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(cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) Ontology and the Ambitions of Metaphysics (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) Ontology and the Ambitions of Metaphysics Thomas Hofweber 1 (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OXDP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©ThomasHofweber Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin Impression: Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber: ISBN –––– PrintedinGreatBritainby ClaysLtd,StIvesplc LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) forRebecca (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xv HowtoReadThisBook xvi . OntologyandMetaphysics  . Introduction  . FourProblemsinOntology  .. Numbers  .. OrdinaryObjects  .. Properties  .. Propositions  . TwoKindsofOntologicalQuestions  . ThreePuzzlesAboutOntology  .. IsPhilosophicalOntologyanIncoherentProject?  .. TheFirstPuzzle:HowHard?  .. TheSecondPuzzle:HowImportant?  .. TheThirdPuzzle:HowPhilosophical?  . TowardsaSolution  . InnocentStatementsandTheirMetaphysicallyLoadedCounterparts  . TheTrivialArguments  . TheStandardSolutionstotheMetaphysicalPuzzle  . SomeSyntacticandSemanticPuzzles  .. TheNumberofMoonsofJupiter  .. IsFour  .. SubstitutionFailure  .. TheObviousnessoftheEquivalence  .. ThePuzzleofExtravagance  . SolvingtheSyntacticandSemanticPuzzles  .. TheFunctionoftheCleftConstruction  .. FocusandCommunication  .. Questions,Answers,andFocus  ..AnotherLookattheLoadedCounterparts:TheNumbersCase  . ExplainingtheFocusEffect  .. TheArgumentAgainsttheStandardSolutions  .. TheExplanation  . ASolutiontotheSyntacticandSemanticPuzzles  .. Numbers  .. Properties  .. Propositions  ..ContentCarvingWithoutTears  (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) viii contents . OntotheSecondStep  . Appendix:FocusandIdentityStatements  . Quantification  . TheSignificanceofQuantification  . The(Fairly)UncontroversialFactsAboutQuantifiers  .. TheStructureofQuantifiedNounPhrases  .. “ThereIs”IsNotaQuantifier  .. SingularandPluralQuantifiers  .. TheDomainConditionsReading  . SemanticUnderspecification  . QuantifiersasaSourceofUnderspecification  .. HowtoSettletheIssue  .. TheCommunicativeFunctionofQuantifiers  .. InferentialRoleandEmptyTerms  ..SomeExamples  .. InferentialRoleandTruthConditions  ..HowtheReadingsAreRelated,butDifferent  . CompareandContrast  .. SubstitutionalQuantification  .. MeinongandNon-ExistentObjects  .. CarnaponInternalandExternalQuestions  .. LightweightandHeavyweightQuantifiers  . TheSolutiontotheFirstPuzzle  . Appendix:GeneralizedQuantifiers  . Internalism,Externalism,andtheOntologicalQuestion  . InternalismandExternalism  . TowardsaSolutiontotheSecondandThirdPuzzles  . InternalismandtheAnswertotheOntologicalQuestion  . HowtoSettletheIssue  . TalkAboutNaturalNumbers  . Frege’sOtherPuzzle  . HowthePuzzleCan’tBeSolved  . NumberDeterminers  .. DeterminersandQuantifiers  .. BareDeterminers  .. ComplexDeterminersandQuantifiers  .. Arithmetic-LikeBareDeterminerStatements  . NumbersandArithmetic  .. BasicArithmeticalStatements  .. LearningBasicArithmetic  .. CognitiveTypeCoercion  ..Contrast:OtherKindsofTypeCoercion  .. OtherArithmeticalOperations  ..“Two”vs.“TheNumberTwo”vs.