On the spider species described by L. Koch in 1882 from the Balearic Islands (Araneae)

2012·10.1 MB·English

by  Robert Bosmans

2
ArachnologischeMitteilungen43:5-16 Nuremberg,July2012
On the spider species described by L. Koch in 1882 from the Balearic Islands
(Araneae)
Robert Bosnians&JohanVan Keer
doi;10.5431/aramit4306
Abstract:ExaminationoftheL.Koch collection oftheZoological Museum in Berlin allowsusto proposethefol-
lowing new synonyms and corr\b\naX\ons:Erigonemarina L.Koch, 1882 = Oedothoraxfuscus (Blackwall, 1834) n.syn.;
Theridionelimatum L.Koch, 1882 =Enoplognathadiversa (Blackwall, 1859) n.syn.;LiocranumvariabilisWunderlich,2008 =
ZorainornataL.Koch,1882n.syn.=Liocranuminornatumn.comb.;LycosaperspicaxL.Koch,1882=Arctosafulvolineata(Lucas,
1846)n.syn.;AlopecosellaRoewer,1960=ArctosaC.L.Koch,1847n.syn.;LycosasubhirsutaL.Koch,1882=Arctosalacustris
(Simon, 1876) n.syn.;Philodromusvegetus L.Koch, 1882 = ThanatusvulgarisSimon, 1870 n.syn.;OzyptilabicuspisSimon,
1932=OzyptilafurculaLKoch,1882 n.syn.;Haplodrassusmaroccanus Denis,1956=DrassusparvulusL.Koch,1882 n.syn.
=Haplodrassusparvicorpus(Roewer,1951)n.comb.(replacementnaroe);ZelotesruscinensisSimon,^9^4=Zelotessemirufa
(L.Koch, 1882) n.syn.;PhlegrasimoniL.Koch, 1882 =PhlegrabresnieriLucas, 1846 n.syn.; Trochosulaconspersa (L.Koch,
1882),Lycormafraisnei(L.Koch,1882),Lycormainsulana(L.Koch,1882),Arctosamisella(L.Koch,1992) and Piratasimplex(L.
Koch,1882)areallretransferredtotheiroriginalgenusLycosastat.rev.CheiracanthiumoccidentaleL.Koch,1882,Ozyptila
furculaL.Koch,1882andZelotescallidus(Simon,1878)areredescribed.
Keywords:BalearicIslands,L.Koch,redescriptions,spiders,synonymies
In recent years, the number ofdescriptions ofnew Thereferencematerialmentionedinthepresentpaper
species hasincreasedconsiderably,greatlyexpanding ispartofthecollectionofthefirstauthor. Specimens
the knowledge of spiders. However, it is also very wereexaminedandillustratedusingaWildM5 ster-
important to revise or redescribe species from the eomicroscope. Further details were studied using an
19^^ century. Some of these older descriptions are OlympusCH-2stereoscopicmicroscopewithadraw-
incomplete and not accompanied by illustrations, ingtube.Leftstructuresaredepicted.Malepalpswere
but others have adequate descriptionswith excellent detached and transferredtoglycerolforexamination
figures. One ofthe papers that has been completely underthe microscope. Female genitaliawere excised
forgottenis‘ZoologischeErgebnissevonExcursionen using sharpened needles. These were transferred to
aufden Balearen. II. Arachniden und Myriapoden’ cloveoilforexaminationunderthemicroscope.Later,
by L. Koch (1882). The author described 28 new palps and epigyneswere returned to 70% ethanol.
species ofspiders in it, ofwhich only ten have been
fully redescribed, which means that 18 ofthem are The following abbreviations are used in the text:
left as poorlyknown species. CRB: Collection RobertBosnians;
MNHNP:Museum nationald’Histoire naturelle,Paris;
Materialandmethods ZMB: ZoologischesMuseum Berlin
Type material ofnine species could be loaned from
the BerlinMuseum (possible otherlocations oftype CommentsonthespeciesdescribedbyL. Koch
material in London orViennawere not checked). If Many authors of the 19*^^ or the beginning of the
the material was not present, the descriptions and 20^^^ century, for example Thorell and Strand, did
figures were carefully examined and compared with not present figures at all, so these species cannot be
similarorrelated species from the Mediterranean. recognized without examination of the type mate-
rial. Koch (1882) reportedtwenty-eightnewspider
species from the Balearic Islands. His descriptions
RobertBOSMANS,UniversityofGhent,TerrestrialEcologyUnit, areveryaccurate andwere accompaniedbyexcellent
Ledeganckstraat35,9000Gent,Belgium.
E-Mail:[email protected] figures,which allowthe recognition ofdetails in the
JohanVANKEER,Bormstraat203bus3,1880Kapelle-op-den-Bos, palpal and epigynal structures. Careful examination
Belgium.E-Mail:[email protected]
of the figures should have allowed identification
submitted:14.12.2011;accepted:15.3.2012;onlineearly:25.8.201 of several species, especially when compared with
6 R.Bosnians&J.vanKeer
other material from the Mediterranean region. It is cies(authors’personalobservations)andtheholotype
therefore surprising that L. Koch’s paper has been ofDysderamordaxsN2&comparedwiththisspecies.In
neglected by previous authors. Ofthe twenty-eight D. mordax^the rugosityofthe prosoma and the ster-
described species, only ten have subsequently been numisdifferentandthecolourismoreburgundyred.
studied. Out ofthese ten redescribed species, seven Spinationoftheholotypemaybeincomplete,butno
appeared to be synonyms, and only Iberesia brauni, spinesareobservedonlegsIandII(probablylost),leg
Xelotes semirufus and 7.,flagellans remain valid. The IVhas2basalspinesonthefemora,legsIII—IVhave
ten species concerned are listed inTab. 1. 2pairsoflateralspinesand 1 pairofventralspineson
the tibia, and several spines on the metatarsi. In D.
