Oochoristica piankai sp. n. (Cestoda: Linstowiidae) and Other Helminths of Moloch horridus (Sauria: Agamidae) from Australia

7 Pages·1996·0.87 MB·English

by  Bursey, C R

J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash.
63(2), 1996, pp. 215-221
Oochoristica piankai sp. n. (Cestoda: Linstowiidae) and Other Helminths of
Moloch horridus (Sauria: Agamidae) from Australia
CHARLES R. BURSEY,' STEPHEN R. GOLDBERG,2 AND DAVID N. WooLERY2
'Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Shenango Campus, Sharon, Pennsylvania 16146 (e-
mail: [email protected]), and
2Department of Biology, Whittier College, Whittier, California 90608 (e-mail: [email protected])
ABSTRACT: Oochoristica piankai sp. n., a new linstowiid cestode, discovered in the small intestine of the thorny
devil, Moloch horridus, is described and illustrated. Sixteen specimens of Oochoristica piankai sp. n. were found
in 8 of 104 (8%) Moloch horridus from Australia. Oochoristica piankai sp. n. differs from 3 other Australian
species of Oochoristica from lizards in the number of testes and the shape of the ovary. The presence of the
nematode Parapharyngodon kartana and an encysted larva of Abbreviata sp. are also reported. Moloch horridus
represents a new host record for P. kartana.
KEY WORDS: Oochoristica piankai sp. n., cestode, Parapharyngodon kartana, Abbreviata sp., nematode, Mo-
loch horridus, lizard, Agamidae, Australia.
Only 3 of 74 species of Oochoristica Luhe, Northern Territory (snout-vent length = 86.1 mm ±
1898, a cosmopolitan genus of cestodes, have 14.5 SD). These specimens had been collected between
October 1966 and January 1968 for use in an ecological
been reported previously from reptiles of Aus-
study (Pianka and Pianka, 1970); collection data will
tralia. Taenia trachysauri MacCallum, 1921, was
be found in that report. Because the ecological study
described from specimens discovered in the in- included stomach analysis, only small and large intes-
testine of the Australian lizard Trachydosaurus tines remained with most of the carcasses, but 3 intact
rugosus Gray, in the New York Zoological Gar- stomachs and 5 pyloric stomach regions were present.
Each organ was searched for helminths using a dis-
den. Baer (1927) moved Taenia trachysauri to
secting microscope, and the helminths found were
the genus Oochoristica. Johnston (1932) reported identified utilizing a glycerol wet mount. Five cestodes
O. trachysauri in Trachdoysaurus rugosus. Spas- were stained with Harris' hematoxylin, dehydrated in
skii (1951), however, believed substantial differ- an alcohol series, cleared in xylene, whole-mounted in
Canada balsam, and examined by compound micros-
ences existed between the specimens described
copy. Drawings were made with the aid of a micro-
by MacCallum (1921) and Johnston (1932) and
projector.
established Oochoristica australiensis Spasskii,
1951, for Johnston's specimens. Oochoristica Results
vacuolata Hickman, 1954, was described from
Five nematodes, 4 Parapharyngodon kartana
the lizard Egernia whitii (Lacepede). Three ad- (Johnston and Mawson, 1941) Adamson, 1981,
ditional species of Oochoristica, namely, O. an- and 1 larva of Abbreviata sp., were found in 5
techini Beveridge, 1977, O. eremophila Bever- lizards; 16 cestodes identifiable only to the genus
idge, 1977, and O. nyctophili Hickman, 1954,
Oochoristica were found in 8 lizards. One lizard
have been described from Australian mammals;
(LACM 54223) had a dual infection, namely, 1
but the possession of craspedote proglottids by
cestode and 1 male Parapharyngodon kartana.
