Oncofertility: Fertility Preservation for Cancer Survivors (Cancer Treatment and Research, 138)

269 Pages·2007·19.673 MB·English

by  Teresa K. Woodruff (editor), Karrie Ann Snyder (editor)

Oncofertility
Fertility Preservation for Cancer Survivors
Cancer Treatment and Research
Steven T. Rosen, M.D., Series Editor
Pienta, K.J. (ed.): Diagnosis and Treatment of Genitourinary Malignancies. 1996.
ISBN 0-7923-4164-3.
Arnold, A.J. (ed.): Endocrine Neoplasms. 1997. ISBN 0-7923-4354-9.
Pollock, R.E. (ed.): Surgical Oncology. 1997. ISBN 0-7923-9900-5.
Verweij, J., Pinedo, H.M., Suit, H.D. (eds): Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Present Achievements
and Future Prospects. 1997. ISBN 0-7923-9913-7.
Walterhouse, D.O., Cohn, S. L. (eds): Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Pediatric
Oncology. 1997. ISBN 0-7923-9978-1.
Mittal, B.B., Purdy, J.A., Ang, K.K. (eds): Radiation Therapy. 1998. ISBN 0-7923-9981-1.
Foon, K.A., Muss, H.B. (eds): Biological and Hormonal Therapies of Cancer. 1998.
ISBN 0-7923-9997-8.
Ozols, R.F. (ed.): Gynecologic Oncology. 1998. ISBN 0-7923-8070-3.
Noskin, G.A. (ed.): Management of Infectious Complications in Cancer Patients. 1998.
ISBN 0-7923-8150-5.
Bennett, C.L. (ed.): Cancer Policy. 1998. ISBN 0-7923-8203-X.
Benson, A.B. (ed.): Gastrointestinal Oncology. 1998. ISBN 0-7923-8205-6.
Tallman, M.S., Gordon, L.I. (eds): Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Hematologic
Malignancies. 1998. ISBN 0-7923-8206-4.
von Gunten, C.F. (ed.): Palliative Care and Rehabilitation of Cancer Patients. 1999.
ISBN 0-7923-8525-X.
Burt, R.K., Brush, M.M. (eds): Advances in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell
Transplantation. 1999. ISBN 0-7923-7714-1.
Angelos, P. (ed.): Ethical Issues in Cancer Patient Care 2000. ISBN 0-7923-7726-5.
Gradishar, W.J., Wood, W.C. (eds): Advances in Breast Cancer Management. 2000.
ISBN 0-7923-7890-3.
Sparano, J.A. (ed.): HIV & HTLV-I Associated Malignancies. 2001.
ISBN 0-7923-7220-4.
Ettinger, D.S. (ed.): Thoracic Oncology. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7248-4.
Bergan, R.C. (ed.): Cancer Chemoprevention. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7259-X.
Raza, A., Mundle, S.D. (eds): Myelodysplastic Syndromes & Secondary Acute Myelogenous
Leukemia 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7396.
Talamonti, M.S. (ed.): Liver Directed Therapy for Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumors.
2001. ISBN 0-7923-7523-8.
Stack, M.S., Fishman, D.A. (eds): Ovarian Cancer. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7530-0.
Bashey, A., Ball, E.D. (eds): Non-Myeloablative Allogeneic Transplantation. 2002.
ISBN 0-7923-7646-3.
Leong, S.P.L. (ed.): Atlas of Selective Sentinel Lymphadenectomy for Melanoma, Breast
Cancer and Colon Cancer. 2002. ISBN 1-4020-7013-6.
Andersson, B., Murray D. (eds): Clinically Relevant Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy.
2002. ISBN 1-4020-7200-7.
Beam, C. (ed.): Biostatistical Applications in Cancer Research. 2002.
ISBN 1-4020-7226-0.
Brockstein, B., Masters, G. (eds): Head and Neck Cancer. 2003. ISBN 1-4020-7336-4.
Frank, D.A. (ed.): Signal Transduction in Cancer. 2003. ISBN 1-4020-7340-2.
(continued after index)
Oncofertility
Fertility Preservation
for Cancer Survivors
edited by
Teresa K. Woodruff, PhD
The Thomas J. Watkins Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Director, Institute for Women’s Health Research
Chief, Division of Fertility Preservation
Associate Director, Basic Science Programs,
The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
Director, Center for Reproductive Research
Feinberg School of Medicine
Northwestern University
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Karrie Ann Snyder, PhD
Research Assistant Professor
Institute for Women’s Health Research
Feinberg School of Medicine
Northwestern University
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Teresa K. Woodruff, PhD Karrie Ann Snyder, PhD
Institute for Women’s Health Research Institute for Women’s Health Research
Division of Fertility Preservation Feinberg School of Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL 60611 USA
Northwestern University
Chicago, IL 60611 USA
Series Editor:
Steven T. Rosen
Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
Northwestern University
Chicago, IL
USA
Oncofertility: Fertility Preservations for Cancer Survivors
ISBN-13: 978-0-387-72292-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-0-387-72293-1
Library of Congress Control Number: 2007925436
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written
permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York,
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Foreword
It has been our pleasure to edit the first book on an interdisciplinary science we call
oncofertility. Oncofertility bridges traditional areas of basic science and medical
research, brings together oncologists and fertility specialists, and hopes to provide
real options to young people who survive life-preserving but fertility-threatening
treatments for cancer. The chapters in this book range from basic discovery research
to reproductive medicine and from social science and the humanities to a section on
stories from those who have survived cancer and have faced issues of fertility
deprivation or restoration. Specifically, we have addressed three main areas: the
underlying biological questions surrounding follicle growth and cryo-preservation of
tissue; the application of the new technology to medical practice; and, the psychosocial
implications of cancer-related infertility and oncofertility research for patients and
their families. These questions are interlinking and require teams of investigators