Twelve of the eighteen remaining species have crocotatibiae III-IV have fewer spines. For the male
received new names by preoccupation, were trans- palp we must rely on the figure ofKOCH (1882; see
ferredtoothergeneraorweredeclared nominadubia. Fig. 1).The bulb is similarto thatofDysderacrocota.,
However, none ofthemwere redescribed.The other but more slender, narrowing terminally and more
We
species have neverbeen subsequentlycited,exceptin pointed. consideritavalidspecies,buttopotypic
catalogues.These species are listed inTable 2. material is needed for a complete redescription.
Distribution
So far, the species is an endemic to Mallorca.
Taxonomy
FamilyDysderidae FamilyTheridiidae
DysderamordaxL. Koch, 1882 (Fig. 17) Enoplognathadiversa (Blackwall, 1859) (Figs2-3)
DysderamordaxL. Koch, 1882: 640,pi.20,fig.20. TheridionelimatumL.Koch,1882:630,pi.20,fig.8;new
Typematerial synonymy.
Holotype male ofDysdera mordax from Spain, Baleares, Typematerial
Mallorca,Palma,beginningofMay, Schaufussleg. (ZMB Holotype female ofTheridion elimatum from Spain, Bal-
7905);examined,butbothpalps are absent. eares,Mallorca,PalmaRiera,22April, Schaufussleg.;not
Comments examined,unavailablein ZMB.
In absence ofthe palps, a complete newdiagnosis of Comments
thisspeciescannotbegiven.InMallorca,Dysderacro- According to KOCH (1882), the prosoma of this
cataC.L.Koch,1838isthecommonestDysderaspe- species isyellowishbrown, the abdomen greybrown
Tab.1:Listofspeciesdescribed byL.Koch(1882)which havealreadybeen redescribed
Kochsname Currentname Author(s)
FamilyNemesiidae
NemesiabrauniL. Koch, 1882 Iberesiabrauni(L. Koch, 1882) Decae&Cardoso(2006)
FamilyTheridiidae
Theridion mansuetum L. Koch, 1882 Enoplognathamandibularis(Lucas, 1846) Bosmans&VanKeer(1999)
MetaschaufussiL. Koch, 1882 Enoplognathamordax(Thorell, 1875) Wunderlichin:Merrett&
Snazell(1975)
FamilyAraneidae
SinganigrofasciataL. Koch, 1882 Hypsosingaalbovittata(Westring, 1851) Denis(1952)
EpeiramimulaL. Koch, 1882 Neosconaadianta (Walckenaer, 1802) Roewer(1942)
FamilyLycosidae
LycosasubterraneaL. Koch, 1882 Arctosafuholineata(Lucas, 1846) LUGETTI&TONGIORGI(1965)
PardosavenaticaL. Koch, 1882 PardosacribrataSimon, 1876 Wunderlich(1984)
FamilyCorinnidae
TrachelasflavipesL. Koch, 1882 Paratrachelasmaculatus(Thorell, 1875) BOSSELAERSetal.(2009)
FamilyGnaphosidae
ProsthesimaflagellansL. Koch, 1882 Zelotesßagellans(L. Koch, 1882) Senglet(2011)
ProsthesimasemirufaL. Koch, 1882 Zelotessemirufus(L. Koch, 1882) Senglet(2011)
SpidersdescribedbyL.KochfromtheBalearicIslands 7
Tab.2.Listofspeciesthathavereceived newnamesbypreoccupation,weretransferredtoothergenera,weredeclarednomina
dubiaorwerenevermentionedagain in literature
Koch’sname Currentname Action
FamilyDysderidae
DysderamordaxL. Koch, 1882 DysderamordaxL. Koch, 1882 None
FamilyTheridiidae
TheridionelimatumL. Koch, 1882 TheridionelimatumL. Koch, 1882 None
FamilyLinyphiidae
ErigonemarinaL. Koch, 1882 ErigonemarinaL. Koch, 1882 None
FamilyZoridae
ZorainornataL. Koch, 1882 ZorainornataL. Koch, 1882 Nomendubium (URONES
2005)
FamilyMiturgidae
CheiracanthiumoccidentaleL. Koch, 1882 CheiracanthiumoccidentaleL. Koch, 1882 None
FamilyLycosidae
LycosaperspicaxL. Koch, 1882 Alopecosellaperspicax(L. Koch, 1882) TransferbyROEWER(1955)
LycosasubhirsutaL. Koch, 1882 LycosasubhirsutellaRoewer, 1955,but Replacementname,later
transferredbacktoLycosasubhirsutain transferredback
Roewer(1960)
LycosaconspersaL. Koch, 1882 Trochosulaconspersa(L. Koch, 1882) TransferbyROEWER(1955)
LycosafraisseiL. Koch, 1882 Lycormafraissei(L. Koch, 1882) TransferbyROEWER(1955)
LycosainsulanaL. Koch, 1882 Lycormainsulana(L. Koch, 1882) TransferbyROEWER(1955)
LycosamisellaL. Koch, 1882 Arctosamisella(L. Koch, 1882) TransferbyROEWER(1955)
LycosasimplexL. Koch, 1882 Piratasimplex(L. Koch, 1882) TransferbyROEWER(1955)
PardosatenuipesL. Koch, 1882 PardosatenuipesL. Koch, 1882 None
FamilyPhilodromidae
PhilodromusvegetusL. Koch, 1882 PhilodromusvegetusL. Koch, 1882 Nomendubium (BRAUN
1965)
FamilyThomisidae
OzyptilafurculaL. Koch, 1882 OzyptilafurculaL. Koch, 1882 None
FamilyGnaphosidae
DrassusparvulusL. Koch, 1882 DrassodesparvicorpusRoewer, 1955 Replacementname
ProsthesimasemirufaL. Koch, 1882 Zelotessemirufus(L. Koch, 1882) Redescription(SenGLET
2011)
ProsthesimaplumigeraL. Koch, 1882 Zelotesplumigerif. Koch, 1882) TransferbyROEWER(1954)
FamilySalticidae
PhlegrasimoniL. Koch, 1882 PhlegrasimoniL. Koch, 1882 None
withadarkfoliumwithwhitespotsandborderedwith Koch, 1882is therefore consideredajuniorsynonym
white, ventrallywith two parallel white stripes, legs ofEnoplognatha diversa (Blackwall, 1859). It should
yellowish brown. The description ofsuch a folium benotedherethatanother TheridionspeciesinKoch’s
pointsclearlyinthedirectionofEnoplognathaspecies paper{Theridion mansueturri) appeared tobe ajunior
ofthe diversaor mandibularisgroup. Koch’s figure of synonym Enoplognathamandibularis(Lucas,1846),
&
theepigyneprovidesfurtherdetailsthatpointclearly see BOSMANS VAN KEER (1999).
