On the Identity of Archiulus? Glomeratus Scudder, 1890, a supposed milliped (Diplopoda: Xyloiulidae) for the Pennsylvanian of Illinois

7 Pages·2001·4.9 MB·English

by  Joseph T Hannibal

KIRTLANDIA
The Cleveland Museum of Natural History
June 2001 Number52:1-7
ONTHE IDENTITY OF
ARCHIULUS1 GLOMERATUSSCUDDER,
1890,
A SUPPOSED MILLIPED (DIPLOPODA: XYLOIULIDAE)
FROM THE PENNSYLVANIAN OF ILLINOIS
JOSEPHT.HANNIBAL
TheClevelandMuseumofNaturalHistory
1WadeOvalDrive
Cleveland,Ohio44106-1767
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
OneofthetwosyntypesofthespeciesArchiuluslglomeratusScudder, 1890,isaxyloiulid
milliped, buttheotherspecimenbelongs tothe syncaridcrustaceanspeciesAcanthotelson
stimpsoniiMeekandWorthen, 1865.Themillipedisdesignatedthelectotypeofthespecies,
whichisassignedtentativelytothegenusXyloiulusCook,1895.
Introduction typesofsegmentedanimals,includingannelidworms,ony-
Thehistoryofthestudyoffossilmyriapodarthropodsis cophorans, and arachnids. Scudder (1882a) identified
replete withmisidentifications athightaxonomic levels. PalaeocampaMeekandWorthen, 1865, whichwasorigi-
Thisisunderstandable, asmillipedsandcentipedssuperfi- nallydescribedasacaterpillar,asamyriapod.LaterFritsch
ciallyresembleothertaxa,especiallythosewithcoiledparts (1907)reinterpretedPalaeocampaasapolychaeteannelid.
orwhichbearaseriesofsimilar-lookingsegments. Recent authors have come to the same conclusion
Whencoiledorpreservedassinglesegments,fossilmil- (Hoffman, 1969,p.R605;Rolfeetal.,1982;Fitzhughetal,
lipeds mayresembleplantparts. Thishas ledto several 1997).IlyodesScudder,1890a,wasoriginallydescribedasa
specimens offossilferns being describedas millipeds. chilopod, but was subsequently identified as an ony-
PalaeojulusdyadicusGeinitz, 1872, asupposedmilliped, chophoranbyRolfeetal. (1982; seealsoHay and Kruty,
was reinterpreted as a fern soon after its description 1997,p.217).NecrogammarussalweyiWoodward, 1870,a
(Scudder, 1886b,p. 17),aswereSamuelScudder’sspecies formthathadbeenreferredtoas anearly myriapod, has
ofthe supposedmyriapodgenus TrichiulusScudder, 1884 onlyrecentlybeenidentifiedasaeurypterid(Selden, 1986).
(Scudder, 1886a; Scudder 1886b, p. 17). Morerecently, FossilsofCrustaceawithmultipleabdominal andtho-
Hoffman(1969, p. R605) identifiedthe supposedmilliped racicsegmentationoftenbearacloseresemblancetofossil
JulopsiscretaceaHeer,1874,asafem. myriapodarthropods. Bothtypes ofarthropods are also
Myriapodshavealsobeenconfusedwithvariousother oftenfoundinthesamerockunits.Thusitisnotsurprising
HANNIBAL No.52
thatScudderassignedanumberofcrustaceanspecimensto
two“species”ofhis supposedchilopodgenusEileticus
Scudder, 1882b. Hoffman (1969,p. R604)notedthatthis
genus was based on “purported myriapod remains.”
However,Brooks(1962,p.258)consideredtheholotypeof
EileticusanthracinusScudder, 1882b,tobeafossilofatypi-
calmyriapodandShear(1997,p.213),citingMundel(1979),
recently notedthatEileticusmaybe ageophilomorph.
Mundel (1979,p. 377)hadreferredtopossiblechilopod
material whichincludedEileticus (?)antiquusMatthew,
1894.Thatmaterial,however,isinneedofreevaluation.Both
Brooks(1962,p.258)andSchram(1984,p.207)considered
thematerialreferredtoEileticusbyScudder(1890a, 1890b),
withtheexceptionoftheholotypeofEileticusanthracinus,to
belongtothesyncaridAcanthotelsonstimpsoniiMeekand
Worthen.ThecaseofEileticusiscomplex;moreinformation
ontherecenthistoryofthetaxonomyofthegenuscanbe
foundinBrooks(1962)andSchram(1984).
