On The Status Of Pachycheles Laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Porcellanidae)

8 Pages·1996·3.4 MB·

by  A W Harvey

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
109(4):707-7I4. 1996
On the status of Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea:
Decapoda: Porcellanidae)
Alan W. Harvey and Elizabeth M. De Santo
Department ofInvertebrates, American Museum of Natural History,
Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024, U.SA.
—
Abstract. Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892, previously considered
a synonym ofthe eastern Pacific P. grossimanus (Guerin-Meneville, 1835), has
been found to be a distinct species. Examination of type and non-type speci-
mens of P. laevidactylus, P. grossimanus, and the western Atlantic P. haigae
Rodrigues da Costa, 1960 also demonstrated thatP. haigae is ajunior synonym
of P. laevidactylus.
Guerin-Meneville (1835) briefly de- pers. comm.) and thus are probably the
scribed the porcelain crab Porcellana gros- same specimens studied by Ortmann. Our
simana from specimens collected in Chile; examination of these specimens indicates
later he provided a more complete descrip- that Ortmann was correct in his assessment
tion and an illustration, and restricted the that they are conspecific with P. laevidac-
type locality to Valparaiso (Guerin-Mene- tylus.
ville 1838). Stimpson (1858) designated P. Unfortunately, two of the ANSP speci-
grossimana as the type species for his new mens also lack locality data, and the third
genus Pachycheles. Subsequent records in- (ANSP 4168), from the U.S. Exploring Ex-
dicate that P. grossimanus is broadly dis- pedition, is only labelled "Pacific Ocean."
tributed along the temperate eastern Pacific This vague labelling may be considered
coast of South America (Rathbun 1910, suspect given the extent to which speci-
Haig 1955, 1960). mens from this expedition were separated
In his survey of the decapod crustacean from their labels (Dana 1852:2). Both the
collections of the Strasbourg Museum, Ort- types of P. laevidactylus and the ANSP
mann (1892) described P. laevidactylus specimens differ in several respects from
from Brazil. Ortmann (1897) subsequently the type specimen of P grossimanus. Fur-
decided that this locality data was unrelia- thermore, they appear to be identical to P.
ble, and synonymized P. laevidactylus with haigae Rodrigues da Costa, 1960. We thus
the eastern Pacific P. grossimanus. He conclude that P. laevidactylus is not con-
based this decision on his examination of specific with P. grossimanus butis identical
specimens ofP. grossimanus during a visit to P. haigae, and that therefore P. haigae
to the Academy ofNatural Sciences in Phil- is a junior subjective synonym of P. laevi-
adelphia (ANSP). Ortmann (1897) did not dactylus.
provide catalog numbers for the three spec- In this paper we provide diagnoses and
imens ofP. grossimanus he examined atthe illustrations for P. grossimanus and P. lae-
ANSP. However, during a recent visit to the vidactylus, and a full description of P. lae-
ANSP collections, we could find only three vidactylus (see Haig 1960 for a full descrip-
specimens labelled as P. grossimanus. The tion of P. grossimanus). Material from this
low catalog numbers ofthese specimens in- study came from the collections of the
dicate that they have been at the ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadel-
since at least the 1880's (G. Rosenberg, phia, American Museum ofNatural History
708 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
(AMNH), Museum national d'Histoire na- hia San Vicente, 36°43'36"S, 73°08'10"W,
turelle (MNHN), Musee Zoologique de littoral, 9 Jun 1949, Lund University Chile
rUniversite Louis Pasteur et de la Ville de Expedition sta. no. M121, SMNH 15317;
Strasbourg (MZS), Museu de Zoologia 1 male (CL 21.00 mm), 1 female (CL 12.89
Universidade de Sao Paulo (MZUSP), mm). Canal Chacao, 41°46'30"S, 73°45'
Swedish Museum of Natural History 45"W, 40 m, 4 May 1949, Lund University
(SMNH), and Natural Museum of Natural Chile Expedition sta. no. M94, SMNH
History (USNM). Carapace length (CL) is 15318; 3 males (CL 5.78-7.71 mm), 6 fe-
provided as an indicator of specimen size. males (CL 6.63-9.28 mm), 40 juveniles
Illustrations were created using an im- (CL 1.96-3.93 mm), Peninsula Coquimbo
proved version of the approach used by 29°55'56"S, 71°21'08"W, littoral, 24 Jun
Harvey (1992): specimen images were first 1949, Lund University Chile Expedition
captured on a Macintosh® computer with a sta. no. Ml27, SMNH 15320; 1 male (CL
digital camera connected to a Wild M8 dis- 17.00 mm), numerous juveniles (CL 1.96-
secting microscope, then prepared for pub- 4.17 mm), Puerto Mejillones del Sur,
lication using the programs Adobe Photo- 23°06'30"S, 70°28'00"W, 0-0.5 m, 30 Jun
shop® and Adobe Illustrator^. 1949, Lund University Chile Expedition
sta. no. Ml29, SMNH 15321.
