Operative Cardiac Surgery, Sixth Edition PDF
Preview Operative Cardiac Surgery, Sixth Edition
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SUPPORT If you have any questions about downloading Bookshelf, creating your account, or accessing and using your ebook edition, please visit http://support.vitalsource.com/ Rob & Smith’s O perative Cardiac Surgery S I X T H E D I T I O N Rob & Smith’s Operative Surgery Other volumes available in the series Operative Surgery of the Colon, Rectum and Anus 6th Edition P. Ronan O’Connell, Robert D. Madoff, Michael Solomon Operative Thoracic Surgery 6th Edition Larry R. Kaiser, Glyn Jamieson, Sarah K. Thompson Operative Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 3rd Edition John D. Langdon, Mohan F. Patel, Robert Ord, Peter A. Brennan Operative Pediatric Surgery 7th Edition Lewis Spitz and Arnold G. Coran ART EDITOR Gillian Lee FMAA, HonFIMI, AMI, RMIP Gillian Lee Illustrations, 15 Litle Plucketts Way, Buckhurst Hill, Essex, UK Contributing medical artists Kelly Cassidy BA(Hons), MMAA 28 Belton Hill, Fullwood, Preston, Lancashire PR2 3SU Emily Evans BSc (Hons), PGCE, MMAA 21A Stanley Road, London E4 7DB Debbie Maizels BSc(Jt Hons), BA(Hons), CBiol, MRSB, MMAA Tregerry Cottage, Treneglos, Launceston, Cornwall PL15 8UF Amanda Williams BA(Hons), FMAA 86 Hadley Road, Barnet Hertfordshire EN5 5QR Philip Wilson FMAA Tregerry Cottage, Treneglos, Launceston, Cornwall PL15 8UF Thanks and acknowledgement is also given to Beth Croce for use of her drawings in Chapter 7: Expanded use of arterial conduits. Rob & Smith’s O perative Cardiac Surgery S I X T H E D I T I O N Edited by Thomas L. Spray, MD Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Mortimer J. Buckley Jr MD Endowed Chair in Cardiothoracic Surgery The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Professor of Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Philadelphia, PA Michael A. Acker, MD Chief, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Director, Penn Medicine Heart and Vascular Center Julian Johnson Professor of Surgery Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Typeset by Evolution Desi gn & Digital Ltd (Kent) Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4441-3758-3 (Pack: Hardback and ebook) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health-care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering or utilizing any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book. 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For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Spray, Thomas L., editor. | Acker, Michael A. (Michael Andrew), editor. Title: Operative cardiac surgery / edited by Thomas L. Spray, Michael A. Acker. Description: Sixth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018032584| ISBN 9781444137583 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781351175975 (ebook). Subjects: | MESH: Cardiac Surgical Procedures--methods | Heart Diseases—surgery. Classification: LCC RD598 | NLM WG 169 | DDC 617.4/12--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018032584 Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Contributors ix Prologue xvii Preface xix SECTION I PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT 1. Echocardiography for cardiac surgery 3 Jared W. Feinman, Bonnie L. Milas, and Joseph S. Savino 2. Cardiopulmonary bypass: access, technical options and pathophysiology 21 Jack H. Boyd and Albert J. Pedroza 3. Circulatory arrest: retrograde vs antegrade cerebral protection 39 Joshua M. Rosenblum and Edward P. Chen 4. Intraoperative myocardial protection 47 Richard D. Weisel and Terrence M. Yau SECTION II SURGERY FOR ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE 5. On-pump coronary artery bypass grafting 57 Marvin D. Atkins and Matthew L. Williams 6. Off-pump coronary revascularization 73 Gianluca Torregrossa, Timothy Lee, and John D. Puskas 7. Expanded use of arterial conduits 87 Philip A.R. Hayward, Sean D. Galvin, and Brian F. Buxton 8. Reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting 103 Murray H. Kwon and Richard J. Shemin 9. Repair of postinfarction ventricular septal defect 109 Cynthia E. Wagner and Irving L. Kron 10. Robotic total endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting 115 László Göbölös and Johannes Bonatti SECTION III SURGERY FOR VALVULAR HEART DISEASE 11. Aortic valve replacement 125 Ismail El-Hamamsy, Maxime Laflamme, and Louis P. Perrault 12. Minimal access aortic valve surgery 133 Elizabeth H. Stephens and Michael A. Borger 13. TAVR: transfemoral and alternative approaches 143 Chase R. Brown and Wilson Y. Szeto 14. Aortic valve repair 155 George J. Arnaoutakis and Joseph E. Bavaria 15. Mitral valve replacement 165 T. Sloane Guy vi Contents 16. Mitral valve repair 173 Javier G. Castillo and David H. Adams 17. Minimal access mitral valve surgery 189 Arman