Scudderwasnottheonlyworkerwhomayhaveconfused Figure 1.Acanthotelson stimpsoniiMeekandWorthen,
Crustaceawithmyriapodarthropods. AntonFritschbriefly 1865, paralectotypeofArchiuluslglomeratus Scudder,
describeda“lithobiid?” (1910, p. 7) specimenfromthe 1890a, USNM 37993. Cameralucidadrawingofpartof
CretaceousoftheCzechRepublic,notingthatinterpretation specimen seen in Figure 2A, with several parts
ofthisspecimenwasdifficult.Hedidnotnamethisspecies. identified;T=thoracomere.
Fritsch’sfigure(1910,PI.4,fig. 12)ofthisspecimenresem-
blesthatofacrustacean.Unfortunately,thespecimenitself,
which is preserved in the collections ofthe Narodnf
Muzeum,Prague,istoopoorlypreservedforidentification. Diagnosis
Thepurposeofthispaperistoillustrateandredescribe “Second andthirdthoracopods raptorial. Telson and
the syntypes ofArchiuluslglomeratus Scudder, 1890a, uropodsstyliform.”(FromSchram,1984,p.205.)
andtodesignatealectotypesoastoresolvethetaxonomic
placementofthespecies.Thisisnecessaryasthesyntypes Acanthotelsonstimpsonii MeekandWorthen,1865
belongtotwodifferentclassesofarthropods. Figures1-2
ScudderreferredtwospecimensfromtheMazonCreek
faunatothisnew“archipolypod”speciesArchiuluslglom- AcanthotelsonStimpsoniiMeekandWorthen, 1865, p.
eratusin1890.Hedescribedonespecimenasa“moderately 47-48.
largegalley-worm” [milliped] with 18or 19segmentsand AcanthotelsonStimpsoniMeekandWorthen, 1866, p.
long,stout,legs.Theother,whichhewas“inclinedtoplace 401, PI. 32, fig. 6; Meek and Worthen, 1868, p.
in the same species” was asmaller, butseemingly more 549-550, figs, a-b; White, 1884, p. 176-177, PL 37,
complete, specimen. One ofthesetwo specimens (the figs.4-5.
“moderatelylargegalley-worm”)is,infact,asyncaridcrus- Acanthotelson stimpsoniSchram, 1984, p. 205-207, fig.
tacean,completewitharaptorialappendage.Thatspecimen 9,PI. 1,figs,c-e,PI.2,fig.a;Schram,Rolfe,andHay,
ispartlycoiled,only superficiallyresemblingacoiledmil- 1997,p. 158,figs.12.8-12.9.
liped.TheotherspecimenofArchiuluslglomeratus,which AcanthotelsonEveniMeekandWorthen, 1868, p. 551,
Scudderwas “inclinedtoplaceinthe same species,”isin figs,a-d;White,1884,p. 177-178,PI.38,figs.4-7.
factacoiled,cylindrical,helminthomorphmilliped. EileticusanthracinusScudder, 1890a,p.420-421,PI. 38,
fig.5;Scudder,1890b,p.396-397,PI.30,fig.5.
SystematicPaleontology Eileticusaequalis Scudder, 1890a, p. 421, PI. 38, figs.
6-9;Scudder,1890b,p.397,PI.30,figs.6-9.
ClassMalacostracaLatreille,1806 ArchiuluslglomeratusScudder, 1890a, p. 436-437, PI.
SubclassEumalacostracaGrobben,1892 37, fig. 2; Scudder, 1890b, p. 412^113, PL 29, fig. 2
OrderSyncaridaPackard,1885 (newsynonymy).
SuborderPalaeocaridaceaBrooks,1962 ArchiulusglomeratusScudder, 1891, p. 10(inpart;new
FamilyAcanthotelsonidaeMeekandWorthen,1865 synonymy).
GenusAcanthotelsonMeekandWorthen,1865 ForadditionalsynonymsseeSchram,1984,p.205-206.
2001 ARCHIULUS?GLOMERATUS 3
cm cm
1 1
Figure2.AcanthotelsonstimpsoniiMeekandWorthen,1865,paralectotypeofArchiuluslglomeratusScudder,1890a,USNM37993.
A,remainspreservedinonehalfofconcretion;B,remainspreservedinotherhalfofconcretion.
