On poroid Hymenochaetales growing on bamboos in southern Brazil and NE Argentina.

2009·0.38 MB·

by  Coelho, G

Fungal Diversity

On poroid Hymenochaetales growing on bamboos in Southern Brazil and NE
Argentina

Coelho, G.1*, da Silveira, R.M.B.2, Guerrero, R.T.3 and Rajchenberg, M.4

1Dept. FUE, CE, UFSM, Campus, CEP 97110050, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
2,3Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP 91501970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brasil.
4Centro Forestal CIEFAP, C.C. 14, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina.

Coelho, G., Silveira, R.M.B., Guerrero, R.T. and Rajchenberg, M. (2009). On poroid Hymenochaetales growing on
bamboos in southern Brazil and NE Argentina. Fungal Diversity 36: 1-8.

Fomitiporia sanctichampagnatii sp. nov. is described and illustrated on the basis of a specimen growing on bamboo in
Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. The species is compared to other Phellinus species growing on bamboos,
especially those with dextrinoid basidiospores. The new combinations Fomitiporia spinescens and Fomitiporia uncinata
also are proposed. Species of Phellinus s.l. (Hymenochaetales) growing on bamboos in southern Brazil and NE
Argentina plus those recorded elsewhere are keyed out.

Key words: Basidiomycetes, fungi, Hymenochaetaceae, polypores, wood-inhabiting neotropical fungi

Article Information
Received 2 July 2007
Accepted 10 September 2008
Published online 31 May 2009
*Corresponding author: G. Coelho; e-mail: [email protected]

Introduction were also recorded in the literature (Larsen
and Cobb-Poulle, 1990; Ryvarden, 1991,
Bamboos are woody perennial grasses 2004). All species of Phellinus s.l. presenting
that occur in tropical, subtropical and cool bambusicolous specificity were hitherto
temperate (sometimes even in boreal forests), known from subtropical areas in South
evergreen and deciduous forest worldwide. America, except Phellinus bambusinus (Pat.)
Important uses of bamboos include paper and Pat., described from Vietnam and known only
pulp industry, fuel, food, feed, furniture, house from the type locality. Ryvarden (2004) has
construction and scaffolding, and making monographed the poroid Hymenochaetales for
several articles of daily use. In South America, tropical South America but several re-
they have been cultivated or exploited from arrangements of taxa and species distribution
native forests to be used in gardening, building, need to be specified.
decoration, pulping, and daily use (McClure During a review of Phellinus s. l. taxa
and Smith, 1967). growing on bamboos in southern Brazil and
Bamboos have been recorded as NE Argentina, a collection characterized by a
substrate to several wood-rotting fungi resupinate habit, large pores, hymenial setae,
(Ryvarden and Johansen, 1980; Boidin et al., and dextrinoid basidiospores was studied. The
1986; Spooner and Candoussau, 1988; Petrini dextrinoid basidiospores indicated a possible
et al., 1989; Candoussau et al., 1996; relationship with the Fomitiporia punctata
Rungjindamai et al., 2008). Some species of complex. After comparison with other Phelli-
Phellinus Quél. s. l. (Hymenochaetales, nus species with dextrinoid basidiospores and
Basidiomycota) have been found growing occurring on bamboos or other substrates, it
exclusively on bamboo indicating specificity became evident that this collection represented
to this substrate (Larsen and Cobb-Poulle 1990, an undescribed taxon, described below as
Ryvarden 1983, 2004). Species that are able to Fomitiporia sanctichampagnatii. We propose
grow on bamboo and other different substrates the new combinations Fomitiporia spinescens
1
and Fomitiporia uncinata after revising the NE Argentina that they thought corresponded
type material of several other bambusicolous to Poria bambusarum Rick. They provided a
species with dextrinoid basidiospores and new name because they incorrectly thought
present a key of Phellinus s. l. growing on that their placement in Phellinus was
bamboos worldwide. preoccupied by Phellinus bambusinus, which
is not the case, and the name turned out to be
Materials and methods superfluous. Specimens upon which the name
was given, though, do not correspond to the
Materials utilized in this study have been
type of P. bambusarum, but to Ph. uncinatus
gathered either from areas located around the
Rajchenb. Phellinus garuhapensis, known
town of Santa Maria (in the central region of
only from the type material, is an immature
Rio Grande do Sul State, RS, Southern Brazil)
specimen of Poria bambusarum, as already
by the senior author or from field expeditions
stated by Rajchenberg and De Meijer (1990),
in the Nature Research and Conservation
but Ryvarden (2004) recognized it as an
Center, Pró-Mata (São Francisco de Paula,
independent taxon following Wright and
Eastern RS), a preserved area in Dom Pedro de
Blumenfeld (1986).
Alcântara (Eastern RS) and from NE
This species is found in NE Argentina
Argentina in the Iguazú Falls area. Phyto-
and Southern Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa
geographically, these areas pertain to the
Catarina, and Paraná states (Gerber and
Neotropic region, Amazonic domain, Paranean
Loguercio-Leite 2000, Rajchenberg 1987b,
and Atlantic provinces (Cabrera and Willink
Rajchenberg and De Meijer 1990, Rick 1960).
1980). Additional data were obtained from
For a description, see Larsen and Cobb-Poulle
previous type studies made by the authors and
(1990). This species is clearly related to
from the literature.
Fomitiporia by its globose to subglobose
Descriptions and measurements are
dextrinoid basidiospores, but its recombination
according to Coelho (2005) and Dai (1999).
into the genus is being studied by different
Studied specimens are deposited at ICN,
authors (Loguercio-Leite, Univ. Fed. Santa
PACA and BAFC herbaria. The authors of
Catarina, pers. com.).
scientific names follow the new edition of
Materials examined: ARGENTINA,
Authors of Fungal Names (Kirk and Ansell
Misiones, Garuhapé, leg. C. Gómez and R.T.
1992), available on the internet at (http://
Guerrero, VI.1965 (BAFC 29452, holotype of
www.indexfungorum.org/AuthorsOfFungalNa
Phellinus garuhapensis). BRAZIL, Paraná
mes.htm). Colours are according to Munsell
State, Parque Marumbi, leg. A. de Meijer,
Soil Color Charts (1994).
06.II.1993, Nº. 2448, on culm of bamboo,

