On Our Way to Las V ay to Las V ay to Las Vegas!

24 Pages·2006·0.37 MB·English

Intercambios
Quarterly Newsletter of the Spanish Language Division of the American Translators Association
Volume 10, Issue 1 / March, 2006 / ISSN 1550-2945
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Índice Intercambios
Volume 10, Issue 1 / March 2006
Editorial ......................................................... 3
Intercambios is a publication of the Spanish
Language Division of the American Translators
Association, a non-profit organization dedicated
From My Desk............................................... 4
to promoting the recognition of translating
and interpreting as professions.
El maletín ...................................................... 5 Editor
Mónica E. de León Z.
Curiosidades ................................................. 6 [email protected]
Intercambios’ Editorial Board
Why is the Study of Spanish Pimpi Coggins, Virginia Pérez-Santalla,
Rosalie Wells, Olga Lucía Mutis de Serna.
Regionalisms Important? .............................. 7 Proofreaders
Mati Vargas-Gibson, Claudia Ross, Ana Sofía
Esteves, Yadira Díaz de Cutin, Ana María
Novedades geográficas en el Argandoña, Gabriela Edith Lomonaco, Olga
Lucía Mutis de Serna, Wendy Griswold
Diccionario panhispánico de dudas .............. 9 Contributors to this issue:
Inés Swaney, Leandro Wolfson, Rafael Rivera,
Adriana Rosado-Bonewitz, Aurora Humarán,
What’s in a Word ......................................... 13
Deya Jordá-Nolan, Milly Suazo-Martinez,
Rosalie P. Wells, Juan Domingo Argüelles,
Blanca Rodríguez, Mario Taboada, Andre
Trampitas for Trados ................................... 14
Moskowitz, Matilde Vargas-Gibson
Layout
Pildoritas ..................................................... 15
Raymundo Pedraza
[email protected]
Banderillas .................................................. 19
Submissions:
Readers’ submissions are encouraged.
Your Name on the Cover:
Suggested maximum lengths:
Articles, 1,500 words;
Reviews, 500 words;
The Ins and Outs of Book Translation......... 20
Letters, 300 words.
Submissions become the property of
Las dudas del Diccionario panhispánico..... 23 Intercambios and are subject to editing.
Opinions expressed in this publication are
solely those of the authors.
Anecdolines................................................. 24
Please send all comments,
questions, and other
submissions to:
Intercambios
Mónica E. de León Z.
[email protected]
Distribution:
Intercambios is published on the SPD
web page. Members are notified by e-mail
from ATA Headquarters.
If your postal or e-mail address
has changed, contact:
Maggie Rowe
225 Reinekers Lane, Ste. 590
Alexandria, VA 22314
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[email protected]
2 Intercambios
Editorial
THE SPANISH
LANGUAGE DIVISION
A
llá por 1829, al desviarse en su camino por el desierto rumbo a
Los Angeles, una caravana acampó para pasar la Navidad.
Siempre en busca de agua, de inmediato se organizó un grupo
de exploradores que se dirigió hacia el oeste de su posición.
Uno de los exploradores más experimentados, de nombre Rafael Rivera (me
Administrator:
pregunto si será ancestro de nuestro querido Rafa), se alejó del grupo y se
Milly Suazo-Martinez
adentró en el desierto sin explorar para descubrir los ojos de agua de Las
[email protected]
Vegas.
Se desconoce la fecha en que lo hizo, pero él se convirtió en el primer
Assistant Administrator: hombre blanco que puso pie en este valle que constituía un oasis en medio
Francesca Samuel
del desierto.
[email protected]
Tan importante fue el descubrimiento de los abundantes ojos de agua,
www.alacartetranslations.com
que logró que se acortara y se facilitara el camino a Los Angeles, lo cual a su
vez dio origen a la fiebre del oro en California.
Pero Las Vegas de entonces no guarda ninguna relación con la moderna
Treasurer:
Francesca Samuel ciudad que alberga algunos de los casinos más lujosos y estrafalarios del
[email protected] mundo.
www.alacartetranslations.com La ciudad de Las Vegas tiene sus orígenes en la gran depresión, du-
rante la construcción de la presa Hoover.
El crecimiento de la ciudad se estancó durante la segunda guerra
Secretary
mundial, pero ya las semillas habían sido sembradas por el hotelero Tommy
Mariana Stolee
Hull, quien construyó el Rancho-Vegas Hotel Casino en lo que actualmente
[email protected]
es un lote baldío frente al Sahara Hotel.
