On the 39 Articles: A Conversation with Tudor Christianity PDF
Preview On the 39 Articles: A Conversation with Tudor Christianity
On the Thirty Nine Articles_Prelims:Layout 1 04/07/2011 12:50 Page 1 On the ThirtyNineArticles .d e vre se r sth g ir llA .d tL n re d o M & tn e icn A sn m yH .1 1 0 2 © th g iryp o C O'Donovan, Oliver. On the Thirty-Nine Articles : A Conversation with Tudor Christianity, Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3306188. Created from nottingham on 2021-03-16 07:56:51. On the Thirty Nine Articles_Prelims:Layout 1 04/07/2011 12:50 Page 2 .d e vre se r sth g ir llA .d tL n re d o M & tn e icn A sn m yH .1 1 0 2 © th g iryp o C O'Donovan, Oliver. On the Thirty-Nine Articles : A Conversation with Tudor Christianity, Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3306188. Created from nottingham on 2021-03-16 07:56:51. On the Thirty Nine Articles_Prelims:Layout 1 04/07/2011 12:50 Page 3 On the Thirty Nine Articles A Conversation with Tudor Christianity Secondedition Oliver O’Donovan .d e vre se r sth g ir llA .d tL n re d o M & tn e icn A sn m yH .1 1 0 2 © th g iryp o C O'Donovan, Oliver. On the Thirty-Nine Articles : A Conversation with Tudor Christianity, Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3306188. Created from nottingham on 2021-03-16 07:56:51. On the Thirty Nine Articles_Prelims:Layout 1 04/07/2011 12:50 Page 4 ©OliverO’Donovan2011 Publishedin2011bySCMPress Editorialoffice 13–17LongLane,LondonEC1A9PN,UK Firstpublishedin1986byPaternosterPress. SCMPressisanimprintofHymnsAncientandModernLtd (aregisteredcharity) 13AHellesdonParkRoadNorwichNR65DR,UK Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopyingorotherwise,withouttheprior permissionofthepublisher,SCMPress. TheAuthorhasassertedhisrightundertheCopyright,DesignsandPatents Act,1988,tobeidentifiedastheAuthorsofthisWork .d e vre BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationdata se r sthg Acataloguerecordforthisbookisavailable ir llA fromtheBritishLibrary .d tL n re 978-0-334-04398-0 d o M & tn e icn A sn TypesetbyChurchTimes m yH .1 10 PrintedandboundbyCPIAntonyRowe,Chippenham,Wiltshire 2 © th g iryp o C O'Donovan, Oliver. On the Thirty-Nine Articles : A Conversation with Tudor Christianity, Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3306188. Created from nottingham on 2021-03-16 07:56:51. On the Thirty Nine Articles_Prelims:Layout 1 04/07/2011 12:50 Page 5 Contents PrefacetotheSecondEdition vii Introduction 1 1 FaithinGodandChrist(Articles1and2) 11 2 ThePassionandTriumphof Christ(Articles2–4) 21 3 TheSpiritasanAfterthought(Article5) 37 4 TheScriptures(Articles6–8) 45 5 TheConcealmentof Creation(Articles9and10) 63 6 SalvationinChrist(Articles11–18) 75 .d e vre 7 TheDisappearanceof theInvisibleChurch se r sth (Article19) 88 g ir llA 8 AuthoritytoCommand(Articles32–9) 98 .d tL n 9 AuthoritytoConvince(Articles20–4) 113 re d o M & 10 TheSacraments(Articles25–31) 124 tn e icn A sn Appendix1 m yH TheFortyTwoArticles(1553)andtheThirtyNine .1 1 0 2 © Articles(1571) 134 th giryp Appendix2 o C TheWestminsterConfession(1647)chaptersIIIandXXV 159 v O'Donovan, Oliver. On the Thirty-Nine Articles : A Conversation with Tudor Christianity, Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3306188. Created from nottingham on 2021-03-16 07:56:51. On the Thirty Nine Articles_Prelims:Layout 1 04/07/2011 12:50 Page 6 .d e vre se r sth g ir llA .d tL n re d o M & tn e icn A sn m yH .1 1 0 2 © th g iryp o C O'Donovan, Oliver. On the Thirty-Nine Articles : A Conversation