Kilic, Pavan Atluri and W. Clark Hargrove III 18. Robot-assisted mitral valve surgery 195 Kaushik Mandal and W. Randolph Chitwood Jr. 19. Tricuspid valve surgery 215 Takeyoshi Ota and Valluvan Jeevanandam 20. The pulmonary autograft for aortic valve replacement 227 Zohair Y. Al Halees 21. Valvular endocarditis 239 Nishant Saran and Alberto Pochettino 22. Valve-sparing aortic root replacement 247 Ibrahim Sultan and Thomas G. Gleason SECTION IV SURGERY FOR HEART FAILURE 23. Heart transplantation 255 Arman Kilic and Pavan Atluri 24. Heart–lung transplantation 263 Christian A. Bermudez 25. Lung transplantation 279 Edward Cantu 26. Permanent continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices 291 Erin M. Schumer and Mark S. Slaughter 27. ECMO and temporary mechanical circulatory assistance 297 Christian A. Bermudez and Jeffrey Poynter 28. Left ventricular reconstruction 319 Edwin C. McGee Jr. and Patrick M. McCarthy 29. Surgery for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 327 Robert J. Steffen and Nicholas G. Smedira 30. Congestive heart failure: surgical techniques for functional mitral regurgitation 333 Sarah T. Ward, Alexander A. Brescia, Matthew A. Romano, and Steven F. Bolling SECTION V THORACIC AORTIC DISEASE 31. Ascending aortic aneurysm 343 Ryan P. Plichta and G. Chad Hughes 32. Hybrid aortic arch repair 355 Daniel-Sebastian Dohle and Nimesh D. Desai 33. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms 367 Shinichi Fukuhara and Nimesh D. Desai 34. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair 375 George J. Arnaoutakis and Wilson Y. Szeto 35. Aortic dissection: type A and B 383 Arman Kilic and Prashanth Vallabhajosyula SECTION VI SURGERY FOR CARDIAC RHYTHM DISORDERS AND TUMORS 36. The cut-and-sew Maze-III procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation 395 James L. Cox 37. Cardiac tumors 403 Gabriel S. Aldea and Edward D. Verrier 38. Pacers–BV pacers 409 Michael J. Grushko, Andrew Krumerman, and Joseph J. DeRose Jr. Contents vii SECTION VII SURGERY FOR CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 39. The anatomy of congenital cardiac malformations 419 Robert H. Anderson and Diane E. Spicer 40. Palliative procedures: shunts and pulmonary artery banding 437 David P. Bichell 41. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection and cor triatriatum 455 Jennifer C. Romano and Edward L. Bove 42. Atrial septal defects 465 Peter B. Manning 43. Atrioventricular septal defects 473 Michael O. Murphy and Thomas L. Spray 44. Bidirectional Glenn and hemi-Fontan procedures 481 J. Mark Redmond 45. Fontan procedure for functionally single ventricle and double-inlet ventricle 491 Tara Karamlou and Gordon A. Cohen 46. Double-outlet ventricles 503 Pascal Vouhé, Olivier Raisky, and Yves Lecompte 47. Ebstein’s malformation of the tricuspid valve: surgical treatment and the cone repair 515 Jose Pedro Da Silva 48. Ventricular septal defect 525 Carl Lewis Backer 49. Tetralogy of Fallot 537 Tom R. Karl and Nelson Alphonso 50. Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect 551 V. Mohan Reddy and Frank L. Hanley 51. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction with intact ventricular septum 563 Stephanie Fuller 52. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction 575 Ross M. Ungerleider and Irving Shen 53. Transposition of the great arteries with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction 597 Christo I. Tchervenkov and Pierre-Luc Bernier 54. Transposition of the great arteries with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction 605 Ergin Kocyildirim, Mahesh S. Sharma, and Victor O. Morell 55. Anatomical repair of transposition of the great arteries 609 Francois Lacour-Gayet 56. Congenitally corrected transposition 625 David J. Barron 57. Persistent truncus arteriosus 635 Martin J. Elliott and Victor T. Tsang 58. Persistent ductus arteriosus 647 William M. DeCampli 59. Aortopulmonary window 657 William M. DeCampli 60. Coarctation of the aorta: repair of coarctation and arch interruption 667 Christopher E. Mascio and Erle H. Austin III 61. Congenital anomalies of the aortic arch 683 Nhue Do, Luca Vricella, and Duke E. Cameron 62. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 691 Aaron Eckhauser and Thomas L. Spray 63. Coronary anomalies 703 Julie Brothers and J. William Gaynor 64. Cardiac transplantation for congenital heart disease 715 James A. Quintessenza 65. Lung and heart–lung transplantation for congenital heart disease 721 Charles B. Huddleston and Andrew C. Fiore viii Contents 66. Ventricular assist devices for congenital heart disease 733 David L.S. Morales, Farhan Zafar, and Charles D. Fraser Jr. 67. Congenital mitral valve repair 751 Vladimiro L. Vida, Massimo A. Padalino, and Giovanni Stellin 68. Aortic valve repair 759 Emile Bacha and Paul Chai Index 767
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