Guadua sp. (ICN 139046); Rio Grande do Sul
Results
State, São Leopoldo, 1932 (Fungi Rickiani

18570, PACA, lectotype of Poria
Species recorded exclusively on
bambusarum); Santa Maria, Distrito de Boca
bamboos are the following:
do Monte, FEPAGRO, leg. G. Coelho,
Phellinus bambusarum (Rick) M.J. Larsen,
26.III.2003, Nº GC 382-7, on bamboo (ICN
Synopsis Fungorum 3: 40, 1990.
139047); Dom Pedro de Alcântara, Mato da
(Figs 1 and 4)
Cova Funda, leg. G. Coelho et al., 20.V.2005,
≡ Poria bambusarum Rick, Brot. Ser. Cienc. Nat. probably on Merostachys multiramea (ICN
6: 146, 1937 (PACA!).
139048); São Francisco de Paula, Potreiro
≡ Phellinus bambusarum (Rick) M.J. Larsen,
Velho, Pró-Mata, Três Forquilhas trail, leg. G.
Synopsis Fungorum 3: 40, 1990.
= Phellinus garuhapensis J.E. Wright & Coelho et al., 10.VI.2005, on bamboo (ICN
Blumenf., Mycotaxon 21:420, 1984 (BAFC!). 139049); 11.VI.2005, on bamboo (ICN
= Phellinus rickianus J.E. Wright & J.R. 139050); on bamboo (ICN 139051).
Deschamps, Mycotaxon 21: 414, 1984.

Wright and Deschamps (in Wright and Fomitiporia sanctichampagnatii G. Coelho, R.
Blumenfeld 1984) incorrectly assigned the M. Silveira & Rajchenb., sp. nov.
name Phellinus rickianus to specimens from (Figs 2 and 3)

2
Fungal Diversity

Fig. 1. Phellinus bambusarum (drawn from ICN 139050). A. Basidia. B. Cystidioles. C. Basidiospores. D. Generative
hyphae from trama. E. Hymenial setae.