O. antechini and the passage of reproductive ducts All infected lizards were from central Western
dorsal to osmoregulatory canals in O. eremophila Australia within the area bounded by 26°14'S-
and O. nyctophili suggests to us that these 3 spe-
28°31'S and 121°00'E-123°15'E. Voucher spec-
cies should be reassigned to the genus Mathev-
imens in vials of alcohol were deposited in the
otaenia Akumyan, 1946. The purpose of this pa-
U.S. National Parasite Collection (USNPC)
per is to describe a new species of Oochoristica
(Beltsville, Maryland): Oochoristica piankai,
that was found in the small intestines of the thorny
84590; Parapharyngodon kartana, 84591; and
devil, Moloch horridus Gray, from Australia and
Abbreviata sp. (larva), 84592. Except where not-
to list other helminth parasites found in this host.
ed, all measurements are in micrometers.
Materials and Methods
Oochoristica piankai sp. n.
One hundred four Moloch horridus from the collec- (Figs. 1^1)
tions of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
County (LACM 54134-54223, 55269-55282) were ex- With characters of the genus: specifically, sco-
amined: 102 from Western Australia and 2 from the lex with 4 suckers and without rostellum or ar-
215
Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
216 JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, 63(2), JUL 1996
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Figures 1-4. Oochoristica piankai sp. n. 1. Anterior portion of cestode, scolex to proglottids with sexual
primordia. 2. Mature proglottid. 3. Gravid proglottid. 4. Uterine capsule with onchosphere.
Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
BURSEY ET AL. - OOCHORISTICA PIANKAI SP. N. FROM MOLOCH HORRID US 217
mature; proglottids acraspedote; genital pores ir- R. Pianka, Denton A. Cooley Centennial Pro-
regularly alternate; genital ducts lie between os- fessor of Zoology, University of Texas at Austin,
moregulatory canals; uterus ephemeral; testes for his pioneering studies on the ecology of Aus-
posterior to vitellarium. tralian lizards.
Description based on 5 specimens; mean mea-
Remarks
surement and range. Total length 60 (40-70) mm;
maximum width of strobila, 1.15 mm; proglottid Comparisons of selected measurements of
number in mature worms 72 (60-80); 16-22 im- Oochoristica piankai sp. n. with 74 species of
mature proglottids wider than long (0.615-0.714 cestodes generally accepted as Oochoristica that
mm by 0.179-0.255 mm), 18-30 mature pro- infect reptiles are presented in Table 1; data were
glottids (0.620-0.750 mm by 0.765-0.893 mm); taken from original papers. Oochoristica piankai
16-28 gravid proglottids longer than wide (0.750- sp. n. belongs to that group of species having
1.147 mm wide by 2.04-6.00 mm long). Scolex circular suckers, 20-40 testes occurring in a sin-
221 (170-256) wide by 189 (170-200) long, with gle cluster, and an ovoid vitellarium, namely, O.
4 circular suckers, 92 (80-103) in diameter. Os- gallica Dollfus, 1954, O. junkea Johri, 1950, O.
moregulatory system of 4 longitudinal canals vis- parvula (Stunkard, 1938), O. vacuolata, and O.
ible throughout length of strobila. Genital pores vanzolinii Rego and Oliveira-Rodrigues, 1965.
irregularly alternating, situated in first third of In O. junkea, O. vacuolata, and O. vanzolinii,
proglottid. Cirrus sac length 127 (114-142) long each lobe of the ovary is not lobulate; each lobe
by 34 (22-45) wide. The genital ducts pass be- of the ovary of O. piankai sp. n. is subdivided
tween the osmoregulatory canals. Ovary bilobed into 6-8 distinct lobules. The strobila of O. pian-
and situated in center of proglottid; 247 (142- kai sp. n. is twice the length of O. gallica and O.
