On the truth of the Catholic faith = Summa contra gentiles. Book four: Salvation

362 Pages·1957·3.63 MB·English

by  Thomas Aquinas

" . w.e s halplr oceteodm akek nownt hattr uth
whicshu rpasrseeass oann,s wertihnego bjectioofn s
itasd versaarnides se ttifnogr tthh et rutohf f aith
byp robabalreg umenatnsdb ya uthorittoit ehse,
besotf o ura bility." -St.T homaAsq uinas
SummaC ontrGae ntiles-BOonoek
Thusd oeSst T.h omasa nnountchee t hemeo fB ookF our
ofs eci,n w hichhe d iscourosne tsh em ystertiheasct a n
makem enj oyfaunld g lafdo rever-mtyhset eroifes sa lva­
tionF.a itihst hei nitkinaolw ledbgyew hicwhe enteirn to
thesmey sterainedsi ,n t his voSltu.Tm heo masm aketsh e
transitfiroonm" divine tahcicnogrsd iansgt hen atural
reasocna na rriavtet hek nowled[goeft hem]t"o " those
divinteh intghsa hta veb eend ivinreelvye alteoud s t ob e
believseidn,ct eh etyr ansctehned humiannt ellect."
Accordintghliyis,m portavnotl umceo nsidtehresi nner
lifoef t hed iviTnrei nity. Tihtse tnucdei Jeess uCsh rist,
\�hoi sI ncarnaGtoed ,u nder severala sat shpeme acnt s:
whos ufferaendd d ieda;st heG od �1o raistehde d ead,
commandetdh ee lements, fsoirnrg,oa svfeer omt hed ead
anda scendiendt oh eavenS.t .T homast hent reatosf
Chrisdtu'asl naitnuo rneed ivine pearnsdho onw,H e ex­
tendHsi sp owerg,r acper,e sencet eaancdh itnhgr outghhe
SacramenFtisn.a lly, Aquinas exiammmionretsa lmiatny';s
salvatainoddn a mnatitohne;L asJtu dgmenatn dw hat\ vill
folliotw.
Now availaibnlt eh issu pernbe wE nglitshr anslation,
StT.h omasm'a sterpibeecleo nignst hel ibraorfey v eryone
whov aluoeusr C hristhiearni tage.
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one vearsyp oeftc htwe o rokfS tT.h omAaqsu iHniatrssa .n s­
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MediaSetvuadilin Te osr ofnrtoo1m 9 3t6o1 93i9nw, h ich
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MedivaaSlet udfireotsmh P eo ntiIfincsatli tute.
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facuolfMt ayr quUentitvee Hresi isnto ywP. r ofeosfs oPrh i­
losoaptMh ayr quePtrtees.i dtehnAetm eorfi can Catholic
PhilosAospshoiccfiaralot1 mi94 o5t no1 9,5h 5ei asm ember
oft hAem eriPchainl osophicaanld o nAoesf st ohcei ation
foundmienmgb eorfts h Wei scoPnhsiilno sAospshoicciaal­
tion.
DrO.' Nehiawlsr itmtaenanyr tifcolre sv sacrhilooylu asr
jonuarlasm,o ntgh eTmh eM odeSmc hoolTmhaonu,g ht,
Proceeodfti hnAegm se riCcaatnh olic PAhsisloocsioap­hical
tioann,Td h eNe w Schllsolti.cH iesh macso ntritboEu st­ed
sayisnT homiesdmi,bt yeF da ther ER.Bo rbeenrnOt.a Pn.,;
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FathHearr olGda rCd.iS n.IeJnr1.9 , 5 h5ed elivteharene ­d
nualle ctouftr heAer istoStoectliyoie fMa anr quUentietrve­
stiyp,u bliisnih teAsdq uiLneacst Suerreai sIe msp rudence
inS tT.h omAaqsu inas.

Sai1nhto maAsq uinas
ON THE TRUTHO F
THE CATHOLIFCA ITH
SUMMAC ONTRAG ENTLIES
BOOKF OUR:S ALVATION
TranslwaittaehndI ,n troducatniNdoo nt ebsy,
CHARLEJS.O 'NEIL
PROFESSOOFPR H ILOSOPHY
MARQUETUTNEIV ERSITY
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A DiviosfDi oounb l&e Cdoamnypy aI,n c.
