Yusef Kudsi 100 Robotic ventral hernia repair 608 Fahri Gokcal and Omar Yusef Kudsi 101 Laparoscopic repair of recurrent inguinal hernia 617 Brandice Durkan and Edward H. Phillips 102 Laparoscopic repair of sports hernia 620 L. Michael Brunt 103 Laparoscopic robotics 627 Omar Yusef Kudsi, Anthony Gonzalez, Zachary McCabe, and Ernesto Dominguez Section Xiii tHoRAcoScoPY 104 Thoracoscopic surgery of the mediastinum and esophagus 634 Nassrene Y. Elmadhun and Michael Kent 105 Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy 639 Alessandro Brunelli and Tim Batchelor Section XiV otHeR MiniMALLY inVASiVe ABDoMinAL/ RetRoPeRitoneAL PRoceDUReS 106 The role of robotics in minimally invasive urologic surgery 646 Ostap Dovirak and Andrew A. Wagner 107 Laparoscopic nephrectomy for malignancy 651 Aaron Lay and Jeffrey A. Cadeddu 108 Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy 655 Daniel M. Herron 109 Laparoscopic approaches to aortic vascular disease 659 Konstantinos S. Mylonas and Konstantinos P. Economopoulos 110 Laparoscopic median arcuate ligament release 666 William S. Richardson and James Wooldridge