Basidiomata resupinata, ochraceo- Basidiome annual, resupinate, up to 130
brunnea; margine pallidiore, sterile, villoso; mm long, 16 mm wide, and 1 mm thick. Pore
poris rotundis, (2-)3-4(-5) per mm. Systema surface golden-yellow to ferruginous-brown or
hypharum dimiticum hyphis skeletalibus raro cinnamon-brown (6/6-6/8 10YR, 5/4-5/8);
septatis, crassitunicatis, ferrugineis, (2-)2.4- pores round to polygonal, (2-)3-4(-5) per mm,
2.8(-3.6) μm latis; hyphis generatoriis tenui- P = 3.6, n = 64/1; dissepiments velutinous;
m
tunicatis, hyalinis vel pallido-luteis, septatis, margin paler than the pore surface or similar,
(1.6-)1.8-2.8(-3.6) μm latis. Hymenium setis velutinous. Context ferruginous brown (6/6-
ochraceo-ferrugineis vel fusco-nigris, lanceo- 6/8 10YR to 5/4-5/8), homogeneous, 1 mm
latis vel ventricosis, apicibus acuminatis, (12-) thick. Tube layer concolorous with context, up
16.8-32(-40) x (2.4-)4.4-8(-9.2) μm; sporis to 1 mm long.
globosis vel subglobosis, hyalinis vel pallido- Hyphal system dimitic. Subicular
luteis, dextrinoideis, crassitunicatis, (4.4-)5.2- skeletal hyphae interwoven, thick-walled, with
a wide lumen, (2-)2.4-2.8(-3.6) µm diam., D
6.4(-6.8) x (4.4-)4.8-5.8(-6.4) μm. Proxima m
= 2.7, n = 63/1. Subicular generative hyphae
Phellinus bambusarum, sed poris, sporis et
rarely present, thin-walled, simple-septate,
setis magnis distincta.
hyaline to pale yellow in KOH, (1.8-)2-2.8(-
Typus speciei hic designatus: Brasilia
3.6) µm diam., D = 2.3, n = 61/1. Tramal
meridionalis, prov. Rio Grande do Sul, prope m
skeletal hyphae thick-walled, with a wide
São Francisco de Paula, Potreiro Velho in
lumen to subsolid, ferrugineous brown in
Pró-Mata 10.VI.2005 Gilberto Coelho et alii
KOH, (2-)2.4-2.8(-3.6) µm diam., D = 2.6, n
legit, in Herbario ICN conservatur, No. m
= 61/1. Tramal generative hyphae simple-
139044, ad culmo putrido bambusae.
septate, hyaline to pale yellow in KOH,
Etymologia: Nomem speciei in memo-
branched, thin-walled. (1.6-)1.8-2.4(-2.8) µm
riam clarissimi Sancti Marcellini Champag-
diam., D = 2.2, n = 42/1.
natii dedicavi. m
3
Fig. 2. Fomitiporia sanctichampagnatii (drawn from ICN 139044). A. Basidia. B. Cystidioles. C. Basidiospores. D.
Generative hyphae from trama. E. Hymenial setae. F. Skeletal hyphae from subiculum.

Hymenial setae scattered, absent in some 2.58, Q = 1.38, n = 65/1. Basidiospores thick-
m
sections, variable in form, straight to walled, hyaline to pale yellow in KOH,
ventricose, sometimes with a long incurved globose to subglobose, (4.4-)5.2-6.4(-6.8) x
base arising among tramal hyphae, with an (4.4-)4.8-5.8(-6.4) µm, L x W = 5.4 ± 0.38 x
m m
acute apex, ferruginous brown to dark brown 5.17 ± 0.39, Q = 1.00-1.17, Q = 1.05 ± 0.04,
r m
in KOH, (12-)16.8-32(-40) x (2.4-)4.4-8(-9.2) n = 63/1, with a discrete apiculum, dextrinoid,
µm, L x W = 24.3 　± 6.47 x 5.8 ± 1.54, Q cyanophilous. Cystidioles present, ventricose,
m m r
= 1.67-10.00, Q = 4.47 ± 2.03, n = 64/1. thin-walled, (8-)9.6-16(-20) x (2-)2.4-4.4(-5.6)
m
Basidia barrel to club-shaped to globose, 4- µm, L x W = 12.2 x 3.59, Q = 2.18-6.29,
m m r
sterigmate, (8-)8.8-12(-17.6) x (6.5-)7.2-9.2(- Q = 3.43, n = 52/1.
m
11.2) µm, L x W = 11.01 x 8.08, Q = 1.00-
m m r
4
Fungal Diversity