in the directionofE. diversa(compare Figs2-3),the Distribution
most common Enoplognatha species in Spain (BOS- Mediterranean,fromtheIberianPeninsulaandMo-
&
MANS Van KEER 1999). Theridion elimatum L. rocco in thewest, to Crete in the east.
8 /?.Bosnians&J.vanKeer
Liocranum variabilis Wunderlich, 2008:
506, figs 42-46 (descr. male, female);
newsynonymy.
Typematerial
Holotype female of Zora inornata from
Spain, Baleares, Mallorca, Miramare,
IV.1866, Schaufuss leg. (ZMB 7920); ex-
amined.
Comparativematerialexamined
SPAIN. Caceres: Plasencia, 1 female of
Liocranum majus Simon, 1878, IV.1990, P.
Pootleg. (CRB).
Comments
From Koch’s drawing of the epigyne
(1882, fig. 19) it is evident that this
species does not belong in the genus
Zora.The figure shows alarge,anterior
pocket and two smaller lateral pockets
(Fig. 6). Examination ofthe specimen
shows it to belong in the Liocranidae
Figs.1-10:Fig.1.MalepalpofDysderamordaxL.Koch,1882inL.Koch(1882). and that it is identical to Liocranum
Figs.2-3:Enoplognathadiversa(Blackwall,1859)2.EpigyneofTheridionelimatumin
Koch(1882);3.EpigyneofEnoplognathadiversa\n Bosmans&Van Keep(1999). variabilis^ onlyrecently described from
Figs.4-5.Oedothoraxfuscus(Blackwall,1834).4.EpigyneofErigonemarinain Koch MallorcabyWUNDERLICH (2008),see
(1882).5.EpigyneofOedothoraxfuscusin Locket&Millidge(1953).Figs.6-7: Fig.7.Thislatterspeciesthusbecomesa
Liocranuminornatum(L.Koch,1882).6.EpigyneofZorainornatain Koch(1882); juniorsynonym.Liocranuminornatumis
7.EpigyneofLiocranumvariabilisinWunderlich(2008).Figs.8-10:Cheiracanthium
occidentaleL.Koch,1882.8.EpigyneofCheiracanthiumoccidentalein Koch(1882).9. closelyrelatedtoL. majusSimon, 1878,
Vulva,ventralview;10.Idem,dorsalview. recentlyredescribedbyLEDOUX(2008).
This author confirmed the synonymy
FamilyLinyphiidae
ofL. majuswith Liocranum apertum Denis, 1954, L.
Oedothoraxßiscus (Blackwall, 1834) (Figs.4-5) pallidulum Simon, 1878 and L. segmentatum Simon,
Erigone marina L. Koch, 1882: 629, pi. 20, fig. 7 (descr. 1878. According to WUNDERLICH (2008), the
female);newsynonymy.
Typematerial helmet-like structure is largerinL. major.
Distribution
Holotype female ofErigone marina from Spain, Baleares,
Mallorca, Soller, mid-April, Schaufuss leg. (ZMB 7915); So far, the species is an endemic to Mallorca.
examined.
Comments FamilyMiturgidae
Examination ofthe holotype clearly shows that this CheiracanthiumoccidentaleL. Koch, 1882 (Figs. 8-10)
species is identical to Oedothoraxfuscus (Blackwall, CheiracanthiumoccidentaleL.Koch,1882:637,pi.20,fig.
1834)andthusErigonemarinahtcomtsajuniorsyno- 16 (descr.female).
Typematerial
nym ofthat species. Koch’s drawing ofthe epigyne
HolotypefemaleofCheiracanthiumoccidentalefrom Spain,
(Fig. 4) is somewhatconfusingbutshows clearlythe Baleares, Minorca, Mahon, 18.V.1866, Schaufuss leg.
twotypicalcurvedlateralfoldsasinFig.5 takenfrom (ZMB 7929);examined.
Locket 5cMillidge (1953). Comments
Distribution Koch’s figure 16 (1882) clearly shows a Cheira-
Europe, North Africa, Azores, European part of canthium-Xik.t epigyne (Fig. 8), but does not give
Russia. enough diagnostic characters for identification. A
redescription ofthe epigyne and vulva is therefore
FamilyLiocranidae given here. According to the author, the species is
Liocranum inornatum (L. Koch, 1882) new combina- related to Cheiracanthium letochae L. Koch, 1876 (=
tion (Figs 6-7) C. elegansTXcovtWy 1875).The epigyne has a median
Zora inornata L. Koch, 1882: 639, pi. 20, fig. 19 (descr. depressionwith aninteriormargin andiswiderthan
female).