Pachycheles grossimanus Peru: 1 female (CL 5.83 mm), Chincha,
(Guerin-Meneville, 1835) N. island, from seaweed, 18 Jun 1907, coll.
Fig. 1 R. E. Cocker, USNM 40477; 1 male (CL
18.41 mm), Callao, MNHN-Pg 5321.
Porcellana grossimana Guerin-Meneville, —
Diagnosis. Carapace with lateral mar-
1835:116; 1838:8; plate VII 26, fig. 3.
gins parallel. Front rounded in dorsal
Pachycheles grossimanus: Stimpson, 1858:
view; dorsal surface with tuft of setae.
2t1e2(z8ian.n—apaHratei)tg,,aaln1.,9d6r01e:9f16e65r7e:-n21c56e-9s2,6thp.el—raetieVni.3v—5i,aAnfniig-,. Llaartgeeralanwtaelrlisorofpiceacrea,pac1e lcaorngseistpionsgteorfio1r
piece, and several small posterior frag-
1968:51; fig. 10, 14k. (See remarks.) ments. Basal segment of antennule armed
—
Holotype. Chile: 1 specimen, presum- with up to 3 tubercles on medial anterior
ably male (CL 7.8 mm), "Chili", margin, and few flattened granules on an-
MNHN-Ga 3954. (See remarks.) — terolateral dorsal surface. Carpus and ma-
Additional material examined. Chile: nus of chelipeds with rounded, indistinct
1 ovigerous female (CL 17.00 mm), Mon- posterior margins and large, densely
temar, near Valparaiso, 32°57'24"S, 71° packed granules forming irregular rows
33'25"W, Httoral, 16 Oct 1948, Lund Uni- near posterior margin. Carpus with ante-
versity Chile Expedition sta. no. Ml23, rior crest granular to serrate, divided by
SMNH 15319; 1 male (CL 4.23 mm), 1 notch into broad proximal tooth and acute
female (CL 2.38 mm), 1 juvenile (CL 1.87 subdistal tooth. Manus with large granular
mm), Tocopilla, 22°05'S, 70°13'W, littoral, tubercle near base ofpollex. Walking legs
5 Jan 1949, Lund University Chile Expe- densely setose. Telson 7-plated, some-
dition sta. no. M158, SMNH 15315; 1 fe- times incompletely so. Second pleopods
male (CL 6.67 mm), 4juveniles (CL 2.16- present in males—.
2.88 mm), Cavancha, S of Iquique, Distribution. Callao, Peru to Canal
20°14'07"S, 70°10'05"W, littoral, 5 Jul Chacao, Chile; primarily intertidal; excep-
1949, Lund University Chile Expedition tionally to.4—0 m (Haig 1960).
sta. no. M135, SMNH 15316; 5 males (CL Remarks. Guerin-Meneville (1835,
5.60-14.58 mm), 3 females (CL 5.65-6.61 1838) did not specify where his specimens
mm), 8 juveniles (CL 2.68-5.36 mm), Ba- were deposited, but Prof. Jacques Forest
VOLUME 109, NUMBER4 709
Fig. 1. Pachycheles grossimanus (Guerin-Meneville, 1835); male, USNM 98288. A, carapace; B, basal
segment ofright antennule, ventral view; C, merus ofright outer maxilliped, ventral view; D, ischium ofright
outer maxilliped, ventral view; E, major cheliped.
and Dr. Nguyen Ngoc-Ho (in litt.) of the Pachycheles grossimanus co-occurs with
MNHN
concur that the single dry specimen P. crinimanus Haig, 1960 in Peru (see Haig
was part of Guerin-Meneville's collection 1960 for distinguishing characteristics of
and is most likely the holotype. We could these species), but otherwise appears to be
not determine the sex of the holotype with the only Pachycheles in its range. Haig
certainty because the specimen is glued to (1960) recorded ANSP 4168 as P. grossi-
a wooden base. manus, as did Ortmann (1897), but this
710 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
specimen is in fact referable to P. laevidac- bos, 8 Jul 1953, on the coast after storm,
USNM
tylus (see below). coll. Leoncio Sanabria, 99851.