working in concert to solve a major unmet need. The book is a comprehensive initial
definition of the field and we anticipate a great many more breakthroughs that will
eventually provide a menu of options to those with fertility-threatening conditions.
The editors thank the Specialized Cooperative Centers Program in Reproduction
and Infertility Research (U54 HD041857) and the Institute for Women’s Health
Research of Northwestern University for funding and support of this book.
Teresa K. Woodruff
Karrie Ann Snyder
v
vi Foreword
Foreword
As young women who faced both cancer and the potential loss of our ability to have
children, we are extremely gratified by the efforts of the scientists, clinicians and
social scientists who have come together to recognize, validate and tackle this criti-
cal issue. When we were diagnosed, there was little discussion of the physical
impact of the life-preserving cancer treatments; and virtually no acknowledgement
of the life-altering significance of that potential loss. It is exciting, therefore, to see
the interdisciplinary, multifaceted approach that is now being put into place to meet
the fertility needs of young adults diagnosed with cancer. We know that this semi-
nal work in the field of oncofertility will set the stage for many more volumes as
the field develops and the progress achieved makes more fertility-preserving
options a reality for women just like us.
– Lindsay Beck
Founder and Executive Director, Fertile Hope
– Joyce Reinecke, JD
Program Director, Fertile Hope
vii
Contents
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Teresa K. Woodruff and Karrie Ann Snyder
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Lindsay Beck and Joyce Reinecke
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Part I Introduction
1. The Emergence of a New Interdiscipline: Oncofertility . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Teresa K. Woodruff
Oncofertility: The New Offensive in the War on Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Secondary Effects of Treatment on the Health and Quality
of Life of Young Survivors of Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Fertility Threats Due to Cancer Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
An Emerging Urgent Unment Need for Young Cancer Patients:
Balancing Life-Preserving but Fertility-Threatening
Cancer Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Information GAP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Data GAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Option GAP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Part II Fertility Risk and Treatment Options
2. Fertility Management for Women With Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Sanjay K. Agarwal and R. Jeffrey Chang
Ovarian Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Impact of Cancer Therapies on Ovarian Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Current Techniques of Fertility Preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Embryo Freezing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Ovarian Tissue Freezing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
ix
x Contents
Oocyte Freezing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3. Fertility Preservation in Adult Male Cancer Patients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Robert E. Brannigan
The Impact of Cancer on Male Reproductive Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Endocrine Effects of Tumors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Cytotoxic Autoimmune Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Systemic Physiological Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Psychological Changes Associated with Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
The Impact of Cancer Treatment on Male Reproductive Health . . . . . . . . 32
Effects of Radiation Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Effects of Chemotherapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Effects of Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Effects of Opiods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Fertility Preservation in Male Cancer Patients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
American Society of Clinical Oncology Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Sperm Cryopreservation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Overview of Sperm Collection Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Testicular Tissue Cryopreservation (ONCO-TESE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Future Directions in Fertility Preservation in Male Cancer Patients . . . . . 45
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4. Managing Fertility in Childhood Cancer Patients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Kimberley J. Dilley
Follow-up Guidelines Related to Male Fertility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Surveillance and Screening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Additional Management Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Follow-up Guidelines Related to Female Fertility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Surveillance and Screening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Additional Management Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Optimal Care for Pediatric Cancer Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5. Fertility Risk in Pediatric and Adolescent Cancers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Clarisa R. Gracia and Jill P. Ginsberg
Scope of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
The Importance of Fertility to Cancer Patients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57