285) wide by 93 (68-114) long; each lobe sub- parvula. Of the Australian species, O. piankai sp.
divided into 6-8 well-defined secondary lobes. n. has half as many testes as O. australiensis, 24-
Oval vitelline gland situated on midline directly 38 compared to 65-80, and lacks the vacuoles
behind ovary, 121 (85-143) wide by 66 (45-85) seen in O. vacuolata. Oochoristica trachysauri
long. Ootype and Mehlis' gland complex between has testes in 2 clusters as compared to the single
ovary and vitelline gland. Testes posterior to cluster in O. piankai sp. n.
ovary and vitelline gland in 1 cluster, numbering
31 (24-38) in each proglottid; testes measure 11- Discussion
17 by 17-22. In gravid proglottids, uterine cap- In addition to Oochoristica piankai sp. n., oth-
sules, 127 (114-142), each containing a single er helminths found in Moloch horridus are re-
egg, fill entire proglottid; eggs 52 (45-57); on- ported for the first time. Two male and 2 female
cosphere 38 (34-40); oncosphere hook lengths Parapharyngodon kartana were found in the large
(19) 17-20. intestines of 4 lizards. Parapharyngodon kartana
was originally described as Thelandros kartana
Taxonomic Summary
from the skink Hemiergisperonii from Kangaroo
TYPE HOST: Moloch horridus Gray, 1841, Island, Australia (Johnston and Mawson, 1941).
"Thorny Devil" or "Moloch" (Sauria: Agami- It was also found in the gecko Christinus mar-
dae), deposited in the LACM, No. 54199, adult moratus as well as H. peronii by Angel and Maw-
female, 90 mm snout-vent length. son (1968) and in the agamid Ctenophorus fionni
TYPE LOCALITY: Western Australia (8 km NE and the skink Lerista sp. as well as H. peronii by
Dunges Table Hill), 28°05'S, 123°55'E, 250 m Mawson (1971). Thelandros kartana was reas-
elevation. signed to the genus Parapharyngodon by Ad-
SITE OF INFECTION: Small intestine, adjacent amson (1981) and has since been reported from
to pyloric valve. the skinks Emoia nigra and E. samoenses from
PREVALENCE: Eight of 104 (8%) lizards were Samoa by Goldberg and Bursey (1991). Moloch
infected. horridus is a new host record for P. kartana.
MEAN INTENSITY: Sixteen cestodes, range 1- A stomach cyst containing 1 larva of Abbrev-
5, mean 2. iata sp. was also found. Jones (1995) examined
TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype: USNPC No. the stomach contents of 85 Moloch horridus and
84588, 1 slide; Paratype: No. 84589, 1 slide. found 9 (10.6%) to contain larval physalopterids
ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet honors Eric (mean intensity 1.4). Jones (1995) believes that
Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
Table 1. Geographic distribution and selected characters of species of Oochoristica from reptiles.
Strobila Scolex
Sucker Testes Ovary
No. Maximum Mean Vitellaria
Realm prog- length Neck width Size Arrange- Lobules/
Oochoristica sp. lottids (mm) (mm) (/im) (/im) Shape Number ment lobe Shape
Australian realm O