Figs 3-6. Basidiomes of Phellinus s. l. on bamboos. 3. Fomitiporia sanctichampagnatii (ICN 139044). 4. Phellinus
bambusarum (ICN 139050). 5. Fomitiporia spinescens (ICN 139054). 6. Fuscoporia ferrea (ICN 139086). Scale bars =
1 cm.

Substrate: on rotten bamboo. spine processes and the latter differs by its
Materials examined: BRAZIL, Rio Grande do characteristic uncinate setae.
Sul, São Francisco de Paula, Potreiro Velho, Pró-Mata, Some species of Fomitiporia with a
Três Forquilhas trail, leg. G. Coelho et al., 10.VI.2005,
resupinate habit are microscopically similar to
on bamboo (ICN 139044, holotype); 01.VI.2006, on
F. sanctichampagnatii, such as Fomitiporia
bamboo (ICN 139201); on bamboo (ICN 139202); on
bamboo (ICN 139203). sublaevigata (Cleland & Rodway) Y.C. Dai
Remarks: Fomitiporia sanctichampag- and Fomitiporia pseudopunctata (A. David et
natii presents a unique combination of features, al.) Fiasson, however, they both differ by
including: the largest pores (2-5/ mm) from the having perennial basidiomes and different
group; setae somewhat variable in form, from biogeography/ecological requirements (e.g.
subulate to ventricose or straight, but usually substrate specificity). Fomitiporia sublaevi-
they are thicker at the base and taper evenly gata also differs by having smaller pores (5-
towards the tip, (12-)16.8-32(-40) x (2.4-)4.4- 7/mm), larger basidiospores (6.5-7 x 5-6 µm),
8(-9.2) µm; and basidiospores measuring (4.4- and ventricose to subulate setae that are 21-
)5.2-6.4(-6.8) x (4.4-)4.8-5.8(-6.4) µm. 30(-42) x 4.5-8.5 µm (Buchanan and Ryvarden
Fomitiporia sanctichampagnatii (Figs 2 1993). Fomitiporia pseudopunctata (A. David
and 3, Table 1) is similar to Phellinus et al.) Fiasson has larger spores (6.5-7.5 x 5.5-
bambusarum (Figs 1 and 4, Table 1), but the 7 µm), smaller pores (6-8/mm), thicker and
latter differs by its shorter and ventricose setae, ventricose setae (15-28 x 7-10 µm, Ryvarden
smaller basidiospores (4-5 x 3.5-4.5 µm), and and Gilbertson 1994), and so far it is restricted
smaller pores (6-10/mm) – the pores being the to Southern Europe and Eastern Africa
smallest among bambusicolous species of (Decock et al. 2005). Phellinus sonorae (Gilb.)
Fomitiporia. has comparable basidiospores (5.0-5.5 x 4.5–
Two additional species growing on 5.0 μm), but smaller pores (5-7/mm). Its setae
bamboos and presenting medium-sized pores are ventricose with a long and slender apical
(4-6/mm) are Phellinus spinescens J.E. Wright portion (35.0-55.0 x 5.0-8.0 μm), and it is
& G. Coelho (Fig. 5, table 1) and P. uncinatus restricted so far to North America (Gilbertson
Rajchenb. (Table 1); the former is unique by and Ryvarden 1987, Valenzuela and Chacón-
its long ventricose setae with subapical Jiménez 1991).