with Tudor Christianity, Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3306188. Created from nottingham on 2021-03-16 07:56:51. On the Thirty Nine Articles_Prelims:Layout 1 04/07/2011 12:50 Page 7 Preface to the Second Edition Inofferingthepublicaneweditionofthisbook25yearsafteritsfirstappearance Ihavedonenomorethanremoveanoccasionalwordoradjustthepunctuation, tomakethereader’sjourneyalittlesmoother.Otherwisetheconfidentand volublevoicethatraiseditself25yearsagoisheardasitspokethen,withallits now-unidiomatiche’sandhis’s.Withoutbeingtooindulgenttoourownfaults, weoweouryoungerselvesamodicumof respect,anditdoesnothingfora writer’sintegrityifthethoughtsofyouthareconstantlycheckedandcorrected by age.I must report,however,that I now feel some discomfort at the un- sympatheticreadingthatIgavetheLambethQuadrilateral(p.96). Thepastquarter-centuryhasbeenkindtothestudyofAnglicanhistory,and were the book to be written afresh, there would be much to expand upon. DiarmaidMcCullough’sbiographyofCranmerandEamonDuffy’scontroversial probingsofEnglishpietyonthevergeofReformationhavechangedthewhole .d toneofhistorians’treatmentoftheTudorperiod.Newviewshavebeenopened e vrese uponwhatmaystillbethoughtofastheclassicperiodofAnglicanlifeandletters r sth throughanewappreciationofthelongundervaluedachievementoftheScottish g ir llA AnglicanKingJamesVI/I.TheeraofEstablishmentAnglicanism,too,1662– .dtL 1832,has appeared in a new and exciting light as the result of the work of n red J.C.D.Clark.Buttogointothesematters,howeverenticing,wouldbetolosethe o M & thrustofthebook,whichmarginalizedhistoricalandtextualcontexttomake tn eicn space for the Anglican Reformers to intervene conversationally in our con- A sn temporarytheologicalquestioning.Thisisaworkofhighcatecheticsratherthan m yH scholarship. .1 10 In1985Igavelittlethoughttotheotherpartnerinthisconversation,the‘we’ 2 © th whoturntoTudorChristianityasasourceofunderstanding.Variousfacetsof g iryp Anglicanexperiencearesimplymissingfromthisbook.Nothingissaidofthe o C polartensionbetweenhigh-churchandlow-church(anechoofthatbetween vii O'Donovan, Oliver. On the Thirty-Nine Articles : A Conversation with Tudor Christianity, Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3306188. Created from nottingham on 2021-03-16 07:56:51. On the Thirty Nine Articles_Prelims:Layout 1 04/07/2011 12:50 Page 8 ON THE THIRTY NINE ARTICLES ToryandWhiginsecularpolitics),thefruitoftheEnglishCivilWarandthe Ejectionwhichfollowedthefailureof reconciliationin1662.(Haveweever sufficientlyappreciatedwhatitmeantthatinBritainalonetheseventeenth- centurycivil-religiouswarspittedProtestantsdirectlyagainstProtestants?)Also passedoveristheinternationalmissionaryexpansionwhichtransformedthe Anglicanchurchesintoaworldwidecommunionbytheendofthenineteenth century.Theseomissionsweredefensible,evennecessary,giventheaimofthe book,butwouldbedifficulttosustainifthebookwerewrittentoday,nowthat thefutureoftheAnglicanfamilyofchurcheshasbecomeamatterofdoubt. BeinganAnglicanChristianoverthepastquarter-centuryhasindeedbeena heart-in-mouthride.MutualexcommunicationsbyAnglicanbishops,counter- dioceses set up in opposition to one another, primates refusing to receive communion together at the hand of the Archbishop of Canterbury,‘flying bishops’criss-crossingthecountrytovisitparisheswhichwillhavenotruckwith theirdiocesans,allthesebewilderingexperienceshavetransformedthenatureof theAnglicanidentity.And,finally,thereis‘theCovenant’,aninstrumentwhich