O. australiensis Spasskii, 1951 * 220 0.4 335 120 Circular 65-80 1 Cluster 3-7 Ovoid Ha
O. novaezealandae Schmidt and Allison, 1985 20 20 None 250 90 Circular 12-15 1 Cluster None Spheroid tn
a
O. piankai sp. n. 82 70 0.6 213 92 Circular 24-38 1 Cluster 5-7 Ovoid m
O. trachysauri (MacCallum, 1921) — 50 — 330 150 Circular 60 2 Clusters None Ovoid g
O. vacuolata Hickman, 1954 53 53 0.8 300 130 Circular 19-45 1 Cluster None Ovoid hU
Z
Ethiopian realm H
O. chavenoni Capron, Brygoo, and Broussert, 1962 150 50 2.0 370 120 x 154 Oval 22-31 1 Cluster 3-6 Ovoid Or
O. courduieri Capron, Brygoo, and Broussert, 1962 130 110 1.5 780 180-208 Oval 35-16 1 Cluster 7-9 Ovoid 0
O
O. crassiceps Baylis, 1 920 100 30 2.5 1,050 250 x 300 Oval 20-30 1 Cluster None Ovoid
O. danielae Capron, Brygoo, and Broussert, 1962 100 60 0.8 840 104 x 130 Oval 30-42 1 Cluster 2-3 Triangular >
r
O. najdei Magzoub, Kasim, and Shawa, 1980 — 75 Present 320 95 Circular 16-24 2 Clusters 1-3 Triangular 8on
O. nupta Kugi and Mohammad, 1988 - 50 None 250 53 ± 82 Oval 28-30 2 Clusters None Ovoid
O. theileri Fuhrmann, 1924 28 8 None 350 130 Circular 26-35 2 Clusters None Round
O. truncata (Krabbe, 1879) >48 115 None 550 180 Circular 27-48 1 Cluster 6-9 Triangular H
O. ubelakeri Bursey, McAllister, Freed, and Freed, 1994 65 25 None 388 150 x 200 Oval 22-30 2 Clusters 3-5 Ovoid
O
C >fl
o Nearctic realm
p
yrigh OO.. aanmneireilclaaen aS tHuanrkwaordo da,n d1 9L3y2nch, 1 944 —45 4105 N3one 358050 112 1x6 0163 OCivraclular 3605--7400 11 CClluusstteerr N6o-n8e TTrriiaanngguullaarr oa^n
t © O. anolis Harwood, 1932 — 70 2 350 160 x 300 Oval 20-35 1 Cluster 5-6 Triangular o
20 O. bezyi Bursey and Goldberg, 1992 30 8 0.57 250 119 x 150 Oval 22-32 2 Clusters 6-8 Triangular H
11 O. bivitellobata Loewen, 1 940 21 150 0.43 413 147 Circular 48-106 1 Cluster None Bilobed
, The H OO.. eclraoptahipsh yHtia rMwcoAodll, is1t9er3,2 Trauth, and Ubelaker, 1985 -52 2775 N5.o5ne 335703 105 1x4 5126 OCivraclular 2330--3573 11 CClluusstteerr N3one OKivdoniedy shape "uo§K>>
e O. eumecis Harwood, 1932 — 103 2 500 220 x 260 Oval 40-55 1 Cluster 3-5 Triangular
lmin O. gracewileyae Loewen, 1 940 >200 >850 2.4 426 145 x 152 Oval 70-140 1 Cluster Numerous Triangular ^Gr
th O. islandensis Bursey and Goldberg, 1 992 69 24 None 318 120 x 170 Oval 38-16 2 Clusters 8-10 Triangular
o
lo O. natricis Harwood, 1932 — 130 1-2 550 190 x 260 Oval 50-70 1 Cluster None Triangular *0
gic O. osheroffi Meggitt, 1934 >200 205 0.95 385 136 Circular 59-76 1 Cluster 4-8 Ovoid
al S O. scelopori Voge and Fox, 1950 171 120 3 365 115 Circular 22-43 1 Cluster Numerous Triangular
o O. whitentoni Stellman, 1939 >211 275 3.3 400 165 Circular 100-150 1 Cluster 10-12 Ovoid
c
ie
ty Neotropical realm
o
f W O. ameivae (Beddard, 1914) — 120 Short 550 175 Circular 39-50 1 Cluster 5-8 Irregular
a O. bresslaui Fuhrmann, 1927 — 40 2 140 54 Circular 60 1 Cluster 5-6 Irregular
s
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Table 1. Continued.