El éxito del Rancho-Vegas provocó el rápido desarrollo de la ciudad;
Spanish Division’s Web Page:
el más célebre de los primeros grandes casinos fue el Flamingo Hotel,
www.ata-spd.org
construido por el mafioso Benjamin “Bugsy” Siegel, miembro de la
organización criminal de Meyer Lansky.
Webmaster: Actualmente, Las Vegas es la ciudad de más rápido crecimiento de
Rosalie P. Wells Estados Unidos, con aproximadamente 500 mil habitantes en la ciudad y 1.8
[email protected] millones en el condado de Clark.
Algunos datos interesantes acerca de esta sorprendente ciudad:
♦Tiene más habitaciones de hotel que cualquier otra ciudad del mundo.
Espalista:
♦En Las Vegas se consumen 60,000 libras de camarón diariamente, más
e-mail Q&A, open to all Division members
que en todo el resto del país.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/espalista
♦Se dice que Las Vegas es el sitio más iluminado que se puede ver desde
el espacio.
Moderators:
Ester Cabral
¡Nos vemos allá!
Álvaro Villegas
[email protected] Mónica
Intercambios 3
From my Desk
Milly Suazo-Martinez
Acting Administrator
A
s I am writing this, I am fortunate to have a beautiful view through the window of my of-
fice. Spring is trying to stick out its neck and I can finally enjoy the beautiful purple color
of the crocuses in my garden. I am also reminded that as we approach Spring in the U.S.
and look forward to putting our winter gear back in storage, some of our colleagues are
looking at Fall in the eye and wondering when they will have to use their gloves for the first time. Perfect
balance, isn’t it?
Spring also means the arrival of our (now biannual) 4th Spanish Language Division Conference,
to be held April 28 – 30 at the New York, New York Hotel and Casino Resort in Las Vegas, Nevada. Have
you registered yet?
This year, we are very excited to have the Portuguese Division join forces with us to have a dual-
language event. (This is the 4th conference for us and the 11th for them.) We are also really happy to have
a superb line-up of speakers that will definitely make it worthwhile for you to attend. You can learn and
perfect your TRADOS skills, attend conferences on topics from usage to legal to medical translation and
interpretation, and also network with colleagues from all corners of the country and around the world. We
are also offering the ATA certification exam. Please note that there is a separate registration fee for that,
which must be done in advance to reserve your seat. For details, contact the ATA directly.
If you haven’t done so yet, there is still time to register, come join us and let’s once again have a
successful conference! For more information, visit www.ata-spd.org and click on the conference link.
There is also information in the Portuguese Language Division page.
I would also like to welcome the new members of the SPD. We are glad you are here and hope that
we can play a part in your professional development, be it with resources to help you become a better
translator/interpreter or with opportunities that will enable you to expand your leadership skills. There is
always room for more friends and collaborators!
One last thing, make sure you check out Espalista, our email list service. No other resource com-
pares when it comes to hard to translate terms or concepts or when you just need to have a quick check on
what different countries use for a particular expression. Within minutes you can confirm if what you have
will be acceptable to a particular audience or not.
To subscribe, visit the group at http://espanol.groups.yahoo.com/group/espalista/
¡Los espero en Las Vegas!
Milly Suazo-Martínez
4 Intercambios
El maletín
Glossomaestre (*)
C
omprehensive. Una palabra que todos entendida y usada, por lo que decir, por ejemplo, que una
los traductores conocen muy bien; abunda oferta es “muy comprensiva” muy probablemente cause
en los escritos publicitarios y en la literatura incomprensión en el lector u oyente. Cabe destacar que
empresarial: casi todo lo que se ofrece es el uso de comprensivo en el sentido de abarcar no puede
comprehensive (sí, hasta la carta de sopas de un tildarse de Spanglish (como alguna vez se ha hecho)
restaurante…). Una búsqueda en Google arroja aunque sí de raro y desusado.