seemstosometosoundwithaperturbinglyun-Anglicannote. Imentiononeotherfactor,lessobservedbutprobablyofgreatersignificance thanalltheothers:thegeneraldisuseoftheBookofCommonPrayer,evenin England where its position is protected by law.A church that conceived its relationtodoctrineliturgically—forthatwasThomasCranmer’schieflegacy .d —wasboundtobedeeplytiedtothelanguageofitsprayer.Ifthefirstcauseof e vrese theAnglicanReformationwastheEnglishBible,itsdecisiveformwastheEnglish r sth PrayerBook.FormanygenerationsitcouldplausiblybesaidthatAnglicans g ir llA needed no ongoing conversation with the Articles or other Reformation .dtL documents,sincetheirsharedliturgicaltextsandtranslationoftheBiblegave n red sufficient content to the claim that the rule of prayer was the rule of faith. o M & AnglicanformsofprayerandChristianbeliefweretransportedacrosstheglobe tn eicn on the sea-going vessels of the English language. And if, as some now A sn prognosticate,theAnglicancommunionwillshortlydisappearfromthefamily m yH ofChristianchurches,thatwillbeduenotleasttothedissolutionofthelanguage .1 10 formerly called ‘modern English’ into a structureless lingua franca of the 2 © th worldwideweb.Newliturgies,alreadyreplacingthecommonbookwhenthis g iryp essayfirstappeared,wereanattempt—unavoidable,andbynomeansbadly o C conceived—torespondtotheinstabilityofthelinguisticculture.Todayweare viii O'Donovan, Oliver. On the Thirty-Nine Articles : A Conversation with Tudor Christianity, Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3306188. Created from nottingham on 2021-03-16 07:56:51. On the Thirty Nine Articles_Prelims:Layout 1 04/07/2011 12:50 Page 9 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION offered a variety of national liturgies only loosely associated by family- resemblances.Iftheysoundalittlemealy-mouthedandalreadyold-fashioned, thatisameasureofthespeedwithwhichthecatastropheoftheEnglishlanguage hasoccurred,andofthestrategyadoptedtomeetit,whichmadeavirtueof avoidingelaboration.Thereisnopointinbewailingthelinguisticlossorinbeing ungrateful to the liturgists, who have, perhaps, given us the best that an inarticulate age is capable of using. But the traditional Anglican way of moderatingitsself-understandinghas,onanyaccount,ceasedtooperate.The prayer-bookwhichstillholdsanormativeplaceinAnglicanconstitutionsisone whichfewuseforprayerandfewerstillrecognizequotationsfrom,andthatis whyunfamiliarinstrumentslike‘theCovenant’havebecomeindispensible.Ifwe aretohandontofuturegenerationssomethingofwhatwehavereceived,what isneededisanewandverydeliberatereturn—atacatecheticalandnotonlya scholarlylevelYorkbridalshoptothestudyofourAnglicansources. TheArticlesareonlyonesmallpieceofthistask.Thereismuchthatthey cannotteachaswellasmuchthattheycan.Onething,however,theymightteach usatthisjuncture:howthechurchshouldproceedinacrisisofinnerconflict. ThematterishighlightedinArticle26(27inCranmer’ssequence),oneoftwo Articles which in 1985 I passed over in silence. (The other omission, more pardonable,wasthecatalogueofHomiliesinArticle35.)Article26upholdsthe view common to theWestern church sinceAugustine’s polemical campaign .d againsttheDonatiststhatsacramentsmaybevalidandeffectiveforsalvation e vrese evenwhenperformedbyunfitministers.Theimplicationsofthisdoctrineare r sth workedoutwithremarkablecoolnessofnervebyThomasAquinas,forwhom g ir llA evenrankunbeliefonthepartofthepriestcannotstopGodhonouringthesign .dtL thatChristhasinstituted.Therealityofwhattakesplacetherecanbeannulled n red onlybyadeterminedandclearintentionontheminister’spartnottocelebrate o M & the