Strobila Scolex
Sucker Testes Ovary
No. Maximum Mean
Vitellaria
Realm prog- length Neck width Size Arrange- Lobules/
Oochoristica sp. lottids (mm) (mm) G*m) (Mm) Shape Number ment lobe Shape
O. insulaemargaritae Lopez-Neyra and Diaz-Ungria, 1957 78 115 None 1,025 260 x 358 Oval 67-83 1 Cluster Numerous Irregular
O. parvula (Stunkard, 1938) 65 25 4 245 78 Circular 20-30 1 Cluster 3-5 Ovoid
O. travassosi Rego and Ibanez, 1965 12 0.75 600 158 x 165 Oval 26-32 1 Cluster 6-10 Irregular
—
O. vanzolinii Rego and Oliveira-Rodrigues, 1965 180 90 1.9 172 95 Circular 20-28 1 Cluster None Ovoid
Oriental realm
_
O. aulicus Johri, 1961 172 2.00 325 115 Circular 25-30 1 Cluster Several Triangular
O. bailea Singal, 1961 128 None 182 78 Circular 42^6 2 Clusters Several Irregular
—
O. calotes Nama and Khichi, 1974 176 100 None 210 92 Circular 45-55 1 Cluster 10-20 Ovoid
O. celebesensis Yamaguti, 1954 140 40 0.52 700 225 Circular 22-31 1 Cluster 5-7 Irregular
O. chinensis Jensen, Schmidt, and Kuntz, 1983 128 71 1 225 84 x 108 Oval 12-25 1 Cluster 5-7 Irregular
O. cryptobothrium (Linstow, 1 906) 130 0.23 600 140 x 250 Oval 80-90 1 Cluster None Spheroid
—
O. excelsa Tubangui and Masilungan, 1936 26 Short 250 82 Circular 23-29 1 Cluster None 2 Lobes
—
O. fibrata Meggitt, 1927 90 None 338 126 x 170 Oval 35-36 2 Clusters 7-10 2 Lobes
—
O. hainanaensis Hsu, 1935 202 134 1.94 352 150 Circular 40-50 1 Cluster 5-8 Ovoid
O. hemidactyli Johri, 1955 49 Short 200 80 Circular 19-30 2 Clusters 5-8 Irregular
—
O. indica Misra, 1 945 >91 200 6.0 350 180 Circular 30-36 1 Cluster 13-18 Irregular
O. javaensis Kennedy, Killick, and Beverley-Burton, 1982 100 44 1.35 177 48 Circular 25-31 1 Cluster 5-7 Spheroid
O. jodhpurensis Nama, 1977 91 50 1, 18 205 105 Circular 24-26 2 Clusters Several Irregular
Cop OO.. jluannkgeraan Jgoehi rJio, y1e9u5x0 and Houdemer, 1 927 —— 6503 N2.o2n4e 420205 118205 CCiirrccuullaarr 502-360 11 CClluusstteerr NNounmeerous OOvvooiidd
y
rig O. lygosomae Burt, 1933 45 15 Short 280 140 Circular 17-18 1 Cluster 5-7 Ovoid
ht © 2 OO.. lmygaonsdoampaatmise nSskiisn kJoerh,r i1, 9139558 —45 1141 25.0 213600 19100 CCiirrccuullaarr 3104--3148 21 CClluusstteerrs NSeovneeral CIrrreesgcuelnatr
0 O. microscolex Delia Santa, 1956 >35 None 236 95 Circular 50-60 1 Cluster None Triangular
1 —
1, Th OO.. poapuhiraie Cnsaips oMora, lhSoritvraa satnavda G, aanpdo oCr,h a1u9h8a4n, 1974 — 114704 40..2203 514907 50 1x6 0105 COivraclular 3318--5750 21 CClluusstteerrs 43--514 TCrrieasncgenutlar
e —
H O. tandani Singh, 1957 40 90 Short 270 115 Circular 37^*5 1 Cluster 4-5 Spheroid
elm O. thapari Johri, 1934 — 21 None 305 — — 48-62 1 Cluster None Ovoid
in O. varani Nama and Khichi, 1972 - 30 Short 370 152 x 287 Oval 40-55 1 Cluster Several Globular
th
olo Palaearctic realm
gic O. brachysoma Dupouy and Kechemir, 1973 63 40 1.0 1,000 185 Circular 20 2 Clusters None Ovoid
al S O. chabaudi Dollfus, 1954 65 53 — 430 145 x 155 Oval 36-38 1 Cluster 4-6 Ovoid
o O. darensis Dollfus, 1957 — 72 Present 485 145 Circular 52-70 2 Clusters 5-7 Irregular
c
ie O. elongata Dupouy and Kechemir, 1973 >50 Present 315 80 Circular 20-25 1 Cluster None Spheroid
ty o O. gallica Dollfus, 1954 —- 30 Present 278 117 Circular 39-40 1 Cluster 5-7 Ovoid
f W
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220 JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, 63(2), JUL 1996
termites, perhaps beetles and cockroaches as well,
act as intermediate hosts for larvae of species of
3 8 1* 3 ;o 3 Abbreviata. These hosts are consumed by many
1 1 1
species of small lizards that act as paratenic hosts
and no further development of the nematode oc-
curs until these paratenic hosts are consumed by
•Si
one of the larger lizards (i.e., species of Varanus
or Pogond). Pianka (1994) reported Moloch hor-
ridus and other species of small lizards to be
regular items of the diet of species of Varanus.
