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On the margins : U.S. Americans in a border town to Mexico PDF

242 Pages·2006·74.417 MB·English
by  WilmJohannes
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Preview On the margins : U.S. Americans in a border town to Mexico

ON THE MARGINS U.S.Americansin abordertowntoMexico Johannes Wilm Dedicatedtothelumpenproletariat,withoutwhomaworldrevolutionwillneverbe possible ii OntheMargins U.S.AmericansinabordertowntoMexico Copyright©2006-11JohannesWilm,AllRightsReserved. Secondedition Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyany means,graphic,electronic,ormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording, taping,orbyanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutthepermission inwritingfromthepublisher. 2011ebookeditionpublishedbyNewLeftNotes www.newleftnotes.org ISBN-13:978-82-8198-000-6(ebook) TheLibraryofCongresshascatalogedthefirsteditionasfollows: Wilm,Johannes,1980- Onthemargins:U.S.AmericansinabordertowntoMexico/JohannesWilm. xiv,219p.:ill.;23cm. Includesbibliographicalreferences(p.215-219). LCCN2005910888 ISBN-10:1-4116-6175-3(pbk.) ISBN-13:978-1-4116-6175-2(pbk.) 1.Douglas(Ariz.)–Socialconditions.2.Marginality,Social–Arizona–Douglas.I. Title. HN80.D68W552005 14291752 iii Preface I first came to Douglas in early 2004 to do field research for my master thesis. However,duringmytimeinDouglas,Ilearnedmuchmorethana Norwegianmaster’sthesisin2005couldpossiblycontain.Also,theacademic degreestructureinNorwayhadrecentlychangedstartinginthefallof2003, sonooneknewwhatamaster’sthesisshouldcontain. Unfortunately,my fellowstudentsandIfoundoutthattheformalrequirements,whichwere previouslyflexible,nowhadtobemettotheletter,andthattheyreallywere seriousaboutEuropeanstandardizationthistime. Thiswillconvertmuchof theuniversityintolittlemorethanaschool—changingtheemphasisfrom freestudiestorecitalof“knownandproven”facts. Itremindsmeofthe followingquotefromthebeginningofthedoctorthesisofMarx: Theformofthistreatisewouldhavebeenontheonehandmore strictlyscientific,ontheotherhandinmanyofitsarguments less pedantic, if its primary purpose had not been that of a doctor’sdissertation.Iamneverthelessconstrainedbyexternal reasonstosendittothepressinthisform. MoreoverIbelieve thatIhavesolvedinitaheretoforeunsolvedprobleminthe historyofGreekphilosophy. Marx1841 Itseemsasthoughsomecapitalistsfinallyhavediscoveredknowledge itselfasamarkettoprofitfrom. Learningisrapidlytransformedintosome- thinghavingproduct-likequalities,suchasconsistingofameasurablequan- tityandhavingafixedandcomparablepriceinafreemarket. Thesame processisincreasinglybeingviewedasaneconomicinvestmentthatwill payoutintheformofahighersalaryupongainingadegree. Allthatisinde- pendentoftherelevanceoftheinsightonehasgainedduringtheresearch. Fortunately,Ifeltencouragedbyseveralpeopleandfoundthetimeto write this ethnography — of which I handed in roughly one third as my thesis. Oslo,December2005 iv Figure1: ‘PrayforDouglas—Miraclesstillhappen’—asignindowntown Douglas. Photo:JohannesWilm Acknowledgment Iwanttothankallthose,whohelpedmeinsomewayduringboththewrit- ingandtheempiricalresearch. Inparticular,IwouldliketothankOscar Alvarado,SarahAustin,CesarAvitia,Glenda,JosephandStuartBavier,David Caveny,MikeFallwell,CurtisFoster,HuntHoffman,CarolinaLangham,An- nieMora,ShaineParker,AdrianPedrego,IrmaPerez,LarryReedandKeoki Skinner for their extraordinary help in getting me into contact with an enormouslyhighnumberofpeopleinDouglas,aswellasengagingindis- cussionsonanever-changingrangeoftopics. BackhomeIwassurprised byandthankfultoMarianneSunMayPerandFrancisRønnestadfortheir manyhoursofreadingandcommentingonmywritings. Also,Iwouldlike tothankWiebkeBleicken,JanWilliChristiansen,SaraCools,HelleGabler, ChristopherGambert,AkselGihle,MustafaHussain,LenaJessen,Benjamin Jonsrud,MartheHøyer,MatsMagoIsaksen,TrondKlykken,MarielleLeraand, HeidiLundeberg,SigridSteffensenMelkeraaen,AnneMayMelsom,Harald Nicolaisen,NielsSøndergårdNielsen,MarteNilsen,BarbaraPaech,SjurCap- pelenPapazian,TormodFriisPettersen,CorneliaSchöler,RolfSolvang,Linus Strothmann,ErlendTorpandBeretWerneraswellasmygrandmothersAnne- MarieWilmandJoyceNissen,myparentsPiaandGeroandmysiblingsJulius, JakobandJensineWilm. IalsowanttothankmyadviserThomasHylland Eriksenforthehelpinfindingrelevantliteratureandstructuringitproperly, andEdwinM.Basyeforhisthorougheditingservices. Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Introduction 1 Anthropologicalviewsoftheborderland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 MarxistAnthropology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Thecommunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 GoingtoDouglas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1 Places 17 Thepastacrisis—sociallifeattheLerman . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Gettingtoknowoneanother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 SocialLife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 The“notsosocials” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 ChattingatElEspejo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Checkingoutgirlsatthelibrary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 TheDouglasCulturalElite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 TheLermanresidentsgonebookish . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 GhettopeopleatLaGardin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Gamesat10thStreetPark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 LivinghistoryattheDouglasWendthouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Fascistsatthegunshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Cross-spatialevents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 John’sgood-byereception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Thedrugwar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 v vi Contents Theelection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2 Money 45 Mr. Fernandez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Zack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Joe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Todd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Bruce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Soerlie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 SarahandTom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 BicyclePeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 GarryMora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Maria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 JeffandJanuary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Economicconstructionsofcommunity . . . . . . . . . . . 75 3 Crossingtheline 77 PhysicalBorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Shoppingthehardway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Theprostitute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Zackphysical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 BruceandThePhysicalBorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 WinterVisitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 LocalYoungsters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Peter’sfirsttime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 LanguageBoundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Oscar,firstHispanicpresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Bruce,rockworker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Todd,morethanMexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 CulturalBarrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Johnsocializing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 BrucegoestoTucson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 PeterlivingintheUnitedStates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Contents vii Thetrailerpark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Art&Tom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Toddcrossingwithoutcrossing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Jeffstayingwhereheis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Kevin,theborderless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 IdeasaboutMexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 HistoricalAspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 MaterialReasonsforPersistenceoftheBorder . . . . . . . 111 Particularfeatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 4 Crime 115 TheStructuralistView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 ThePolitical-EconomicalView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Crimeinborderlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 John’sgotagun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 PettyCrimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 TheSocialSecurityScam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 RegisteringCars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Streetkids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 RegisteringForeignVoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 CopyingMusic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 FinalAnalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 5 War&Nationalism 139 Therecruiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Douglasgraduates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 WarisOver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 TheAnti-Nationals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 ForeignbutNationalist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 U.S.AmericanNationalist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Dosoldiershavethesamefunctionasproletarians? . . . . . . . . 152 6 DouglasandtheWorld 157 DouglasconnectedtotheUnitedStates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Connectionthroughcomparability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Connectionthroughinterdependence . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 DouglasdisconnectedfromtheUnitedStates . . . . . . . . . . . 160 viii Contents Agentsfromtheoutside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 LawEnforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Hidingfromthegovernment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Conclusion 171 Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 TheImportanceofStructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Apropheticvalue? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Socialstratification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Thetimes,theyarechanging? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Action? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Positivefactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Sevenyearslater 181 People 187 Mr. Fernandez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 LeavingTown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Angel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Zack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Tom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Oscar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 CosmicPeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 EdwinLudszeweit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Maria&hercrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Stan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Todd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Kevin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 GarryMora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 BicyclePeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Sgt. Skinner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

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