Materialstudied sonii.Thespecimenalsodisplaysthestoutraptorialspinesofthat
USNM37993;collectedbyJ. C. Carr, originallynum- species(MeekandWorthen, 1868,p.551b,d[identifiedas
bered 1823a/bintheLacoeCollection(Scudder, 1890a,p. AcanthotelsonEveni];Brooks, 1962,textplate 11,fig.a).In
437; Scudder, 1890b, p. 413). CollectedatMazonCreek, addition,thespecimencanbedistinguishedfromtheothertwo
Grundy Co., Illinois, from the Francis Creek Shale, MazonCreekspeciesasitlackstheenlargedsixththoracomere
WestphalianDinage.Preservedinconcretion. foundinP.typusandtheposteriorofits14ththoracomereisspin-
ose,unlikethesmoothposteriorofthatthoracomereinP.micra.
Descriptionofspecimen Scudder’sdescriptionofArchiuluslglomeratuswaspub-
Moderate sizeforspecies. Cephalonincomplete. Third lishedintheMemoirsoftheBostonSocietyofNaturalHistory
through 14ththoracomeres more orless wellpreserved. (Scudder, 1890a)andinFossilInsectsofNorthAmerica
Averagedimensionsofthoracomeres2mmlongand4mm (Scudder, 1890b)inthesameyear.Itisdifficulttodetermine
high;firstthreepreservedthoracomeresincreasinggradual- whichpublicationhaspriority,butScudderhimselflistedthe
lyinsize.Posteriorof14ththoracomerespinous.Presumed BostonSocietypublicationfirstinhislistofcitationstoA.
antennalpeduncle with spine bases along length andat glomeratusinhisindextofossilinsects(Scudder,1891,p.10)
points ofarticulation. Raptorial leg prominent, spinose. andotherauthorshavegenerallydonethesame.Regardlessof
Walkinglegsrobust. Telson anduropods probably styli- priority,bothpublicationsarevirtuallyidentical.
form,withspinesofvaryingsizesalonglength. AsAcanthotelsonstimpsoniihasrecentlybeenrestudied,
onlyanabbreviatedsynonymyisprovidedabove.Additional
Remarks synonymscanbefoundinSchram(1984,p.205-206).
ThreespeciesbelongingtothefamilyAcanthotelsonidaeare ThespellingA.stimpsonii,asoriginallyusedbyMeekand
foundintheMazonCreekfauna:Acanthotelsonstimpsonii Worthen(butlaterabandonedbytheauthors)appearstobe
MeekandWorthen, 1865;PalaeocaristypusMeekand thegenitiveoftheLatinizedformofStimpsonsomustbe
Worthen, 1865;andPalaeosyncarismicraSchram, 1984.The revivedasthecorrectspellingaccordingtoArticle33.4ofthe
seeminglystyliformtelsonanduropodsofthespecimen InternationalCodeofZoologicalNomenclature(International
describedaboveindicatethatitbelongstothespeciesA.stimp- CommissiononZoologicalNomenclature,1999).
4 HANNIBAL No.52
Scudder’s two specimens ofthe speciesArchiulusl Discussion
glomeratusScudder,1890a,havebeenconsideredcotypes Hoffman (1963) includedthe ArchiulidaeofScudder
(Schuchert, 1905,p.61),thatissyntypes.Scudderempha- (1873)inpart,theXyloiulidaeofCook(1895a, 1895b),and
sized the specimen described above (which is a crus- theProjulidaeofFritsch(1899)inthisfamily.
tacean)inhisoriginaldescription,describingitfirstandin
greaterdetail than the otherspecimen hereferredto his IXyloiulusglomeratus(Scudder,1890a)
supposed species ofmilliped. However, Scudderdid not Figure3
specificallyreferto the specimen he emphasized as the
type. Forthe sakeofmaintaining astableconceptofthe Archiulus?glomeratusScudder, 1890a,p.437,Pl.37,fig.
species, I amdesignatingtheother specimen ofthe syn- 3;Scudder,1890b,p.413,Pl.29,fig.3.
typeseries,whichisatruemilliped,asthelectotypeofthe ArchiulusglomeratusScudder,1891,p. 10(inpart).