"Pacific Ocean" (but see remarks): 1
Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892 male (CL 10.46 mm), U.S. Exploring Ex-
Fig. 2 pedition, ANSP 4168.
No locality data: 2 females (CL 8.81-
Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892: 10.67 mm), ANSP 740.
266. plate 12, fig. 1. —
Diagnosis. Front triangular in dorsal
Pachycheles grossimanus: Ortmann, 1897:
292.—Haig, 1955:43-44 (in part); 1960: view; dorsal surface with tuft of setae. Lat-
eral margins of carapace consisting of 1
167, plate 35, fig. 1 (in part). (See re-
marks.) [Not P. grossimanus (Guerin- large anterior piece, 1 large posteriorpiece,
and usually several small posterior frag-
Meneville).]
ments. Basal segment of antennule armed
Pachycheles haigae Rodrigues da Costa,
with 3 to 5 strong spines on medial anterior
1960:21, figs. 1-4.—Boschi, 1963:31,
margin, and 2 to 4 spines on the anterolat-
feitgsa.l.,1,1936;7:169;791:913972;:516—9.8—1:Br7e3m5e.c—&BoCsaczh-i cerhaellidpoerdssalwistuhrfapcoes.teCraiorrpussubamnadrgmiananlusfuor-f
zaniga, 1984, fig. 2. da Silva et al.,
row, scattered long setae, and small, evenly
1989, figs. 2, 11.
— spaced granules. Carpus with anterior crest
Syntypes. 1 male (CL 9.04 mm), 1 fe- divided by notch into broad proximal tooth
male (CL 8.43 mm), no collection data, and acute subdistal tooth; dorsal surface
MZS
380. — with 3 lateral longitudinal ridges, each
Additionalmaterialexamined. Brazil: 2 topped with row of enlarged granules. Ma-
males (CL 4.85-7.93 mm), 1 female (dam- nus with large, elongate, granular tubercle
aged), Gragoata, Rio de Janeiro, coll. H. R. near base of pollex. Walking legs with se-
Costa, Aug 1959, MZUSP 10593; 3 males tose margins. Telson 5-plated. Second ple-
(CL 5.40-6.25 mm), 1 ovigerous female opods present —in males.
(CL 5.67 mm), Abrolhos, Bahia, coll. H. R. Description. Carapace (Fig. 2A) about
Costa, 3 Feb 1957, MZUSP 10594; 3 males as broad as long in males, slightly broader
(3.96-8.26 mm), 2 ovigerous females than long in females; posterolateral margins
(6.04-10.40 mm), Isla de Sao Francisco, convex; dorsolateral ridges pronounced;
Santa Catarina, coll. F H. A. Costa, 31 Jul dorsal surface with posterolateral regions
1989, MZUSP 9984; 6 males (CL 2.74- plicate; posterior margin curving inward
10.96 mm), 6 females (CL 2.50-8.67 mm), medially; dorsal surface nearly naked ex-
3 juveniles (CL 1.67-1.73 mm), Paronopria cept for tuft ofshort plumose setae on fron-
Beach, Sao Vicente, shore, coll. C. V. Mich- tal region. Front triangular in dorsal view,
AMNH
eletti, 4 Oct 1994, 17451; 2 males trilobate in frontal view; median lobe pro-
(CL 9.40-10.72 mm), Rio De Janeiro, jecting farther than lateral lobes; with me-
MCZ 11848; 1 female (CL 5.12 mm), Vi- dian groove dorsally. Outer orbital angle
toria, coll. Hartt and Copeland, Thayer Ex- produced into an acute tooth, inner orbital
MCZ
pedition, 11849; 10 males (CL 4.23- angle slightly pronounced. Orbits deep, and
9.52 mm), 8 ovigerous females (CL 4.29- broad; eyes large. Lateral margins of cara-
7.35 mm), Ilhas De Sante Anna, coll. Hartt, pace (Fig. 2B) consisting of 1 large anterior
MCZ
11850; 1 male (CL 8.67 mm), re- piece, 1 large posterior piece, and usually
ceived in 1865 from Smithsonian Institu- several small posterior fragments.
