On Your Own: Evolution of Black Consciousness in South Africa/Azania

179 Pages·1989·7.743 MB·English

by  Mosibudi Mangena

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UNIVEORFVS IIRTYG INIA
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MOSIBUMDAIN GENA
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UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
Contents
Forewobyr dM okgMeotthlih abi (i)
Preface
(vii)
Abbreviations
(x)
1.Thlwilighet
1
ThBee ginning 9
2.
3.ThCeo rorot1nity
21
4.Coun'ltrroyt ting 35
5.Evidence 55
n
6.ThBea ckyard
7.ThOen slaught 99
8.WheIrTseh at
119
9.AnotDhiemre nsion
147
10A.ppendTix:h Dee finiotBfi loanc k 153
Consci-oSutseBnvieeks os
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UNIVEORFVS IIRTYG INIA
OnkgopAobsrtaTemi rao ,
studleenatda etT ru rfloop,
gavaena ddr1e0as g sr adu­
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Foreword
MosibMuadnig ebnoaoi'koss n oefs evbeyrb allaS coku th
Afritcaoap npsie tnah rle afi svtye e ars daiS socu�tnhg
Africalni beramtoivoenmo erbn ltapo clki tiocragla nisation from
thien siTdweoo. t hseurcboo hk sa rHea rMrays habeAl a's
PEOPLOEN T HEB OI.L.a .nP dh ilKlgiopsa LnEaS'WETs
FORGEbTo,pt uhb liiSsnoh ueAtdfrh i bcySa k otaPvuiblllies hers.
AnotohneerF riasnM cieslS iO'UI'sH A FRIBCAE LONTGOS
US: HAI STOORFYT HEA NC,w hiwcahps u bliis,,Zh iemd­
babwe.
Thae utoabpihiacpaplr ooafMc ahs haabneKdlg ao sana's
ogr
asw ealsMl a ngebnoao'bksrs i tnhgser iarn kcilnotgsot eh oosfe
ChiAelfb Leurtth NuellisM,oa nn dealnoadt, h wehrwosr oatse
insiadnpedar sr tiociftph aAenfr tiscN aant iCoonnagrleM sasn.­
genwar iatse sa n itnhBseli adCceokrn socifo uMsonveesmse nt
(BCMw)h iKlgeo swarnoaat beoh uietsx peraisaem necmebeo rf
thPea Anf ricCaonnigrs(etPs AsbeC f)o trheoe r ganiwsaast ion
bannbeytd h Seo uAtfhr igcoavne rnmeinn1t %0 .B otthh ese
authaosr saw,sMe elllhi a,av ste h epirri mintetnhticeoo nr rec­
ary
tioofnc ertmaiisnc oncaebpottuihteoo inrrsg aniasnasdto i ons
settthirene gc sotrrda ight.
Masbadbiefflfearr otsmh t eh rietneh h aewt a nso at" willing"
partiocfti hpmeao nvte maebnotu t hwewrh iitcnehosw r,a hsea
contemopfot rhosaiern yv olRvaetdhh.ee r ,w as "caught in the
(i)
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UNIVEORFVS IIRTYG INIA
crossfiwrheipe"lr ef orhmiijson urngalisti cd utioents h eev eonft s
thset uduepnrtisis'1ni 97 n6ag n tdh esiurbs eqsuuepnptr ebssyi on
thgeo vernmeHnewt a.ts bo e coapm aer ticith istootfrh ieasne
pan
eveannttdsoe xperifiernhscaten t dhw er aotfth hg eo vernmoennt
thosiedt e efimtts o d isciMpellifinoh,eri p. sa arltws roi atsae s
participaonft -tihneHs oiAwdNeeCvrh.e ed r i,ff freormst hree st
otfh aeu throeerfrs rt eiodtn h haert e cotuhnet sh istory and coming
oaf goef otrhgiasn imsoarlteiia konoen bs ertvheaarp n a rticipant
precbiescealhuyis asep proiasnco ahtu tobiogrlaitpkhheie c al
otheTrhsib'sr. i hni�as p procalcothso te hros oefwr itelrisk e
Nolutsahnutdnh wgeru i otfte hrfi osr eweoxcerptdt ,h Maetl i's
worikasc leaadrv oacnaddcey f eonftce h AeN Cr atthheaarnn
atteamtapd te taacnhaeldo ytfsh lieis b ermaotivoenm ent.
MangelniaMk,ae s habela," ogiuvtessi idtnehsreii" ngathnot
thwea tyh "es ysdteeamwl"isi t thes n emoirte hsow sheco h allenge
itB.o th experieannceiddm pdreitseaonttnt hmhieeao nnntod f s
thsee cuporliitacyne rd e ltahteeeixpe rr ietnhcreo utghhoeuitr
ordeMaalnsg.et naaku esis na j ournetyh,e tjyopurnieocyfaa l
black Souotfhh isl Aifefrseipe cciaafnlr,lot ymh t ei mheew as