speciesArchiuluslglomeratusScudder, 1890a. AndIam
designating the crustacean specimen (USNM 37993) as Materialstudied
the paralectotype ofthe speciesArchiuluslglomeratus USNM 37994; originally numbered 1823c/d in the
Scudder,1890a. LacoeCollection(Scudder1890a,p.437;Scudder, 1890b,
Thispartlycoiledcrustaceanspecimendoesresemblea p.413).CollectedatBraidwood,Illinois,fromtheFrancis
myriapodinsideview,especiallyasseeninScudder’sfig- CreekShale, Westphalian D in age. Preservedinconcre-
ure(1890a,PI.37,fig.2; 1890b,PL29,fig.2).Becauseof tion. Composed ofnatural molds, with some pyritic
itsroundedpleuritesitbearsageneralresemblancetothe ?replacementorcastmaterialpresent.
millipedPleurojulus Fritsch, 1899, which has recently
been identifiedfromthe Mazon Creekfauna (Hannibal, Descriptionofspecimen
1996).However,thecrustaceancaneasilybedistinguished Elongate, cylindrical milliped. About40 segments
fromamillipedbasedonitsrobustappendagesandtelson. exposed, lengthofexposedportionsabout33 mm, maxi-
Acanthotelsonstimpsoniiisoneofthemostabundant mumheightofbodyabout2.5mm.Taperstowardposterior.
speciesoffossilcrustacean(Brooks, 1962,p. 230),aswell Separation ofprozonites and metazonites indistinct.
as the most completely known ofany fossil syncarid Pleurotergites markedwithfinelongitudinal striae, com-
(Schram, 1986,p.87).Thisspeciesismostabundantinthe posedofseriesofgroovesandridges.Eighttotenstriaeper
BraidwoodassemblageoftheMazonCreekfauna(Schram, 0.5mm.Striaecrossmostofpleurotergitebutmorepromi-
Rolfe, and Hay, 1997, p. 158). MeekandWorthenpub- nenttoward middle andposterior. Striaeon middle and
lishedfiguresofA. stimpsonii(1866, PI. 32; 1868,PI. 38) upperpartofpleurotergitescurvetowarddorsumanteriorly.
that includedbothoutstretchedandpartiallycoiledspeci-
mens.Thesefigureswerewidelyknownandrecopied(e.g., Remarks
Lesley, 1889,p. 2). Nevertheless, Scudderwas unableto Scudder(1890a, p. 437; 1890b, p. 413) describedthis
recognizematerialbelongingtothistaxon.Thismighthave specimen second in his description of the species
been due tohis unfamiliarity withfossil Crustaceafrom Archiulus?glomeratusandwasonly“inclinedtoplace”it
MazonCreek,andinthecaseofUSNM37993,therelative- inthesamespeciesasthefirstspecimen.Whilemostofthe
lypoorpreservationoftheanteriorofthespecimen. bodyispreserved,neithertheanteriormostnortheposteri-
Scudder’sfiguredspecimensofEileticusanthracinus(in ormostpartofthebodyisevident,onlypartsoftheproxi-
part)andE.aequalis(1890a,PL38; 1890b,PL30)areofout- malleg segments arerepresented, andthepreservationof
stretchedspecimensofAcanthotelsonstimpsoniiMeekand thespecimenisonlyofmediocrequality.Despitethesefac-
Worthen;thisdifferenceledhimtodistinguishthesespecimens tors, Iamdesignatingthis specimen, whichis atruemil-
fromthecoiledspecimenshereferredtoArchiulus?glomeratus liped, as thelectotype ofArchiulus?glomeratusScudder.
Scudder,1890a.Thus,Scudder’sfailuretonoticethesimilarity Thisisbeingdoneforthesakeofavoidingconfusionand
ofsomeofhissupposedmyriapodmaterialwiththatofMeek formaintainingnomenclatorialstability.
andWorthen’scrustaceanmaterialresultedinatleasttwo Althoughrecentworks (Hannibal, 1997) ontheMazon
species(assumingthattheholotypeofE.anthracinusisamil- Creekfaunahavenotedthepresenceofxyloiulids,therehas
liped,butthatassumptionisinneedofinvestigation)ofmyria- beenlittledetailedworkonxyloiulids sincetheworkof
podarthropodbeingnamedbasedatleastinpartonmaterial Scudder(e.g., Scudder, 1873)and,morerecently,Hoffman
thatcanbeassignedtoasinglespeciesofcrustacean. (1963, 1969).Scudder(1873,p.239)notedtheresemblance
ofArchiulusScudder, 1868 (proposedinDawson, 1868,p.
