Praise for Online Recruiting and Selection: “Reynolds and Weiner bring extensive experience to their extremely useful treatment of this complex topic, bringing together diverse bodies of knowledge in information technology, human resource strategy, and psychological testing and assessment.” Paul R. Sackett, University of Minnesota “No executive or HR professional should conduct online screening or testing of job applicants without reading this excellent book. The authors not only discuss signifi cant effi ciencies that can accrue from online assessment, but also examine support systems that will ensure quality data are collected to facilitate personnel decision making.” Neal Schmitt, Michigan State University “Online Recruiting and Selection is essential reading for any manager or executive who needs to make good business decisions about people in an era of ever-changing new technology.” Dr. Wendy S. Becker, Editor, The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, Associate Professor of Management, Shippensburg University Online Recruiting and Selection: Innovations in Talent Acquisition D. H. Reynolds and J. A. Weiner © 2009 Douglas H. Reynolds and John A. Weiner ISBN: 978-1-405-18230-0 Talent Management Essentials Series Editor: Steven G. Rogelberg, Ph.D Professor and Director Organizational Science, University of North Carolina – Charlotte Senior Advisory Board: (cid:129) Eric Elder, Ph.D., Director, Talent Management, Corning Incorporated (cid:129) William H. Macey, Ph.D., Chief Executive Offi cer, Valtera Corporation (cid:129) Cindy McCauley, Ph.D., Senior Fellow, Center for Creative Leadership (cid:129) Elaine D. Pulakos, Ph.D., Chief Operating Offi cer, PDRI, a PreVisor Company (cid:129) Douglas H. Reynolds, Ph.D., Vice President, Assessment Technology, Development Dimensions International (cid:129) Ann Marie Ryan, Ph.D., Professor, Michigan State University (cid:129) Lise Saari, Ph.D., Director Global Workforce Research, IBM (cid:129) John Scott, Ph.D., Vice President, Applied Psychological Techniques, Inc. (cid:129) Dean Stamoulis, Ph.D., Managing Director, Executive Assessment Practice Leader for the Americas, Russell Reynolds Associates Special Features Each volume contains a host of actual case studies, sample materials, tips, and cautionary notes. Issues pertaining to globalization, technology, and key executive points are high- lighted throughout. Titles in the Talent Management Essentials series: Performance Management: A New Approach for Driving Business Results Elaine D. Pulakos Designing and Implementing Global Selection Systems Ann Marie Ryan and Nancy Tippins Designing Workplace Mentoring Programs: An Evidence - based Approach Tammy D. Allen, Lisa M. Finkelstein, and Mark L. Poteet Career Paths: Charting Courses to Success for Organizations and Their Employees Gary W. Carter, Kevin W. Cook, and David W. Dorsey Mistreatment in the Workplace: Prevention and Resolution for Managers and Organizations Julie B. Olson - Buchanan and Wendy R. Boswell Developing Women Leaders: A Guide for Men and Women in Organizations Anna Marie Valerio Employee Engagement: Tools for Analysis, Practice, and Competitive Advantage William H. Macey, Benjamin Schneider, Karen M. Barbera, and Scott A. Young Online Recruiting and Selection: Innovations in Talent Acquisition Douglas H. Reynolds and John A. Weiner Senior Executive Assessment: A Key to Responsible Corporate Governance Dean Stamoulis Real - Time Leadership Development Paul R. Yost and Mary Mannion Plunkett Online Recruiting and Selection Innovations in Talent Acquisition Douglas H. Reynolds and John A. Weiner A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition fi rst published 2009 © 2009 Douglas H. Reynolds and John A. Weiner Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Offi ce John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offi ces 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Douglas H. Reynolds and John A. Weiner to be identifi ed as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reynolds, Douglas H. Online recruiting and selection : innovations in talent acquisition / Douglas H. Reynolds and John A. Weiner. p. cm. – (Talent management essentials) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-8230-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-4051-8229-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Employee selection. 2. Technological innovations. I. Weiner, John A. II. Title. HF5549.5.S38R39 2009 658.3′1102854678–dc22 2008052111 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Icon in Case Scenario boxes © Kathy Konkle / istockphoto.com Set in 10.5 on 12.5 Minion by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed in Singapore 1 2009 Contents Series Editor’s Preface xi About the Authors xii Preface xiii Part I The Context for Online Talent Acquisition 1 Chapter 1 The Context and Business Case for Technology-Based Recruitment and Selection 3 Driving Factors: A Brief History of HR Technology Tools 4 The Labor Market Context: “We Need Good People!” 