MCZ
tion, U.S. Exploring Expedition, Basal segment of antennule (Fig. 2C)
1395. armed with 3 to 5 spines (the type male has
Uruguay: 3 males (CL 9.40-11.33 mm), 2 spines on the right basal antennular seg-
3 females (CL 9.88-13.01 mm), IslaDeLo- ment, 3 on the left) on medial anterior mar-
VOLUME 109, NUMBER4 711
Fig. 2. Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892; male, USNM 99851. A, carapace; B, left side wall of
carapace; C, basal segment ofright antennule, ventral view; D, merus ofright outer maxilliped, ventral view;
E, ischium ofright outer maxilliped, ventral view; E major cheliped.
gin (visible from dorsal view); with 2 to 4 trilobate stemite; median lobe of stemite
spines on anterolateral dorsal surface; dor- equalling or slightly exceeding lateral
sal surface with 2 transverse granular lines. lobes; ischium (Fig. 2E) with medioproxi-
Second segment of antenna with distal tu- mal angle only slightly obtuse, almostright-
bercule on anterior margin; third segment angled; merus (Fig. 2D) with pronounced
granular, sometimes more pronounced near medial lobe, subquadrate in shape, and usu-
distal and proximal margins. Flagella with ally dentate anteriorly.
minute setae. Chelipeds unequal in size (major: Fig.
Third maxillipeds with moderately deep. 2F). Merus with granular tooth on anterior
712 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
margin, projecting about as far as carpus mann 1897) noted that the specimens
teeth; ventral margin ofmerus distinct, ven- lacked acquisition data, and thus could not
trodistal angle usually with 2 small gran- safely conclude where they came from. Un-
ules. Carpus and manus with weak submar- fortunately, locality data is also lacking for
ginal furrow on posterior margins, and scat- two of the three ANSP specimens that led
tered long plumose setae towards posterior Ortmann to synonomize P. laevidactylus
margins; with very short, often vestigial, with P. grossimanus, and the locality ofthe
plumose setae arising in groups from distal third specimen (i.e., "Pacific Ocean") is
side of larger granules. Carpus with crest vague and open to question.
on anterior margin, divided by notch into The syntype specimens of P. laevidac-
broad proximal tooth and somewhat acute tylus differ from P. grossimanus in numer-
subdistal tooth; dorsal surface covered with ous respects (because the holotype of P.
small granules, more pronounced near pos- grossimanus is dry, fragile, and glued to a
terior margin; surface with 3 longitudinal frame, most of the following comparisons
ridges, each topped with row of enlarged are based on non-type specimens of P.
granules; 1 ridge is medial, 2 close together grossimanus that we established to be con-
between medial ridge and lateral margin; specific with the holotype). In P. grossi-
dorsal surface with few long plumose setae. manus, the front of the carapace has a
Manus covered with small granules; large, rounded anterior margin (Fig. lA); the lat-
elongate, granular tubercle nearbase ofpol- eral margins of the carapace are parallel
lex; fingers with smaller, flattened granules (Fig. lA); the basal segment of the anten-
on minor chela, nearly smooth on major nule has three or fewer tubercles on the dis-
chela. Major manus nearly lacking pubes- tal margin and at most a few flattened gran-
cence dorsally; ventral surface of manus ules on the anterolateral surface (Fig. IB);
with tuft of setae at base of fingers; pollex in the outer maxillipeds, the medial lobe of
pubescent, with single medial tubercule on the merus is obliquely subtriangular (Fig.
cutting edge; dactyl pubescent on distal IC), and the medioproximal angle of the
half, cutting edge with basal tubercule; fin- ischium is broadly obtuse (Fig. ID); the
gers gaping, crossing at tips. Minor cheli- chelipeds (Fig. IE) lack submarginal fur-
ped with at most trace of setation on dorsal rows, and are more densely covered with
surface, outermargin with long bristles; fin- larger granules; the margin of the anterior
gers meeting entire length of cutting edge, crest of the carpus of the chelae is granular
crossing at tips. to serrate; the walking legs are densely se-
Walking legs with scattered setae on an- tose; and the telson is seven-plated, al-
terior margins of merus, carpus, and prop- though the anterior plates are sometimes
odus. Anterior margin of carpus with 1 partially fused.