ClassDiplopodaBlainvilleinGervais,1844 495,496),andXylobiusDawson(=XyloiulusCook, 1895a),
SubclassHelminthomorphaPocock,1887 distinguishingArchiulusbyitslackof“frustra”(=striae;see
Order?SpirobolidaBollman,1893 alsoHoffman, 1963,p. 169)andothercharacters.Scudder’s
FamilyXyloiulidaeCook,1895a publishedfigures(1890c;alsopublishedinDawson,1878,p.
2001 ARCHIULUS? GLOMERATUS 5
——
I—
I m1m I I mm
3 1
Figure3.IXyloiulusglomeratus(Scudder,1890a),lectotypeofArchiulus?glomeratusScudder,1890a,USNM37994.A,remains
preservedinonehalfofconcretion;B,remainspreservedinotherhalfofconcretion;C,cameralucidadrawingofpartofspeci-
menseeninA,dotsindicatesegmentsseeninD;D,close-upofnaturalmoldofseveralsegmentsshowingstriae,composedofseries
ofgroovesandridges.
56)illustratingdifferencesbetweenXylobius(=Xyloiulus) istentativeasthelongitudinalgroovesofthespeciesarenot
andArchiulusshowlittledetail,buthisillustrationsindicate distinctlycontinuousalongtheentirelengthofthesegments
thattherearemorestriaeonthesegmentsofXyloiulusthan astheyareincertainXyloiulus.
onthoseofArchiulus.ThusArchiulus?glomeratusistenta- Scudder (1890a, p. 438-440; 1890b, p. 414-416)
tivelyassignedtothegenusXyloiulusCook, 1895a,rather describedtwospeciesofXyloiulus,Xyloiulusfrustulentus
thantothegenusArchiulus Scudder, 1868. The species (Scudder) andXyloiulusmazonus(Scudder), fromMazon
appearstohavethecharactersofthegenusXyloiulusasdiag- Creek. Withoutreexaminationofthetype material, these
nosedbyHoffman(1963,p. 171).However,theassignment speciescanbecomparedto IXyloiulusglomeratusonly in
.
6 HANNIBAL No.52
grossrespects. BasedonScudder’sdescriptions IXyloiulus Fritsch, A. 1907. MiscellaneaPal—aeontologica. Vol. 1,
glomeratus is most likeXyloiulusfrustulentus Both Palaeozoica. Prague, Selbstverlag incommisionbeiFr.
Rivnac.
IXyloiulusglomeratusandXyloiulusfrustulentusaresmall
xyloiulidsandbothhavecloselyspacedstriae.Accordingto Fritsch, A. 1910. MiscellaneaPal—aeontologica. Vol. 2,
Scudder,however,X.frustulentushasalternatinglongerand Mesozoica. Prague, Selbstverlag incommisionbeiFr.
Rivnac.
shortersegments.TheseappeartobelackinginIXyloiulus
glomeratus.Scudder’sillustrationsofXyloiulusfrustulentus GeiRnoitthzl,ieHg.endBe.n1b8e7i2C.heFmonsistizl.eNMatyurriwiaspsoednsecnhaifntldicehme
(Scudder, 1890a,PI.37,figs.4-6; 1890b,PI.29,figs.4-6) GesellschaftIsis, Dresden, Sitzungsberichtefurdem
areinadequateforfurthercomparison.RestudyofXyloiulus Jahre1872,p.128-131.
frustulentusandcomparisonwith “IXyloiulusglomeratusis Gervais, P. 1844. Etudes pour servir a l’histoire des
needed,butisbeyondthescopeofthispaper. Myriapodes. ThesedeZoologie. BourgogneetMartinet,
Paris.36p.
Acknowledgements Grobben, K. 1892. ZurKenntniss des Stammbaumes und
Thanks are due to J. Thompson andC. Labandeira, des Systems der Crustaceen. Sitzungsberichte der
UnitedStatesNationalMuseum,forloansofthetypemater- oesterreichischen Akademie derWissenschaften, p.
ial; V. Turekand R. Prokop for aid while visiting the 237-274.
NarodnfMuzeum,Prague;R. Whiteforaidwhilevisiting Hannibal, J. T. 1996. Pleurojulidmillipedes (Diplopoda)
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avisittotheFieldMuseumofNaturalHistory.Portionsof IthnetearrncahtiitoencatlurCeonogfrethsespolfeuMryorjiulaipdodroilngogsyt,ruActbusrter.acTtesntohf
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