5
Table 1. Comparison of Fomitiporia species with setae collected on bamboos.

Species P. bambusarum F. sanctichampagnatii F. spinescens F. uncinata
ICN 139050/3/2 ICN 139044 ICN 139054/ 977904 BAFC 24090/298361
Spores, 4-5 x 3.5-4.5 4.5-7 x 4.5-6.5 5.5-7 x 5-6.5 5-6.5 x 4.5-6
µm 3.2-5.2 3/ 5 in diam.2 5.2-8 x 4.8-6.84 5.5-7 x 5-6.51
L x W 4.4 ±0.20 x 4.27 ±0.15 5.4 ±0.38 x 5.17 ±0.39 6.30 ±0.36 x 5.66 ±0.21 5.60 ±0.43 x 5.28
m m
6.18 ±0.38 x 5.37 ±0.314 ±0.44
Q , Q 1.00-1.13, 1.04 1.00-1.17, 1.05; 1.01-1.23, 1.11 1.00-1.25, 1.07
m r
1.03-1.46, 1.164
Setae, µm 11-27x3.6-8.4 12-40 x 2.4-9.2 22-51 x 7-10 13.-30 x 7-15
16-20 x 5-72 25.6- 52 x 4.4-8.84
L x W 18.3 ±3.16 x 6.41 ±1.00 24.3 ± 6.47 x 5.80 ± 1.54 37.8 ±8.40 x 8.40 ±0.86 23.2 ±3.16 x 11.83
m m
37.3 ±6.46 x 6.58 ±1.094 ±1.57

Q , Q 1.90-4.40, 2.90 1.67-10.0, 4.47; 2.54-5.74, 4.51 1.31-3.22, 2.00
m r
3.20-9.00, 5.844
Pores/mm 7-10/6-83/7-82 2-5 4-6/3-74 5-8/4-61
P 7.92 3.62 5.00/ 5.594 6.42
m
1Rajchenberg 1987a, 2Rajchenberg 1987b (holotype), 3Wright and Blumenfeld 1984 (as P. garuhapensis), 4Coelho and
Wright 1996.

Fomitiporia spinescens (J.E. Wright & G. globose, thick-walled, dextrinoid basidio-
Coelho) G. Coelho, Guerrero & Rajchenb., spores (Rajchenberg 1987a).
comb.nov. (Fig. 5) Materials examined: Argentina,
≡ Phellinus spinescens J.E. Wright & G. Coelho, Misiones, Iguazú Nat’l Park, leg. R. Singer &
Mycotaxon 59: 384, 1996 (ICN!, BAFC!). A.P.L. Digilio, 26.II.1949, M-76, on Chusquea
The species was initially described from
(BAFC 24049); Macuco path, leg. D. Job & M.
NE Argentina as an addendum in Larsen and
Rajchenberg, 6.IV.1984, M-3608, on Bambusa
Cobb-Poulle's (1990) monograph on Phellinus,
(BAFC 29836; holotype); leg D. Job,
as Phellinus. spinescens Wright, Mycotaxon
27.IX.1984 (BAFC 30296).
(Inpress), a Latin diagnosis and valid type
Other Phellinus s. l. species that are
designation were missing As the original
recorded on bamboos, but also on other
collection had been lost, the species was
substrates are: Fomitiporia punctata (P. Karst.)
subsequently formally described from
Murrill, Fuscoporia contigua (Pers.: Fr.) G.
Southern Brazil (Coelho and Wright 1996). It
Cunn., F. gilva (Schwein.: Fr.) T. Wagner &
is characterized by ventricose setae with a long,
M. Fisch., F. ferrea (Pers.: Fr.) G. Cunn. (Fig.
spinulated apex, and globose, thick-walled,
6), and F. ferruginosa (Schrad.: Fr.) Murrill.
dextrinoid basidiospores.
All the species of Phellinus s. l. growing on
Materials examined: BRAZIL, Rio Grande do
bamboos were collected in Santa Maria
Sul, SANTA MARIA, Itaara, Parque Pinhal, leg. G.
(Brazil), except Fomitiporia uncinata from
Coelho, 09.IX.1992, Nº GC 29-9, on bamboo (ICN
97790, holotype, BAFC 33581, isotype); 05.X.1992, Nº Argentina and Phellinus bambusinus from
GC 31-5, on bamboo (ICN 97791); Nº GC 31-6, on Viet Nam.
bamboo (ICN 97792); Nº GC 31-9, on bamboo (ICN
97793); 06.IV.1993, Nº GC 38-8, on bamboo (ICN Key to known species of Phellinus s. l.
97794); Nº GC 38-11, on bamboo (ICN 97795);
growing on bamboos
03.VI.1993, Nº GC 42-6, on bamboo (ICN 97796);