small tubercle and 2 granules distally. Prop- We could not examine type specimens of
odus with 4 moveable spines ventrally: 2 the western Atlantic P. haigae for this
distal, 1 subdistal, and 1 medial; dactyl with study. The holotype was deposited at the
3 corneous spines along ventral margin. Instituto Oceanografico, which apparently
Abdomen smooth; telson with five plates no longer exists (G. de Melo, pers. comm.),
in males and females. Second pleopods and the location of the holotype is un-
present in males.— known. Several paratypes are deposited at
Distribution. Pernambuco, Brazil to the Museu Nacional, which was unfortu-
Monte Hermoso, Argentina (39°00'S, nately closed due to a strike during this
61°16"W); in—tertidal to 12 m. study. However, we were able to examine
Remarks. Although Ortmann (1982) several specimens of P. haigae from the
cited Brazil as the type locality in his de- type locality and two other localities
scription of P. laevidactylus, he later (Ort- (Abrolhos and Isla de Sao Francisco),
——
VOLUME 109, NUMBER4 713
where paratypes were collected, including ofthe anterior carpal crest are irregular and
part of Rodrigues da Costa's collections, serrate. Furthermore, in P. chubutensis the
which were donated to the MZUSP afterhis dorsal surface of the carpus and manus is
death. usually covered with short dense setae, but
Whereas P. laevidactylus is easily distin- this varies considerably and we have seen
guished from P. grossimanus, we can find virtually naked individuals.
no differences between P. laevidactylus and
P. haigae, and mustconclude thatP. haigae Acknowledgments
is a junior subjective synonym of P. laevi-
dactylus. Thus, whether or not Ortmann's For access to the types of P. laevidacty-
type material came from Brazil, P. laevi- lus, we thank Elisabeth Lang of the MSZ.
dactylus is currently known only from the We also thank Raymond B. Manning and
western Atlantic. Rafael Lemaitre (USNM), Lennart Sand-
The tuft of setae on the front of the car- berg (SMNH), Gustavo A. S. de Melo
apace distinguishes P. laevidactylus from (MZUSP), Gary Rosenberg (ANSP), and
all other species in the western Atlantic ex- Nguyen Ngoc-Ho and Jacques Forest
cept P. chubutensis Boschi, 1963 and P. (MNHN), for providing specimens and sug-
monilifer Dana, 1852. In P. chubutensis the gestions, and Carla Valeria Micheletti, at
front is rounded, and the lateral walls ofthe the Universidade Estadual Paulista, for pro-
carapace consist of a very large anterior viding freshly collected specimens of P.
piece and only a single small posteriorfrag- laevidactylus. Thanks also to Lara Tolchin,
ment. In P. monilifer, the basal segment of who assisted with the illustrations. This
the antennule lacks obvious spination, and work was supported by a NSF Research
males lack pleopods. Experience for Undergraduates fellowship
Cheliped morphology can also easily dis- (E. M. De Santo), which was extended by
AMNH.
tinguish P. laevidactylus from other west- the
em Atlantic species ofPachycheles. Unlike
P. laevidactylus, several species {P. acklei- Literature Cited
anus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880; P. monilifer,
P. rugimanus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880; and Antezana, T, E. Fagetti, & M. T. Lopez. 1965. Ob-
P. susanae Gore & Abele, 1973) have servacciones bioecol—ogicas en decapodos co-
munesdeValparaiso. RevistadeBiologiaMa-
heavily sculptured chelipeds; P. pilosus (H.
rina 12:1-60.
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(Stimpson, 1858) are smooth and shiny. In Bulletin ofthe U.S. Fish Commission 20 (part
P. greeleyi (Rathbun, 1900), P. serratus 2):131-148.
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(Benedict, 1901), P. chacei Haig, 1955, and
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699-758 in D. Boltovskoy, ed.. Atlas del zoo-
those of P. laevidactylus, and the anterior plancton del Atlantico sudoccidental y metodos
crest of the chelae carpus consists of small de trabajocon zooplancton marino. Publicacion
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of P. chubutensis are similar to those ofP. sarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Ministerio de
Comercio e Intereses Maritimos, RepublicaAr-
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base of the pollex is absent, and the teeth ogo ilustrado de los crustaceos estomatopodos
——
714 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
—
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