sixteuenntt ihtlei moefh igso iinnget xiol Heed. i sctuhssteer si cks
thatt obh eea ndg aignbe yhd i fsa mciolnyt aancadtc sq uaintances
toq ualhiifyfm o urr braens idaennfdco er atchqeu iosfai tion
suiteanbdloy"r dsoemdp tahsia"stt,,h n eo torpiaosTushs.isw as
the woantylh cyao tu elnds huirlsei vainnwdgo rkiiPnnr ge toonr ia
comploefht iissot nu dies.
Wel eaorfhn i psr obliensm ese kuinnigv ersittyo admission
stusdcyi eNnocoten .dl iybd l aqcukasul nidfyae lrm iomsti ble
poss
circumtssott aunadcestyso -coapelnul neidv erseivetbnil easc,kb ut
univewresrieett ihensis ctarlulctTyuh reecyda .mt eobe known
derogaatsti rviuebnlaiylv erThseihrtaeitd eobe s .ga ood reason
foarS otho-sspetaukdtieognn agtai dnm isasatZi uolnou rX hosa
univesruscaihstt hUyen iveorfZs uiltuyol ra nFodof Hr atr aen,d
vivceer Hsean.ac fet fearit logi anaigdn m isasFtio orHnta rhee,
managtehdr osuhgehdee rt ermiannhdai tgsiood o hni gshc hool
gradteos hhaivmes elft oat dhUmeni itvteoerfZds uiltuyl and.
Iwta wsh ihlewe a ass tudaeZtnu tl utlhaManatdn gena became
am embetrh Seoo fuA tfhr iSctaund ents' (OSASrOg)a.n isation
(ii)
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UNIVEORFVS IIRTYG INIA
Latheewr a tsobe comNea tionalo ftOh rganiseBerl aPceko ple's
ConvenItnZi uolnu.hl esa nedri vtneh dSe t udReenptr esentative
Coun(ciSlR uCn)d tehprer �idoefn cMyt hSuhlewizih ,lok a at er
becaSmASeO 'lsoc aclh airMmaanng-eexnpal tahiuenn sc larity
oft hSeA SIOd eoaltiogy te sa rsltyap gaerst,i icrnue lgaarrldy to
thtree atmoefhn otm ellaenadd Feorirsn .s tCahniceMe,af n ­
gosuBtuhtuh ewlaoesrzi i gienlaelvlaaybt oeovdte hB earn tustan
leadaenrrdes g awridtsehod m aem ouonfrt e speIctt .ow nalsy
latientr hev eo lutoifo nSt AhSaaOt t o ugshtearwn acets a ken
towatrhdeasser eaanstd h eir Alsea am deemrbeosrf.S ASO
Mangneonotan rubbedl y shouwlidttehhrle si okSfe hse bzuaitl, s o
Barney PityRaannaw,eN dezin gwekShturMliood,lune,iy ,S aths
Coopera,ws e alSslt eBvilceoa ,m oontgh eHrers e.ft eoSrh sea zis
onoeft hfier martyrsst oft he BSChMem.zie htid se awthheh ne
was ptuowsahreaddnos n comtirnabgiya wn h irtaei lwwoaryk er
aftperre vicoomuisntlgtoy hd ee feonfsc oemb el awcokm ewnh o
werbee iinlgl -tbryte hwaeot rekde r.
Mangweansa floarttceoler ed a tvhUeen iveorfZs uiltuyl and
aftacoe nrc eretffeobdrys t o mweh istteam ffe mbteofr ashi ilm
follaonwa irnthgieh c alwder itftaevnoo efuic rno nosmaincc tions
agaSionusAttfrh i cFar.ot mh ehreje o itnhePedr etborraionafc h
SAS(OP RE)S,uO n dtehrce h airmanship ofM ogoRbaem ose,
teaclhiitnetgrao ad cuiylMn ta sbo paHnoew.e vtehsreo,yo h na d
toa ccommcodhaitlead swr eebelncl a uosfcre o wdecdo nditions
anlda ck oaftg osvpearnmcesenc th ooTlhse.cs lea swseerse
accommodbaytC eadt hporliiecCs lte mFMeron kto aktha i s
churpcrehmises, w haol psaor ticiiptnha aetcti evdi ties.
Mangewnaasa rrebsytt heSedo uAtfrhi csecuriatny police
folloonwoiefn goh rigsa nivsiasttioPito osErn ltai lz abeth, during
whihcehh a sdt opapsteo dmO er anFgreeS et attoew Hnesw .a s
charwgietryingtd h tor ectrwupooil ti cemfeomnri littraariyn ing
whiilnaet raointn h viiss Hietw .ad se tafionarel dm tohsrte e
montbhesfh oewr aecs h arged. sNaetyeh,cde ol nedsiostf i toon s
hidse tenatsti hooonsfo,e t hbelrad cekt aiwneerdeeis s,g usting
anudn ffiotahr u mbeainn g.r aTthahemeyor u nttboee dibn ugr ied
aliivnade e tecnetwlihloe,nhr uen ganetdrh irsatnve,dr fimlitnh
heslwda Oyn.lr ye cenrtellyed aesteadci antnee essttify wo h ether
(iii)
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