GardCeintN ye,wY ork
PRINTNIG HSITORY
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1sptr inting Janu1a9r y5,7
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CenLsiobrr orurn
Imprim>I< aFRtAuNCrICS:AR DINLA SPELLMAN
Archboifs hYNooeprw k
Octo3b,1e 9r5 6
COVERB Y RONALD CLYNE
TYPOGRAPHY BY JOSEPHP . ASCHERL
Contents
Introduction 11
Bibliography 29
CllAPTER
1.F oreword 35
2.Th atth eriegs e nerpaatitoenrn,ai ntysd,o nsihni p
the Divinity 40
3·Th att hSeo onf God is God 42
4·T heo pinoifPo hno tionnt uhsSe o onf G oda,n d
itrse futation 43
5·T heo pinoifSo anb eolnlt ihuSeso o nf G oda,n d
itrse futation 48
6.T heop inoifAo rni aubso thuetS oonf God 51
7· Refuotfta htei oonpo ifAn riioounnts h Seo onf
God 55
8.S oluotifot nha eu thowrhiitAcirhei spu rso posed
fohrim self 62
9·S oluotfit ohaneu thoorfPi htoiteaisnn uds S ao-f
bellius 73
10A.r gumeangtasid nisvtgi ennee raantpdir oonc es-
sion 75
11H.o wg eneriastt oib oeun n dersitnd oiovdi nity,
anwdh aitss a oifdt hSeo onf G od Sicnr iptur7e9
12H.o wt hSeo onf Gmoadby ec altlhewedi sdom of
God 90
13T.h atth eirbseu otn Seo innt hDei vinity 92
14S.o luotifot nha er gumaegnatidsni svtgi ennee ra-
tiopnr eviionutrsoldyu ced 97
15O.n th eH olSyp itrhiaHtte,i isn d ivinity 104
16A.r gumwehnitmcsah d seo mteh itnhkHe o lSyp irit
a creature 104
6 CONTENTS
17·T hatthH eo lSyp iirtsir tGu oed 107
18T.h atthH eo lSyp iirasis tu bsiPsetresnotn 113
19H.o wo ne muunsdter wshtaaitnss da aibdo tuhte
HolSyp irit 116
20O.n t he eafftetcrtistb otu htHeeo dl Syp iirni t
Scrirpetguarrtedh wiehn ogcl ree ation 191
21O.n t heeff ecattstr ibtuott heHedo lSyp iirni t
Scrirpetugraert dhriean tgi corneaalst ouf raaers,
God'st oug sai rfceto sn cerned 121
22. thOeenff eactttrsi btuott hHeeod l Syp iirnthia tt
Hem ovtehsce r eattoGu orde 125
23A.n a nswteotr h aer gumgeinvtaesbn o avgea inst
thdei vionfti htey Holy Spirit 172
24T.h atth e SHpoilpryri otc fereodmsS otnh e 133
25A.r gumoefn tsthw ohsowe a nttos hotwh at the
HolSyp idroientso p tr ocfereotdmh e Son and the
answers 141
26T.h atth earrebe u tth rPeeer siondn isv yi:tn hiet
FathtehSreo, n a,n d HtohlSeyp irit 143
27O.n t hIen carnoaftti hWoeon r adc cortdoti hneg
tradoiftS icorinp ture 147
28O.n t heerr orP hooft aibnoutusht Ie n carnat1i4o8n
29O.n t heerr oorft hMea nichaebaotnuhstIe n car-
nation 149
30O.n t heerr oorfV alenatbiotnuhetIe n carnat1i45o n
31O.n t heer rro ofA pollaibnoaturhtibe so doyf
Christ 165
p. On tehrreoo rfA riaunsd Apollitnhaer is about
soulC hroif st 185
33O·n t heerr oorfA pollwihnosa artyihsse ,wr aens o
ratiosnoauillnC hriasnttd;h e err oorfO rigen,
whos atyhsse o ouflC hrwiascstr eabteefdto hree
world 161
34· tOheenr roofTrh eodoofMr oep suaensNdte es -
torointu hsue n iooftn h Weo rtdom an 163
3·5A gaitnheserrt o orfE u tyches 147
36O.n t heer roofMr a caroifAu nst iwohcohh ,o lds
therbeu ti wsoi nilenCl h rist 108
37A·g aitnhsowtsh eos atihda ts otauhnlebd o ddyo
nocto nisttuaut nei itnCy h rist 128
CONTENTS 7
38A.g aitnhsowtsh eop uttw sou ppoosrhi ytpso stases
int hoen Pee rsoofCn h rist 185
39W·h atth Cea thfoaliihtcoh la dbso tuhtIe n carna-
tiono fC hrist 189
40O.b jecatigoanifsna siittnt h h Ien carnation1 90
41H.o wo nseh ouunldde rtshtIean ncda ronaftt hieo n
Soonf G od 193
42.T.h atth aes sumpotfhi uomnan na tuwrameso st
suittote hdWe o rodfG od 198
43T·h atthh eu manna tausrseu mtehdWe o brydd i d
noptr e-eixtiasss ts umpbtiuowtna a,ss suimne d
thceo nceipttsieolnf 199
44T·h athte human natbuytr heWe o arsidsn u med
thec onceipttisowenalp sfe rfiensc otau nlbd o dy2. 01
45T·h aitbt e caCmher tiosb teb oronfa v irgin 2.02.