“TheNumberofFs”  (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) contents ix . TheSolutiontoFrege’sOtherPuzzle  . QuantifyingoverNaturalNumbers  . ThePhilosophyofArithmetic  . PhilosophicalProblemsAboutArithmetic  .. TheCentralTension  .. TheCaesarProblem  .. TheApplicationProblem  . InternalismandOntologicalIndependence  . TheAdjectivalStrategyandSecond-OrderLogic  . TheExistenceofNumbersandtheSecondPuzzle  . TheInternalistSolutionstotheProblems  .. ResolvingtheTension  .. TheSolutiontotheCaesarProblem  .. TheSolutiontotheApplicationProblem  . LogicismWithoutLogic  . ThePhilosophyofMathematics  . OrdinaryObjects  . TheMetaphysicsofOrdinaryObjects  . TalkAboutOrdinaryObjects  . TheExistenceofOrdinaryObjects  .. PerceptualEvidence  .. ScientificEvidence  .. MetaphysicalArgumentsasFurtherEvidence  . MetaphysicalQuestionsAboutObjects  . TalkAboutPropertiesandPropositions  . That-ClausesandPropertyNominalizations  . TheReferentialPictureofLanguage  . SemanticFactsandSemanticValues  . EvidenceAgainstReferentiality  . QuantificationoverPropertiesandPropositions  . InexpressiblePropertiesandPropositions  . TheProblemforInternalism  .. InexpressiblePropertiesandtheInductiveArgument  .. SomeDistinctions  .. TheNewProblemforInternalism  . TheSolutiontotheProblem  . TheSolutiontotheSecondPuzzle  . Appendix:FurtherArgumentsAgainstInternalismUsingExpressibility Considerations  .. ModifiedInductiveArguments  .. CardinalityArguments  . Appendix:GeneralizedQuantifiers,OnceMore  . Appendix:RevisitingtheInternal–ExternalDistinction  (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2)

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Thomas Hofweber explores four major metaphysical debates tied to ontology: the philosophy of arithmetic, the metaphysics of ordinary objects, the problem of universals, and the nature of the fact-like aspect of reality. He defends metaphysics as having some questions of fact distinctly its own, but
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382 Pages·2016·3 MB·English
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(cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) Ontology and the Ambitions of Metaphysics (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) Ontology and the Ambitions of Metaphysics Thomas Hofweber 1 (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OXDP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©ThomasHofweber Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin Impression: Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber: ISBN –––– PrintedinGreatBritainby ClaysLtd,StIvesplc LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) forRebecca (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xv HowtoReadThisBook xvi . OntologyandMetaphysics  . Introduction  . FourProblemsinOntology  .. Numbers  .. OrdinaryObjects  .. Properties  .. Propositions  . TwoKindsofOntologicalQuestions  . ThreePuzzlesAboutOntology  .. IsPhilosophicalOntologyanIncoherentProject?  .. TheFirstPuzzle:HowHard?  .. TheSecondPuzzle:HowImportant?  .. TheThirdPuzzle:HowPhilosophical?  . TowardsaSolution  . InnocentStatementsandTheirMetaphysicallyLoadedCounterparts  . TheTrivialArguments  . TheStandardSolutionstotheMetaphysicalPuzzle  . SomeSyntacticandSemanticPuzzles  .. TheNumberofMoonsofJupiter  .. IsFour  .. SubstitutionFailure  .. TheObviousnessoftheEquivalence  .. ThePuzzleofExtravagance  . SolvingtheSyntacticandSemanticPuzzles  .. TheFunctionoftheCleftConstruction  .. FocusandCommunication  .. Questions,Answers,andFocus  ..AnotherLookattheLoadedCounterparts:TheNumbersCase  . ExplainingtheFocusEffect  .. TheArgumentAgainsttheStandardSolutions  .. TheExplanation  . ASolutiontotheSyntacticandSemanticPuzzles  .. Numbers  .. Properties  .. Propositions  ..ContentCarvingWithoutTears  (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) viii contents . OntotheSecondStep  . Appendix:FocusandIdentityStatements  . Quantification  . TheSignificanceofQuantification  . The(Fairly)UncontroversialFactsAboutQuantifiers  .. TheStructureofQuantifiedNounPhrases  .. “ThereIs”IsNotaQuantifier  .. SingularandPluralQuantifiers  .. TheDomainConditionsReading  . SemanticUnderspecification  . QuantifiersasaSourceofUnderspecification  .. HowtoSettletheIssue  .. TheCommunicativeFunctionofQuantifiers  .. InferentialRoleandEmptyTerms  ..SomeExamples  .. InferentialRoleandTruthConditions  ..HowtheReadingsAreRelated,butDifferent  . CompareandContrast  .. SubstitutionalQuantification  .. MeinongandNon-ExistentObjects  .. CarnaponInternalandExternalQuestions  .. LightweightandHeavyweightQuantifiers  . TheSolutiontotheFirstPuzzle  . Appendix:GeneralizedQuantifiers  . Internalism,Externalism,andtheOntologicalQuestion  . InternalismandExternalism  . TowardsaSolutiontotheSecondandThirdPuzzles  . InternalismandtheAnswertotheOntologicalQuestion  . HowtoSettletheIssue  . TalkAboutNaturalNumbers  . Frege’sOtherPuzzle  . HowthePuzzleCan’tBeSolved  . NumberDeterminers  .. DeterminersandQuantifiers  .. BareDeterminers  .. ComplexDeterminersandQuantifiers  .. Arithmetic-LikeBareDeterminerStatements  . NumbersandArithmetic  .. BasicArithmeticalStatements  .. LearningBasicArithmetic  .. CognitiveTypeCoercion  ..Contrast:OtherKindsofTypeCoercion  .. OtherArithmeticalOperations  ..“Two”vs.“TheNumberTwo”vs.“TheNumberofFs”  (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,//,SPi (cid:2) (cid:2) contents ix . TheSolutiontoFrege’sOtherPuzzle  . QuantifyingoverNaturalNumbers  . ThePhilosophyofArithmetic  . PhilosophicalProblemsAboutArithmetic  .. TheCentralTension  .. TheCaesarProblem  .. TheApplicationProblem  . InternalismandOntologicalIndependence  . TheAdjectivalStrategyandSecond-OrderLogic  . TheExistenceofNumbersandtheSecondPuzzle  . TheInternalistSolutionstotheProblems  .. ResolvingtheTension  .. TheSolutiontotheCaesarProblem  .. TheSolutiontotheApplicationProblem  . LogicismWithoutLogic  . ThePhilosophyofMathematics  . OrdinaryObjects  . TheMetaphysicsofOrdinaryObjects  . TalkAboutOrdinaryObjects  . TheExistenceofOrdinaryObjects  .. PerceptualEvidence  .. ScientificEvidence  .. MetaphysicalArgumentsasFurtherEvidence  . MetaphysicalQuestionsAboutObjects  . TalkAboutPropertiesandPropositions  . That-ClausesandPropertyNominalizations  . TheReferentialPictureofLanguage  . SemanticFactsandSemanticValues  . EvidenceAgainstReferentiality  . QuantificationoverPropertiesandPropositions  . InexpressiblePropertiesandPropositions  . TheProblemforInternalism  .. InexpressiblePropertiesandtheInductiveArgument  .. SomeDistinctions  .. TheNewProblemforInternalism  . TheSolutiontotheProblem  . TheSolutiontotheSecondPuzzle  . Appendix:FurtherArgumentsAgainstInternalismUsingExpressibility Considerations  .. ModifiedInductiveArguments  .. CardinalityArguments  . Appendix:GeneralizedQuantifiers,OnceMore  . Appendix:RevisitingtheInternal–ExternalDistinction  (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2)

Description:
Thomas Hofweber explores four major metaphysical debates tied to ontology: the philosophy of arithmetic, the metaphysics of ordinary objects, the problem of universals, and the nature of the fact-like aspect of reality. He defends metaphysics as having some questions of fact distinctly its own, but
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