SpidersdescribedbyLKochfromtheBalearicIslands 9
long.The spermathecae are relativelysmall,only 1/3 Comparativematerialexamined
ofthewidthofthedepression.Thecopulatoryopen- SPAIN. Caceres: Plasencia(N 40T’52”E 6°5’18”),525m,
ingsaresituatedantero-laterallyofthedepressionand 1 male 1 female,IV.1990,P.Pootleg. (CRB).
Comments
the sperm ducts make three coils to the elongated
spermathecae (Figs 9-10). In the literature, no spe- The holotype male has only one palp left with a
cies with such avulva could be found and hence the tegular apophysis as inArctosa lacustris. The female
species is consideredvalid. hasanintactepigynewithabroadmedianseptum,as
Distribution clearlyshowninKoch’sfigure29(1882),correspond-
Onlyknown from the type locality. ingwellwiththeepigyneof.^.lacustris(compareFigs
13, 15 with Figs 14, 16 (taken from KNÜLLE 1959).
FamilyLycosidae Lycosasubhirsutaand its replacement nameAlopecosa
Arctosafulvolineata(Lucas, 1846) (Figs 11-12) subhirsutellathus becomejuniorsynonyms oiArctosa
LycosaperspicaxL. Koch, 1882:658,pi.21,fig. 32 (descr. lacustris.
female);newsynonymy. Distribution
Alopecosellaperspicax, Roewer, 1955:225. Mediterranean, CanaryIslands.
Typematerial
Holotype female ofLycosaperspicaxfrom Spain, Baleares, LycosaconspersaL.Koch, 1882stat.rev.(Fig. 17)
Mallorca, Soller valley, mid-April, Schaufuss leg. (ZMB LycosaconspersaL. Koch, 1882: 661 pi.21,fig. 33 (descr.
7910);examined. female).
Comparativematerialexamined Trochosulaconspersa', Roewer, 1955: 304.
FRANCE.Aude: Gruissan, N. les Pujots (N 43°06’30” E Typematerial
3°3’28”), 3m, 1 female, litter in salt marsh, 1.IV.1980, R. Type series oftwo females ofLycosaconspersafrom Spain,
Bosmansleg. (CRB). Baleares, Mallorca, Ses Prat de SanJordi, end April, and
Comments Soller, mid-May, Schaufuss leg. (ZMB 7912); examined.
The holotype female has an intact epigyne and on The two females belong to different species. One ofthe
examination it can immediately be recognised as femalesis,Arctosafuholineata,theotheronehasanepigyne
Arctosafuholineata. Lycosaperspicax thus becomes a correspondingtotheoriginaldrawingbyKOCH(1882)and
junior synonym. Koch’s figure is sketchy (Fig. 7) but is selectedhere as thelectotype.
Comments
shows the typical antero-median, triangular septum
ofiA.fuholineata(Fig. 8,takenfrom KNÜLLE 1959). This species has not been mentioned since the
Roewer (1955) created the new genusAlopecosella originaldescription,withtheexceptionofR0EWER‘S
forthisspecies.SincethetypeofthegermsAlopecosella (1955) transfer to the genus Trochosula,without any
is here transferred to Arctosa, the genus Alopecosella justification. KOCH’s figure 33 (1882) ofthe epigyne
becomes ajuniorsynonym oiArctosa. onlyother resembles the epigyne of Hogna radiata (Latreille,
speciesofthegermsAlopecosella,A.pelusiaca(Audouin, 1817), a widespread species in the Mediterranean.
1826) has to be returned to Alopecosa, where it was Like manylarge lycosids in the Mediterranean, this
placed byCAPORIACCO (1936). speciescomplexisinneedofrevisionandaconclusion
Distribution about synonymyhas to be postponed.Materialfrom
Western Europe, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, south of Mallorca is needed to resolve the situation. This is
France and the Maghreb. also the case for three otherLycosa species described
byL.KochfromMallorca(seebelow):Lycosafraissei,
Arctosalacustris(Simon, 1876) (Figs 13-16) L. insulana and L. simplex.They are all large species
Lycosa subhirsuta L. Koch, 1882: 653, pi. 21, figs 28-29 and Koch’s figures 33-36 all show the same type of
(descr. male,female);newsynonymy. epigyne(seeFigs 17-20).ROEWER(1955)transferred
Alopecosa subhirsutella Roewer, 1955: 221 (replacement these species (without furtherjustification) to three
name);newsynonymy. different genera: Trochosula, Lycorma and Pirata. To
Lycosa subhirsuta', Roewer, 1960: 874 (transferred back, facilitatefuturestudies,weconsideritbettertoreturn
withoutarguments). themtotheiroriginalgenus.Topotypicmaterialmay
Typematerial
help solve the identityofthese problematic species.
Lectotype male and paralectotype female ofLycosa sub-
Distribution
Mhiirrsaumtaarf,roMmayS,paSicnh,auBfaluesasrelseg,.S(olZlMerBva7l9l1ey1,);miedx-aAmpirnield.and The type localityonMallorca.
10 R.Bosnians&J.vanKeer
LycosafraisseiL.Koch,1882stat.rev.
(Fig. 18)
LycosafraisseiL. Koch, 1882: 666,
pL 21, fig. 36 (descr. male).
Lycormafraissei\ Roewer, 1955:
265 (transfer).
Typematerial
Holotype male ofLycosafraissei from
Spain, Baleares,Mallorca, Fraisse leg.;
notexamined,unavailablein ZMB.
Comments
A mm
large lycosid of 19 total
length. The type material is not
available. See comments under
Lycosaconspersa.
Distribution
The type localityon Mallorca.
Lycosa insulana L. Koch, 1882 stat.
rev. (Fig. 19)
Lycosa insulana L. Koch, 1882:
664,pi.21,fig.35 (descr.female).
Lycorma insulana\ Roewer, 1955:
265 (transfer).
Typematerial
HolotypefemaleofLycosainsulanafrom
nSpoatienx,aBmailneeadre,su,nMaavlaliloarbclae,iFnraZisMsBe.leg.; Fig/iscn./cK1uos1cm-sh2(3(S.1iF8mi8og2ns).,;111128-.716E2):p.iA1rg3cy.tnoMseaaolffuel4vrpocalfio\snpöe/aiot/a/fv'(LoLy/cu/>oc7saeafsl,srufl1bh8ii4nr6sK)un.tüa1l\1ln.eEK(po1ic9gh5y9n()1.e8F8oi2fg)sL;yc1o4s.aMpearlsAepricctpaoaxslap
Comments ofArctosalacustrisin Knülle(1959);15.EpigyneofLycosasubhirsutain Koch(1882);
A large lycosid of 16 mm total 16.EpigyneofArctosalacustrisin Knülle(1959).Fig.17.EpigyneofLycosaconspersain
length.Thetypematerialcouldnot Koch(1882).Fig.18.EpigyneofLycosafraisei\n Koch(1882).Fig.19.EpigyneofLycosa
insulana'm Koch (1882).Fig.20.Epigyneoffycosos/mp/eA'in Koch(1882).Fig.21.Male
be examined. See comments under palpofPardosatenuipesin Koch(1882).Figs22-23.ThanatusvulgarisSimon,1870.22.
Lycosaconspersa. EpigyneofPhilodromusvegetusin Koch(1882).23.EpigyneofThanatusvulgarisinSzita
Distribution &Samü(2000).
The type localityon Mallorca.
Piratasimplex'., Roewer, 1955:284.
LycosamisellaL. Koch, 1882 nomendubium Typematerial
Lycosa misellaL. Koch, 1882: 660 (descr.juvenile). Holotype male ofLycosa simplex Spain, Baleares, Palma
Arctosa misella\ Roewer, 1955: 226 (transfer). citymoats,beginMay,and SesPratdeJordi,beginningof
Typematerial May, Schaufussleg.; notexamined,unavailablein ZMB.
Comments
Juvenile holotype ofLycosa misella from Spain, Baleares,
SesPratdeJordi,endApril,Schaufussleg.,notexamined, The holotype could not be examined. According
unavailablein ZMB. to the original description by KOCH (1882), it is a
Comments large species (23 mm) suggesting a lycosid genus
The holotype is ajuvenile specimen and its status is encompassinglargerspecies,suchasHogna^Lycorma
unclear.Lycosa misellais therefore a nomen dubium. orLycosa. KOCH’s (1882) figure ofthe epigyne does
Distribution not look like a Pirata epigyne at all and the transfer
The type localityonMallorca. proposedbyROEWER(1955)seemsarandomchoice.
See also comments underLycosaconspersa.
LycosasimplexL. Koch, 1882 stat.rev. (Fig.20) Distribution
LycosasimplexL. Koch, 1882: 663, pi. 21, fig. 34 (descr. The type localityonMallorca.
female).
SpidersdescribedbyLKochfromtheBalearicIslands 11
PardosatenuipesL. Koch, 1882 (Fig.21) but Koch’s figure 21 (1882) allows a positive iden-
PardosatenuipesL. Koch, 1882:649,pi.21,fig.24(descr. tification with respect to the tegular apophysis of
male). specimenscollectedbyusinSpainandNorthAfrica.
Pardosopstenuipes\ Roewer, 1955: 197. The tegulum has an oblique banana-shaped tegular
Pardosatenuipes\Tongiorgi, 1966: 351. apophysis with two postero-median concavities
Typematerial
(compare Figs 24 and 25). Such an apophysis exists
Holotype male ofPardosa tenuipes from Spain, Baleares,
in three Ozyptilaspecies occurring in this region: O.
Ses PratdeJordi,mid-May, Schaufussleg.;notexamined,
unavailablein ZMB. pauxilla Simon, 1870, O.perplexa Simon, 1875 and
Comments O. bicuspis Simon, 1932. Koch’s species also has two
Roewer(1955) createdthegenus Pardosopsforthis postero-median incisions, and these are absent in O.
and other species, but TONGIORGI (1966) syno- pauxillaand O.perplexa. considerO.furculaand O.
nymised it with Pardosa. The holotype male could biscuspisdoesamespeciesand O.bicuspisSimon,1932
notbe examined. KOCH’s (1882) figure 24 offers no becomesajuniorsynonymofO.furculaL.Koch,1882.
indication of its affinities (see Fig. 21). Topotypic Ozyptilapauxilla and O.perplexaxv'iW be redescribed
materialis needed to clarifyits systematic position. in a separate paper.
Distribution
Distribution
The type localityonMallorca. The species is currently known from the south of
France and from Spain.
FamilyPhilodromidae
Family Gnaphosidae
Thanatusvulgaris Simon, 1870 (Figs22-23)
Philodromus vegetus L. Koch, 1882: 645, pi. 20, fig. 22; Haplodrassusparvicorpus(Roewer,1951)newcombina-
newsynonymy. tion (Figs27-28)
Typematerial Drassusparvulus L. Koch, 1882: 632, pi. 20, fig. 10-11
Holotype female ofPhilodromus vegetus from Spain, Bal- (descr.male).
Drassusparvicorpus Roewer, 1951: 443 (replacement
eares,Mallorca,Miramare,beginMay, Schaufussleg.;not
examined,unavailableinZMB. name).
Comments Haplodrassus maroccanus Denis, 1956: 196, fig. 4-6; new
Figure22inKOCH(1882) showsaroundedepigynal synonymy (here removed from the synonymy ofH.
dalmatensis(L. Koch, 1866)).
plate with some concentric circles, typical for the Typematerial
epigyne ofthe common Thanatus vulgaris (compare
Holotype male ofDrassusparvulus from Spain, Baleares,
Figs 22 and 23).This species has no less than eight Mallorca, Riera near Palma, 22.IV.1882, Schaufuss leg.
synonymsintheMediterraneanregion (LEVY 1977) (ZMB 7913);examined.
and there is no doubt that Philodromusvegetusis yet Type series ofHaplodrassus maroccanus from Morocco, Pr.
another one. Taroudant,OuledTeima {- Houara), accordingto DENIS
Distribution (1956) composed of1 male 3 subadult males, 1 female 3
Circum-mediterranean. subadult females, 21.11.1954 and 1 subadult female from
Amzou; notexamined,notfoundin theMNHNP.
Comparativematerialexamined
FamilyThomisidae
SPAIN. Cadiz:Tarifa (N 36°0’50” E 5°36’25”), 2 males 5
Ozyptilafurcula L. Koch, 1882 (Figs24-26)
females,IV.1992,P. Pootleg. (CRB).
OzyptilafurculaL. Koch, 1882: 648,pi.21,fig.23. Comments
Oznyeptwilsaybniocnuyspmiys.S)\.mon,1932:873,figs1186-1187,1208; Drassusparvulus was described by KoCH (1882).
Typematerial Being preoccupiedbyDrassusparvulus Lucas, 1846,
Holotype male of Ozyptilafurcula from Spain, Baleares, Roewer (1951) offered Drassusparvicorpus as a
Mallorca, Ses Prat de SanJordi, end ofApril, Schaufuss replacement name.The species has neverbeen cited
leg.;notexamined,unavailablein ZMB. since.
Comparativematerialexamined AccordingtoKOCH(1882),thisspeciesisrelated
SPAIN.Jaen: RiberaBaja (N 37°26’58”E 3°50’5”), 870m, toDrassusminusculus(=Haplodrassusdalmatensis)and
1 male,litterinPopulusforest,6.IV.1997, R.Bosmansleg. differsbythemorearchedprosomawithablackmar-
(CRB). PM
gin,andthe dispositionofthe eyes,withthe not
Comments
touchingandtheAM.separatedbynearlytheirdiam-
The type material of this species is not available, eter.ThesecharactersaretoovariableinHaplodrassus
12 R.Bosnians&J.vanKeer
to distinguish species, but Kochs figure 10 (1882) 6°4’12”), 270m, 4 males 2 females, pitfalls, 15.V1T23.
shows amalepalpwithalarge,subterminaltoothon VIII.1996,U.WStengeleleg.(CRB);Talavan,FincaelBaldio
thetegularapophysis,andhisfigure 11 showsapalpal (N39°43’12” 6T9’4”),370m,10males2females,pitfalls,
tibiawithanapophysis aslongaswide (Fig.27).The 10.VIT5.IX.1996W,U.Stengeleleg.(CRB).Granada:Santa
malepalps oftheholotype malearebothpresentand Fe (N 37T1’31” 3°45’17”), 700m, 1 female,litterinir-
ingoodcondition (Fig.28). Examinationshowsthat rMiaglaatgead:PoCpouilnu,salongR9i.oVGIrIaL1n9d9e1N,R3.6B°4o1s’m2a9n”sWle4g.°4(8C’R22B”)).,
theyare identical to the palps ofHaplodrassusmaroc- 110m, 1 female,stonesingrassland, 15.VII.1991, R. Bos-
canus^describedfromMoroccobyDENIS (1956) and Wmansleg.(CRB).Murcia:PuertoLumbreras(N37°29’37”
occurring all over the south-western Mediterranean 1°51’9”),530m, 1 female,understone, 14.VII.1991, R.
(unpublished data). In H. dalmatensis^ the tegular Bosmansleg.(CRB).-ALGERIA.Oran:MerselHadjad
apophysishasonlyasmallsubterminaltooth,andthe (N35°47’52”W0°9’51”),2males,litteringarden,IX.1988,
tibial apophysis is shorter than wide; thus there are R.Bosmansleg.(WCRB).-MOROCCO.Essaouira:Ounara
sufficientdiagnosticcharacterstoseparatethespecies. E.(N31°32’33” 9°30’47”),250m,1 male,stonesingar-
HaplodrassusmaroccanusDenis,1956becomesajunior ganiersteppe, 8.VII.1999, R.Bosmansleg. (CRB).
Comments
synonymofH.parvicorpus(Roewer, 1951 n.comb.).
The discovery of large series of Zelotes callidus in
The synonymyofH. maroccanuswithH. dalmatensisy
proposedbyLEVY(2004)isrejected.Thespecieswill central Spain - including males and females - al-
lows us to resolve a complicated case ofsynonymy.
be fullyredescribed in afurtherpaper.
The males from Central Spain could be identified
Distribution
as Zelotes callidus, based on the original figures of
Mallorca andMorocco.
Simon (1878, fig. 23; 1914, figs 297-299); a species
originallydescribed from Corsica. Characteristic are
Zelotescallidus(Simon, 1878) (Figs29-35)
the two anterior teeth in the bulb, compare Figs 32-
Prosthesima callida Simon, 1878: 91 (descr. male, non
female = Z. caucasius). 33). The females did not correspond with Simons
ProsthesimasemirufaL.Koch,1882:636,pi.20,fig15(de- figuresofZ.callidus,whichcorroboratestheobserva-
scr. female);newsynonymy. tion ofSenglet (2004) that the females described
Zelotescallidus-,Simon,1882:37(descr.male,nonfemale); as Z. callidushySiMON (1878,fig.24; 1914,fig.354),
Simon, 1914:219 (descr.male,nonfemale). JEZEQUEL(1962,fig.29) andLedOUX(1972,fig. 1)
Zelotes ruscinensis Simon, 1914: 157, 169, fig. 259, 346 all illustrate the epigyne orvulva ofZelotes caucasius
(descr. male, female); Senglet, 2004: 104, figs 47-50 (L. Koch, 1866).
(descr. male,female);newsynonymy. The females from Central Spain couldbe identi-
Zelotes circumspectus-, Denis 1935: 117 (descr. female);
fied as Zelotes semirufus (L. Koch, 1882) described
misidentification.
ZeloteslugensDenis 1941: 162 (correctionofthecitation from Menorca. KOCHs figure of Zelotes semirufus
of Z. circumspectus from 1935); Di Franco 1997: 258 (Fig. 29) shows an epigynewith a median plate that
(synonymybySenGLET2004). is slightly longer than wide, with an open posterior
Zelotes adolescentulus Denis 1952: 118 (synonymy by margin, and comparable position of the rounded
Senglet2004). spermathecae (Fig. 30).
Zelotes massiliensis Soyer, 1967: 278 (synonymyby SEN- Perhaps the mismatching ofthe sexes ofZ. cal-
GLET2004). lidus confused Simon in 1878, because in 1914, he
Zelotessemirufus-,Senglet,2011:518,figs2-17,74(syno- described the species again from the south ofFrance
nymwith Z. ruscinensis).
as Z. ruscinensis. Recently, this latter species was re-
Typematerial
described by Senglet (2004);who further pointed
Holotypemale ofProsthesima(= Zelotepcallidafrom Cor-
sica,Ajaccio (MNHNP,notexamined). out that Zelotes adolescentulus Denis, 1952, Z. lugens
Holotype female ofProsthesima (= Zelotes) semirufa from Denis, 1941 and Z massiliensis Soyer, 1967 are its
Spain,Baleares,Menorca,Braun leg.; notexamined,una- juniorsynonyms.Allofthesetaxanowenterintothe
vailablein ZMB. synonymyofZelotescallidus.
HolotypefemaleofZeloteslugensfrom France,Var,Vallon Distribution
dePortCros (MNHNP,examined). Recorded from Morocco, Algeria, Spain, Portugal,
Holotype male of Zelotes adolescentulus from Morocco, France and Italy. DRENSKY (1915) cited the spe-
Skhirat(MNHNP,examined).
cies erroneouslyfrom Bulgaria; itwas in fact Zelotes
Comparativematerialexamined
W caucasius.
SPAIN. Caceres: Torrejon el Rubio (N 39°46’15”
.
SpidersdescribedbyLKochfromtheBalearicIslands 13
Zelotesplumiger (L. Koch, 1882)
(Fig.36)
ProsthesimaplumigeraL.Koch, 1882:
630,pi.20,figs 12, 13.
Typematerial
HolotypemaleofProsthesima(=ZeloteP)
plumigera from Spain, Baleares, Mal-
lorca, Ses Prat de San Jordi, end of
April, Schaufuss leg.; not examined,
unavailablein ZMB.
Comments
According to KOCH (1882), this
mm
species measures 5 and the
prosoma is brownish black, the
abdomenyellowishbrown,thelegs
reddishbrownwithredfemoraand
thespinneretsyellowishbrown.The
prosoma is shiny, and coveredwith
long,plumosehairs,hencepresum-
ably the specific name 'plumiger
Kochsfigure (Fig.36) showsapalp
with thebulb taperingto the top, a
terminaltooth (the embolus ?) and
aretrolateral,curvedapophysis(ter-
minalapophysis?).Theaffinitiesof
the species are presentlyunknown,
but most probably it does not be-
longinthegenus Zelotes. Gnaphosa
artaensis Wunderlich, 2011 from
Mallorcahasaverysimilarpalpbut
there are not enough elements to
consider it conspecific with Zelotes Figs.24-38.Figs.24-26:OzyptilafurculaL.Koch,1882.24.MalepalpofOzyptHafurculain
plumiger. Further investigation on Koch (1882);25.Malepalp,ventralview;26.Idem,lateralview.Figs.27-28.Wr7/?/o-
the island could reveal the identity drassusparvicorpus{Roewer,1951).27.MalepalpofDrassusparvulus\n Koch(1882).28.
ofKoch’s species. MalepalpofHaplodrassusparvicorpus,specimenfromTarifa.Figs.29-35.Zelotescallidus
(Simon,1878).29.EpigyneofZelotessemirufus\n Koch (1882);30.EpigyneofZelotes
Distribution
ra/Z/r/us,specimenfromTalavan;31.Vulva;32.MalepalpofZelotescallidus\oSimon
Onlyknownfromthe typelocality. (1914,fig.298);33.Malepalp,detail;34.Malepalp,ventralview;35.Malepalp,
lateralview;Fig.36.MalepalpofZelotesplumigerLKoch,1882in L.Koch(1882).Figs.
Family Salticidae 37-38Phlegrabresnieri(Lucas,1846).37.MalepalpofPhlegrasimoniln L.Koch(1882);
38.MalepalpofPhlegrabresnieriin Metzner(1999).
Phlegrabresnieri(Lucas,1846) (Figs
37-38)
Comments
PhlegrasimoniL. Koch, 1882: 667, pi. 21, fig. 37 (descr.
female);newsynonymy. The holotype female could be examined.The dorsal
Typematerial stripes on the prosoma and abdomen have disap-
Holotype female ofPhlegra simoni from Spain, Baleares, peared,buttheclypeusis denselycoveredwithwhite
Minorca, Riera near Palma, 30 May 1872, Schaufuss leg. hairs.The long, threadlike embolus is clearlyvisible
(ZMB 7932);examined. and its placement in the genus Phlegra is thus con-
Comparativematerialexamined firmed. According to KOCH (1882), Phlegra simoni
GREECE.Attiki:EnoeeruinsnearMarathon(N38°9’13” differsfromP.bresnieriinthemalepalpaltibiawhich
E23°56’33”),180m,3males,stonesinmaquis,19.IV.2000, bearsblackhairs. Examinationofsome specimensof
R. Bosmansleg. (CRB). P.bresnierifrom our collection showthat the femora
14 R.Bosnians&J.vanKeer
andpatellae havewhite hairs,butonlyblackones on fully studied and three species could be recognized.
the tibiae (cfr. SiMON, 1876: 121: “Patte-machoire, Ozyptilafurcula was recognized and redescribed.
au moins la patella et le femur, garnie en dessus de Philodromusvegetusand Theridionelimatumwererec-
polls blancs”). As the palps are otherwise identical ognizedasjuniorsynonyms ofThanatusvulgarisand
(Figs 37, 38), the two species are here synonymised. Enoplognatha diversa respectively. Lycosafraissei, L.
Distribution insulana^L.simplexandPardosatenuipescouldnotbe
Southern Europe to Azerbaijan, Ivory Coast, Tan- recognizedandareleftintheiroriginalgenus.Finally
zania. Lycosa misella is declared a nomen nudum, since the
descriptionwas based on ajuvenile specimen.
Conclusions
Taxonomic studies by earlier arachnologists are of Acknowledgements
variablequality,butuntilthereisprooftothecontrary, Benjamin Nitsche andJason Dunlop (ZMB) are thanked
theyallhavetobeconsideredvaluable. Someauthors fortheloanofthematerialdescribedbyL. Kochfromthe
working on Mediterranean spiders in the past - for Baleares.AntonyRussell-Smithisthankedforafinalreview
instance (but not exclusively) LuCAS (e.g. 1846), O. ofthepaperandHeikoMetznerandJörgWunderlichfor
P.-CAMBRIDGE(e.g. 1872,1876) and KULCZYNSKI permissiontouse theirfigures.
(e g. 1908, 1911) - presented detailed descriptions
References
accompanied by excellent figures ofthe general ap-
pearanceandsexualorgans,makingidentificationvery BOSMANS R. &J. Van Keer (1999): The genus Eno-
plognatha Pavesi, 1880 in the Mediterranean region
easilypossible.Inmostcases,however,examinationof
(AraneaeiTheridiidae).-BulletinoftheBritisharach-
the type material is necessaryto come to a definitive nologicalSociety11:209-241
cdeosnccrliupstiioonn.sObtuhteprreasuetnhtoerds ngoavfeigluornegs,avtearlyl;dleitkaeilfeodr BosAsleBlEaReDrIs(J.2,00C9.):UrOonnetsh,eJM.eAd.iBtearrrraineenatnosspe&cieJs.Mo.f
instance PAVESI (e.g. 1880, 1884) andthe numerous Trachelinae (Araneae, Corinnidae) with a revision of
papers byTHORELL (e.g. 1875) and STRAND (e.g. TrachelasL.Koch,1872ontheIberianPeninsula.-Jour-
1906, 1908). Here, recognition ofthe species is not nalofArachnology37: 15-38-doi: 10.1636/A08-33.1
possible without examining the original type mate- Braun R. (1965): Beitrag zu einer Revision derpaläark-
rial. However, even ifthese species are not instantly tischenArtenderPhilodromus«z/r^o/z^r-Gruppe(Arach.,
recognizable,theirnamesremainvaliduntilhasbeen Araneae). I. Morphologisch-systematischer Teil. -
statedinapublicationthatthetypesarenotavailable; Senckenbergianabiologica46: 369-428
like for instance many types ofStrand destroyed in CAPORIACCO L.di(1936):Aracnidifezzanesiraccoltidal
the lastWorldWar. profG. Scorteccinel 1934-XII.(MissionedeUaR. So-
In the case ofthe study by L. KOCH (1882) on cietageografica).-AttidellaSocietäitalianadiscienze
naturali 75: 67-93
gthoeodspiddrearwsinogfst,heinBamlaeanryiccaIsselsanmdsa,ktihnegpiadpeenrtiifnicclautdieosn DECAEA.&PCardoso(2006):Iberesia,anewgenusof
trapdoor spiders (Araneae,Nemesiidae) from Portugal
possible. Only ten ofthe 28 described species were &
Spain.-RevistaIbericadeAracnologfa 12: 3-11
redescribedpreviously,resultinginthreevalid names
and seven synonyms. Type material of ten of the DendiesPJo.r(t1-9C35r)o:sA(dVdairt)i.o-nsAnänlaalfeausnedearlaacShoncoileotgeiqdu’eHidsetofiirlee
remaining 18 species could be examined by us. Five naturelledeToulon 19: 114-122
ofthese ninespecies namesarevalid: Cheiracanthium Denis J. (1952): Quelques araignees de file de Cabrera
occcidentale,Dysdera mordax^Liocranum inornatum n. et remarques sur la fauna des Baleares. - Bulletin de
comb,andHaplodrassusparvicorpisn.comb.Fourout ITnstitut royal de Sciences naturelles de Belgique
ofthe nine species appeared to be synonyms ofspe- 28(25): 1-4
ciesdescribedearlier.Erigonemarina^Lycosaperspicax, Denis (1956): Spiders collected in French Morocco by
J.
Lycosa subhirsuta and Phlegra simoni are the junior the Durham Colleges Expedition Club.-Proceedings
synonyms of Oedothoraxfuscus^ Arctosafuholineata, oftheZoologicalSocietyofLondon126:275-281-doi:
Arctosa lacustris and Phlegrafasciata respectively. Fi- 10.1111/j.l096-3642.1956.tb00437.x
nally, Trochosulaconspersaisretransferedtoitsoriginal DRENSKY P. (1915): Araneides nouveaux ou peu connus
genus,Lycosa^where it awaits further study. de Bulgarie. - Spisanie na bulgarskata Akademiya na
Of the eight species whose types could not Naikite. 12: 141-176
be examined, the drawings of L. Koch were care-