46T.h aCth rwiasbsto rno ft hHeo lSyp irit 2.05
47·T haCth rwiasnsto t stohoneft hHeo lSyp iirni t
thflee sh 2.06
48T.h aCth rimsuts nto btec alalc erde ature 2.07
49S·o luotifto nha er gumaegnatitsnh Isent c arnation
givaebno ve 2.08
50T.h aotr igsiiinntrsa a ln smiftrtotmeh fider psatr -
enttoh idse scendants 2.12.
51O.b jecatigoaniosnr sitgs iinna l 2.15
52.S.o luotifto hnoe b jecptiroonpso sed 2.17
53A·r gumwehnitssc ehe tmop rotvheGa otd I'nsc ar-
natiwoanns o stu itable 2.2.3
54T·h aitwt a ssu itfaoGbrol det o b em adflee sh 2.2.8
55A·n swteort haer gumpernetvsi soeudtso lwyn
agaitnhsseut i taboifthl eiI tnyc arnation 2.33
56O.n t hnee ceosfst ihsteay c raments 2.46
57·T hed istinocftt hiseoa nc raomfte hnOtels ad n d
thNee wL aw 2.48
58O.n t hneu mboeftr h sea craomfte hnNete swL aw 2.49
59O·n b aptism 2.5 0
6oO.n c onfirmation 2.15
61O.n t hEeu charist 2.52.
62.O.n t heerr oorft hien fidaeblotsuh tse a craomfe nt
thEeu charist 2.53
8 CONTENTS
63S.o luotfit ohdnei fficusletdtio ewsnfi r:s atb,o ut
thceo nveorfts hieo nb rtehaed obifCon hdtryoi s2t5 7
64S.o luotfti hooenb jecmtiaodrnees g arpdliancge2 61
65S.o luotfti hooenb jecrteigoanrasdc icnigd en2t6s2
66S.o luotfit ohnoe b jecrteigoanrasdc itnaigon nd
passion 264
67S.o luotfi ootnbh jee crteigoanrfsdr iancgt io2n6 7
68S.o luotfthi eoa nu thoirnittryo duced 268
69O.n t hkei nodfb reaandwd i nteh aartte ob eu sed
int hsiasc rament 269
70. Osna ctrhaoemfp e ennta anncdfier,,s t th,ma et n
aftreerc esiavcirnagmg ernaatcraaeebl tl oes in 272
71. aTm haanst i nnaifnttgeh grer aocfte h sea cra-
menctasbn ec onvebrygt readc e 275
72. tOhnene ceosfpse intayan ncodefi tpsa rts 277
73O·n t hsea craomfee xntteru enmction 282
74· Osna ctrhaoemf oe rndte rs 285
75· thOdeni stionfoc rtdieorns 288
76O.n t heep ispcoowpaeanrltd h at tohnieetsr h eei n
highest 290
77· Thsaatc rtachmaeebn ned t iss pebnyes vemidil n -
isters 293
78O.n t hsea craomfme anttr imony 295
79T·h atth roCuhgrhti hsrete surroefbc otdiiiosen s
toc ome 297
SoO.b jecatgiaoitnnhsrse et s urrection 300
81S.o luotfti hooenb jecmteinotniso ned 302
82T.h amte wni rlilis mem ortal 308
83T.h aatm otnhgre i stehnew riebl eln ou soeff ood
ors exual love 311
84. tThhbeao td oifte hso wsheo wriiblselte h sea me
inn ature 302
85T.h atthb eo doifte hsre i sweihnla lv aen otdhiesr-
position 323
86O.n t hqeu aoligftl yo ribfioeddi es 325
87O.n t hpel aocfteh gel orbiofideide s 327
88O.n t hsee x aagoneftd h rei sen 328
89. tOhnqeu aloiftt hyre i sbeond iaemso ntgh e
damned 303