5 The Business Landscape: Shape Up or Ship Out 7 Growth of the Internet 9 Science-Based Selection Methods 12 The Human Resources Challenge: Better, Faster, Cheaper . . . and More Strategic 13 Effi ciency and Speed 13 Insight and Predictive Accuracy 14 Strategic Impact 15 Chapter 2 The Technology Landscape 19 Mainframes, PCs, and Client–Server Computer Architecture 20 The Internet Changes Everything 21 The Pressure to Integrate 22 v vi Contents New Integration Facilitators 24 The Next New Paradigm 25 Software Delivery Models in Transition 27 Behind the Firewall 27 Application Service Provider (ASP) 28 Software as a Service (SaaS) 28 Technology Trends and Software Users and Buyers 28 Customization versus Confi guration 29 Software Maintenance 29 Further Reading 31 Chapter 3 Foundations for Online Assessment 33 The Role of Professionally Developed Assessments 33 Effective Selection of People into Organizations: Value and Risk 35 Purpose of Assessment 35 The Value of Assessment – Organizations Have Much to Gain (or Lose) 36 Assessment Risks 37 Essential Measurement Concepts 38 Validity 38 Reliability 42 Types of Measurement Error 43 Measuring Reliability 44 Score Interpretation 45 Professional Practice Standards and Legal Considerations 48 Professional Standards and Principles 48 Fair Employment Laws 49 Federal Guidelines on Testing and Recruitment 50 Chapter 4 Building the System: Models for the Design of Online Recruiting and Testing Systems 53 Typical Recruitment and Selection Steps and Website Components 54 Attracting Candidates through a Careers Site 55 Describing Jobs and Careers 56 Collecting Personal Information 56 Contents vii Screening 57 Testing 58 Simulation-Based Assessment 58 Interviewing 59 The Hiring Decision and Beyond 60 Tracking Tools 61 Assembling the System 62 Need for Insight 62 Need to Cast a Wide Recruiting Net 63 Need for Speed 63 Candidate Commitment 63 Managing the System 64 Part II Designing and Implementing Online Staffi ng Systems 67 Chapter 5 Designing Online Recruiting and Screening Websites 69 Talent Acquisition: Two Disciplines 70 Tools to Support Recruitment 70 Tools to Support Screening and Selection 71 Designing Internet Recruiting Sites 72 Common Recruiting Site Components 72 Employer Overview 73 Job Information 75 Profi le Matching 76 Apply Now 78 Designing Online Screening Tools 80 Resume-Centric Applicant Screening 80 Questionnaire-Based Applicant Screening 82 Common Risks Associated with Online Screening 83 Defi ning Basic Qualifi cations 85 Critical Issues to Resolve 86 When is a Job Seeker an Applicant? 86 How Detailed Should the Screening Process be? 87 How Should Applicants be Progressed through the Selection Process? 88 Summary 89 viii Contents Chapter 6 Deploying Automated Tests 91 Types of Assessment Tools 91 Assessment Content – More Than Meets the Eye 92 Assessment Format – Something Old, Something New 94 Considerations for Using Different Types of Assessments 96 Purpose of Assessment 97 Program Size 97 Job Type and Level 98 Validation Requirements 98 Legal Defensibility 99 Resource Planning 100 Technology Considerations for Online Assessment 100 Presentation of Item Content 101 Navigation Features and Functions 101 Examinee Instructions 102 Testing Time 102 Security 102 Critical Issues to Resolve 103 Chapter 7 Tracking Tools for Staffi ng Managers and Recruiters 105 Information for Recruiters 107 Managing Job Requisitions 107 Managing Candidates 109 Information for Hiring Managers 110 Information for HR Specialists 111 Critical Issues to Resolve 112 Integration with the ATS 112 Data Storage, Reporting, and Archiving 114 ATS Customization vs. Confi guration 115 Chapter 8 Systems Design and Integration 117 Key Elements for System Design 119 Design Elements 119 Integration Concepts and Approaches 122 Linking Processes – Exchanging Instructions between Systems 123 Contents ix Linking Data – Exchanging Information between Systems 126 Critical Issues to Resolve 128 Part III Consequences and Issues Associated with Online Deployment 131 Chapter 9 Managing the Environment 133 Ensuring Quality in the Deployment of Online Staffi ng Systems 134 Issues and Challenges 135 Proctored vs. Unproctored Administration 136 Test Environment Issues 138 Technology Issues 139 Security Issues 140 Cheating 140 Unqualifi ed Applicants 142 Access to Technology 142 The Candidate Experience 143 Strategies for Managing Online Assessment Systems 144 Summary 144 Chapter 10 Cross-Cultural Deployment 149 Adapting Talent Assessment Programs across Cultures 150 Issues and Challenges 152 Administrative Considerations 152 Measurement Quality Concerns 154 Professional Challenges 158 Technology Challenges 159 Strategies for Cross-Cultural Deployment 160 Summary 161 Chapter 11 Candidate Privacy and Data Security 163 European Data Protection Rules: A Foundational Framework 164 Design Considerations for Data and Privacy Protection 166 Notice 166 Choice 167 Onward Transfer 167 x Contents Access 168 Security 169 Data Integrity 169 Enforcement 169 Other Privacy Rules 170 Fundamentals of Internet Data Security 170 Password Protection 172 Role-Based Security 172 History and Log Files 173 Encryption 173 Additional Security Considerations 174 Chapter 12 Conclusion: The (Possible) Future of Automated Staffi ng 175 Talent Supply-Chain Management 176 Evidence-Based Management 177 Network Organizations and Social Software 178 Self-Service HR 180 New Technologies to Drive Effi ciency, Realism, Interest, and Engagement 181 Concluding Thoughts 182 Appendix Assessment Fundamentals 183 Criterion-Related Validation 183 Content Validation 186 Reliability Indices 187 Measurement Scales 189 Fairness in Testing 190 Differential Prediction Analysis 191 Adverse Impact Analysis 192 Selected References for Further Reading 193 Notes 195 Name Index 203 Subject Index 205
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