sacrament but to subvert it: ‘when one does not intend to confer the tn eicn sacrament,buttoperformaparodyofit—especiallywhenthatismadeobvious A sn toeveryoneelse’. m yH Thesubstanceof theArticlewasliftedwholebyCranmerfromanearlier .1 10 composition of his own, the Thirteen Articles of agreement with Lutheran 2 © th theologiansin1538,whereitmarkedaconvergencebetweenLutheranhorror g iryp of Anabaptist sectarianism and the Anglican hope of accomplishing a o C reformationfromwithin—byepiscopalinquisition,asheaddedin1553,and ix O'Donovan, Oliver. On the Thirty-Nine Articles : A Conversation with Tudor Christianity, Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3306188. Created from nottingham on 2021-03-16 07:56:51. On the Thirty Nine Articles_Prelims:Layout 1 04/07/2011 12:50 Page 10 ON THE THIRTY NINE ARTICLES bythepowerofecclesiasticalappointments.Toithethenattachedatitle,‘The wickednessoftheministersdothnottakeawaytheeffectualoperationofGod’s ordinances’,which,asStephenMarkHolmeshasrealized,wasdrawnfroman unlikelysource,theargumentsofthelatethirteenth-centuryscholasticWilliam Durandusinsupportoftheeffectivenessexopereoperatooftheconsecrationof theeucharisticelements—atypicalexampleof theArchbishop’sunbridled eclecticism. Parkermadeachangetothetitlein1571,replacingCranmer’s‘wickedness’ with‘unworthiness’,anditisreasonabletosupposethatthiswastoemphasize thattheclericalinadequacywhichcouldnotinvalidateasacramentdidnotstop with moral delinquency but included theological error. That is to say, he sharpenedthefocusoftheArticletodiscouragepopularinitiativeinpassing judgmentonthetheologicalstanceofparticularpriests,apracticewhichcould quicklydestroytheparochialanddiocesansystem,asithasbeguntoinourown day.In 1560 Parker had been presented with the Scots Confession of Faith, approvedbytheScottishParliamentinthemidstofdramaticpoliticalevents andmadepossiblebyEnglishmilitarysupport.Hemusthavebeendismayedby itsArticle22,‘Ontherightadministrationofthesacraments’,whichexplains why‘wefleethesocietyofthePapisticalkirkinparticipationoftheirsacraments’. The two grounds offered for this policy were,indeed,astonishing.Catholic priests,theConfessiondeclared,werenotproperlyordained,forthedouble .d reasonthattheywerenotrequiredtopreach—whatthismightmeanforChurch e vrese ofEnglandclergyinstructedtoreadtheHomilieswasalarmingenough—and, r sth ‘more horrible’in the eyes of the Scots Reformers, that Catholic discipline g ir llA permittedwomentoadministerbaptisminurgentneed.Thesecondgroundfor .dtL not participating in the Catholic Mass was that it was contaminated by n red unwarrantedpractices,likeveneratingthehost,andbyfalseunderstandings,like o M & thatofeucharisticsacrifice.ThesefeaturesofCatholictheoryandpracticehad, tn eicn ofcourse,beencondemnedintheEnglishArticlesofEdward’sreign(29/28, A sn 30/31),butwithouteverdrawingtheconclusionthatCatholicpriestswerenot m yH ordainedministers,letalonethatCatholicEucharistswerenotvalidsacraments .1 10 oftheGospel.TheScotsaddedpointedlythatthesacramentdemandedacorrect 2 © th understandingnotmerelyonthepartoftherecipientbutonthepartofthe g iryp minister,too:‘therightuseceases...iftheteacherplainlyteachfalsedoctrine’. o C ThosewhospokefortheScottishReformationbelievedtherewasa‘synagogue x O'Donovan, Oliver. On the Thirty-Nine Articles : A Conversation with Tudor Christianity, Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nottingham/detail.action?docID=3306188. Created from nottingham on 2021-03-16 07:56:51.
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