Of the 58 species of Abbreviata known to infect
uuuuuuuuuuuu reptiles (see Baker, 1987), 15 species (26%) are
known from Australian lizards including Var-
anus spp. Because these definitive hosts do not
feed directly on termites, paratenic hosts are an
essential link in Abbreviata life cycles (Jones,
1995).
Pianka and Pianka (1970) examined the stom-
Qa ua o^ UUQ> U.5 O> .UiOs OO>J O>0) achs of 103 Moloch horridus and found only ants
(at least 3 species) and a few tiny objects such as
stones, sticks, flowers, and insect eggs, which they
.SD B"jf XOOOXO^X-'OX X believed the ants to be carrying at the time of
ingestion. These observations raise a question as
to the mode of infection of M. horridus by the
helminths reported in this paper. Although the
life history of Parapharyngodon kartana has not
been studied, it would be predicted to have a
<u u u u direct life cycle similar to that of other oxyurids
. VI CA M M
<! o o o 1 PUH OSH (Anderson, 1992), with infection occurring by
ingestion of eggs from a fecally contaminated
E'toio ec substratum. Such substrata could be ingested at
the time ants are taken. Physalopterids require
an insect intermediate host in which develop-
ment to third-stage larvae occurs (Anderson,
5 S-a I i I I I
1992). Ants carrying dismembered but infected
insect parts could be the source of infections. The
biology of Oochoristica piankai has not been ex-
amined, but Hickman (1963) studied the life his-
tory of O. vacuolata in some detail. The adult
cestode is estimated to live for 4 yr and shed at
least 123 proglottids; the tenebrionid beetle, Ces-
trinus punctatissimus Pascoe, serves as a natural
intermediate host and, experimentally, the cock-
roach Platyzosteria melanaria Erichson, the der-
mestid beetle Anthrenocerus australis Hope, and
the carabid bettles Gnathaphanus adelaidae Cas-
telnau, Hypharpax moestus Dejean, Mecyclo-
•a. - thorax ambiguus Erichson, Promecoderus gib-
ISS bosus Gray, and Homothes guttifer Germar are
capable of serving as intermediate hosts. The
paucity of these helminths in M. horridus sug-
gests an "accidental" route of infection. Further
—g oo OOOOOOOOOOOO study will be required to determine whether or
not other desert reptiles share these helminths.
C*
Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
BURSEY ET AL.-OOCHORISTICA PIANKAI SP. N. FROM MOLOCH HORRIDUS 221
Key to Species of Australian Oochoristica Baker, M. R. 1987. Synopsis of the Nematoda par-
asitic in amphibians and reptiles. Memorial Uni-
1. Testes in 1 cluster 2
versity of Newfoundland, Occasional Papers in
Testes in 2 clusters Biology 11:1-325.
O. trachysauri MacCallum, 1921
Goldberg, S. R., and C. R. Bursey. 1991. Paraphar-
2. Fewer than 50 testes 3
yngodon kartana in two skinks, Emoia nigra and
More than 60 testes
Emoiasamoense (Sauria: Scincidae), from Samoa.
O. australiensis Spasskii, 1951
Journal of the Helminthological Society of Wash-
3. Ovarian lobes not subdivided
ington 58:265-266.
O. vacuolata Hickman, 1954
Hickman, J. L. 1963. The biology of Oochoristica
Ovarian lobes subdivided into 6-8 lobules
vacuolata Hickman (Cestoda). Papers and Pro-
O. piankai sp. n.
ceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 97:81-
104.
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the illustrations constituting Figures 1-4 and
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Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington