On the Nature of Prejudice: Fifty Years after Allport

470 Pages·2005·2.62 MB·English

by  John F. Dovidio

ON THE NATURE OF
PREJUDICE
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This book is dedicated to:
Florence Langone Dovidio
Karen Carr Glick
Robert B. Jorissen
and to Gordon W. Allport
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On the Nature of Prejudice
Fifty Years after Allport
Edited by
John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick,
and Laurie A. Rudman
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© 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
except for editorial material and organization
© 2005 by John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, and Laurie A. Rudman
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA
9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK
550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
The right of John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, and Laurie A. Rudman to be identified
as the Authors of the Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in
accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the
UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior
permission of the publisher.
First published 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
1 2005
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
On the nature of prejudice : fifty years after Allport / edited by John F. Dovidio,
Peter Glick, and Laurie A. Rudman.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-2750-9 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-4051-2750-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-2751-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-4051-2751-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Prejudices. 2. Allport, Gordon W. (Gordon Willard), 1897–1967. Nature of
prejudice. I. Dovidio, John F. II. Glick, Peter Samuel. III. Rudman, Laurie A.
BF575.P9062 2005
303.3′85—dc22
2004029764
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.
Set in 10.5/12.5pt Bembo
by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong
Printed and bound in Gospons, India
The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a
sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp
processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore,
the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable
environmental accreditation standards.
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Blackwell Publishing, visit our website:
www.blackwellpublishing.com
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Contents
List of Contributors viii
Foreword by Victoria M. Esses xi
Preface xiii
1 Introduction: Reflecting on The Nature of Prejudice:
Fifty Years after Allport 1
John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, and Laurie A. Rudman
Part I: Preferential Thinking 17
2 What is the Problem? Prejudice as an Attitude-in-
Context 19
Alice H. Eagly and Amanda B. Diekman
3 Social Cognition and the Normality of Prejudgment 36
Susan T. Fiske
4 Ingroup Affiliations and Prejudice 54
Rupert Brown and Hanna Zagefka
5 Categorization, Recategorization, and Intergroup Bias 71
Samuel L. Gaertner and John F. Dovidio
6 Rejection or Inclusion of Outgroups? 89
Mary R. Jackman
7 Rejection of Women? Beyond Prejudice as Antipathy 106
Laurie A. Rudman
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vi Contents
Part II: Group Differences 121
8 Group Differences and Stereotype Accuracy 123
Charles M. Judd and Bernadette Park
9 The Psychological Impact of Prejudice 139
Brenda Major and S. Brooke Vick
10 Mechanisms for Coping with Victimization:
Self-Protection Plus Self-Enhancement 155
James M. Jones
Part III: Perceiving and Thinking About Group
Differences 173
11 Cognitive Process: Reality Constraints and Integrity
Concerns in Social Perception 175
Vincent Yzerbyt and Olivier Corneille
12 Linguistic Factors: Antilocutions, Ethnonyms,
Ethnophaulisms, and Other Varieties of Hate Speech 192
Brian Mullen and Tirza Leader
13 Stereotypes in Our Culture 208
John T. Jost and David L. Hamilton
Part IV: Sociocultural Factors 225
14 Instrumental Relations Among Groups: Group
Competition, Conflict, and Prejudice 227
Victoria M. Esses, Lynne M. Jackson, John F. Dovidio,
and Gordon Hodson
15 Choice of Scapegoats 244
Peter Glick
16 Allport’s Intergroup Contact Hypothesis: Its History
and Influence 262
Thomas F. Pettigrew and Linda R. Tropp
17 Intergroup Contact: When Does it Work, and Why? 278
Jared B. Kenworthy, Rhiannon N. Turner, Miles Hewstone,
and Alberto Voci
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Contents vii
Part V: Acquiring Prejudice 293
18 Conformity and Prejudice 295
Christian S. Crandall and Charles Stangor
19 The Development of Prejudice in Childhood and
Adolescence 310
Frances E. Aboud
20 Breaking the Prejudice Habit: Allport’s “Inner Conflict”
Revisited 327
Patricia G. Devine
21 Inner Conflict in the Political Psychology of Racism 343
David O. Sears
Part VI: The Dynamics of Prejudice 359
22 Aggression, Hatred, and Other Emotions 361
Eliot R. Smith and Diane M. Mackie
23 Allport’s “Living Inkblots”: The Role of Defensive
Projection in Stereotyping and Prejudice 377
Leonard S. Newman and Tracy L. Caldwell
Part VII: Character Structure 393
24 Personality and Prejudice 395
John Duckitt
25 Religion and Prejudice 413
C. Daniel Batson and E. L. Stocks
Part VIII: Reducing Group Tensions 429
26 Intergroup Relations Program Evaluation 431
Walter G. Stephan and Cookie White Stephan
Author Index 447
Subject Index 463
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Contributors
Frances E. Aboud, Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal,
Canada.
C. Daniel Batson, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence,
USA.
Rupert Brown, Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, UK.
Tracy L. Caldwell, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago,
USA.
Olivier Corneille, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Louvain at
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Christian S. Crandall, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas,Lawrence,
USA.
Patricia G. Devine, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin,Madison,
USA.
Amanda B. Diekman, Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford,
Ohio, USA.
John F. Dovidio, Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs,
USA.
John Duckitt, Psychology Department, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Alice H. Eagly, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston,
USA.
Victoria M. Esses, Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario,
London, Canada.
Susan T. Fiske, Department of Psychology, Princeton University, USA.
Samuel L. Gaertner, Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark,
USA.
Peter Glick, Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, Appleton, USA.
David L. Hamilton, Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa
Barbara, USA.
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Contributors ix
Miles Hewstone, Department of Experimental Psychology, University ofOxford,
UK.
Gordon Hodson, Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharine’s,
Canada.
Mary R. Jackman, Department of Sociology, University of California, Davis,
USA.
Lynne M. Jackson, Department of Psychology, King’s University College, the
University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
James M. Jones, Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark,
USA.
John T. Jost, Department of Psychology, New York University, USA.
Charles M. Judd, Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder,
USA.
Jared B. Kenworthy, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of
Oxford, UK.
Tirza Leader, Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, USA.
Diane M. Mackie, Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa
Barbara, USA.
Brenda Major, Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara,
USA.
Brian Mullen, Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, USA.
Leonard S. Newman, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois,Chicago,
USA.
Bernadette Park, Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder,
USA.
Thomas F. Pettigrew, Department of Psychology, University of California,
Santa Cruz, USA.
Laurie A. Rudman, Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New
Brunswick, USA.
David O. Sears, Department of Psychology, University of California, LosAngeles,
USA.
Eliot R. Smith, Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington,
USA.
Charles Stangor, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College
Park, USA.
Cookie White Stephan, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, New
Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA.
Walter G. Stephan, Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University,
Las Cruces, USA.
E. L. Stocks, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA.
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