03.X.1993, Nº GC 48-3, on bamboo (ICN 97797); Nº
1a. Basidiospores dextrinoid, thick-walled,
GC 48-7, on bamboo (ICN 97798); 12.II.1995, GC 66-1,
on bamboo (ICN 139054). globose.....................................................2
1b. Basidiospores non-dextrinoid, thin-walled,
Fomitiporia uncinata (Rajchenb.) G. Coelho, ellipsoid to cylindrical.............................6
Guerrero & Rajchenb., comb. nov.
≡ Phellinus uncinatus Rajchenb. Mycotaxon 28: 2a. Setae lacking............Fomitiporia punctata
114, 1987 (BAFC!). 2b. Setae present............................................3
Diagnostic characters of this species
from Argentina are its uncinate setae and the 3a. Setae with an uncinate apex.......................
6
Fungal Diversity

..................................Fomitiporia uncinata specimens. Dr. Vitalino Cesca is acknowledged by
3b. Setae with a straight apex........................4 linguistic improvements on Latin diagnosis. MR is a
member of the National Research Council of Argentina

(CONICET). GC is supported by CAPES -PICDT.
4a. Setae with apical spinules, 27-51 x 7-10

µm.........................Fomitiporia spinescens
References
4b. Setae without apical spinules...................5

Boidin, J., Candoussau, F., and Gilles, G. (1986).
5a. Pores 7-10/ mm, basidiospores 4-5 x 3.5- Bambusicolous fungi from the SW of France II.
4.5µm, setae 11-27 x 3.6-8.4 µm, Lm x Saprobic Heterobasidiomycetes, resupinate
Wm = 18.3 x 6.41, basidiome annual to Aphyllophorales and Nidulariales. Transactions
of the Mycological Society of Japan 27:463-471.
perennial................Phellinus bambusarum
Buchanan, P., K., and Ryvarden, L. (1993). Type studies
5b. Pores 2-5/ mm, basidiospores 4.5-7 x 4.5-
in Polyporaceae 24. Species described by Cleland,
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W = 24.3 x 5.8, basidiome annual............ 6: 215-235.
m
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13. The General Secretariat of the Organization of
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and Petrini O. (1996). Bambusicolous fungi
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Mycologia Helvetica 8:11-20.
7b. Pores 7-9/ mm......Fuscoporia ferruginosa
Coelho, G. and Wright, J.E. (1996). Phellinus spinescens

sp. nov. on bamboo from South America.
8a. Basidiospores cylindrical.......................... Mycotaxon 59:383-387.
.......................................Fuscoporia ferrea Coelho, G. (2005). A Brazilian new species of Auriporia.
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Hymenochaetaceae) in East Asia. Acta Botanica
9a. Basidiospores oblong-ellipsoid..................
Fennica 166: 1-115.
.........................................Fuscoporia gilva Decock, C., Bitew, A. and Castillo, G. (2005).
9b. Basidiospores broad-ellipsoid to obovoid.. Fomitiporia tenuis and Fomitiporia aethiopica
.................................Phellinus bambusinus (Basidiomycetes, Hymenochaetales), two
undescribed species from the Ethiopian highlands:

taxonomy and phylogeny. Mycologia 97: 121-129.
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works of Fiasson and Niemelä (1984), Fischer
wood-rotting fungi (Basidiomycetes) II - New
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who segregated this complex from the rest of 175-185.
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American polypores 2. Fungiflora: 437-885.
grounds, we have incorporated some bamboo-
Kirk, P.M. and Ansell, A.E. (1992). Authors of fungal
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