1.070.000.000 apariciones. A la hora de traducirla surgen No es posible, por tanto, usar comprensivo;
ciertas dudas, como siempre que una palabra se transforma entonces, ¿a qué apelar? En castellano tenemos completo,
en comodín y pasa de denotar algo a connotar todo y nada. con la salvedad de que no siempre cuadra ni tampoco
Veamos en primer lugar la definición del conviene usar un término indiscriminadamente. En el
diccionario Concise Oxford: ejemplo 1, sí podría decirse que se ofrecen “servicios
Comprehensive 1 adj. including or dealing with completos” o “una completa gama de servicios”. En el
all or nearly all aspects of something; of large content or ejemplo 2, lo que se busca es una solución satisfactoria o
scope. definitiva, o aceptable para las partes, o incluso
equitativa si el contexto general lo justifica. En el Ejemplo
Ejemplos: 3, lo que se quiere decir es que el método es general
1. We offer comprehensive services that encompass (aplicable a todos los casos). Como vemos, existen
every aspect of your financial life. diversas posibilidades eficaces y no hay motivo para
2. What can be done to prepare the ground for fur- reiterar el mismo término. La clave es “desacomodar” el
ther negotiations aiming to find a comprehen- comodín para extraer lo que realmente denota, y no
sive solution to the Cyprus problem? quedarse con la mera connotación, que no suele ser más
3. The short circuit calculator is offered in an effort que la de “bueno, excelente, único, inigualado,
to satisfy the need for a convenient, comprehen- maravilloso, cómprelo, no se lo pierda”, etc.
sive method of calculating three phase distribu-
tion system short circuit fault currents. Breve reseña bibliográfica.
En primer lugar, cabe preguntarnos si el Gramática para estudiantes, Xavier Fages
equivalente comprehensivo (o, con ortografía Gironella. LAERTES Didáctica, Barcelona, 2005. ISBN
simplificada, comprensivo) es aceptable. El DRAE 84-7584-551-7. Precio de venta al público en España:
incluye, como segunda acepción de comprensivo: que 19,50 euros.
comprende (contiene o incluye). Por tanto, disponemos Esta obra magistral, cuyo título inocente no delata
en teoría de un equivalente casi exacto, tanto en su forma su envergadura, es la mejor gramática castellana
como en su significado. El problema, por supuesto, es contemporánea. Con su estilo directo, ameno, objetivo y
que la acepción 1 de comprensivo (que tiene facultad o preciso, el maestro Fages guía al lector en un recorrido
capacidad de comprender) es la más generalmente metódico y riguroso por la sintaxis de la lengua castellana.
Intercambios 5
Cada capítulo va acompañado de ejercicios, a menudo
intrincados, cuyas soluciones aparecen en un anexo al
CCCCCuuuuurrrrriiiiiooooosssssiiiiidddddaaaaadddddeeeeesssss
final del libro. Pese a estar oficialmente destinado a
Deya Jordá
estudiantes de secundaria (!), es un tratado avanzado, tan
desprovisto de prescripciones arbitrarias como dotado de
argumentos lúcidos; por su alcance y por el tratamiento PPPPPaaaaalllllaaaaabbbbbrrrrraaaaasssss dddddeeeeelllll aaaaañññññooooo 22222000000000055555
moderno del temario, sustituye con ventaja a la que hasta
ahora había sido mi gramática favorita: el Manual de
En un artículo a principio del año, en el periódico
gramática española de Rafael Seco. El placer que brinda
local, leía que según el New Oxford American Dic-
la obra sacude inevitablemente el recuerdo del sabio
tionary, Podcast es la palabra del año 2005 (en
catalán, fallecido el año pasado.
Estados Unidos); el Merriam Webster anuncia que
es blog. Por curiosidad me puse a buscar en qué se
El doblaje: la frase.
basan estas “estadísticas” y encontré que se le da esta
categoría a las palabras que han sido de gran
Quienes defienden el doblaje razonarían (tal vez) que
influencia en el año. Me viene a la mente un término
las objeciones que pueden oponérsele pueden
de gran influencia, gripe aviar, pero obviamente no
oponerse, también, a cualquier otro ejemplo de
es tan glamorosa como Podcast.
traducción. Ese argumento, desconoce, o elude, el
defecto central: el arbitr[ar]io injerto de otra voz y
de otro lenguaje. La voz de Hepburn o de Garbo no
es contingente; es, para el mundo, uno de los atributos
Deya Jordá Nolan es graduada en
que las definen… peor que el doblaje, peor que la lingüística y trabaja como traductora y
sustitución que importa el doblaje, es la conciencia revisora por cuenta propia en Seattle,
Washington. Su dirección electrónica es
general de una sustitución, de un engaño.
[email protected]
Jorge Luis Borges (Discusión)
Y con la ironía borgeana nos despedimos hasta
la próxima, deseando a los lectores del hemisferio norte
FFFFFrrrrraaaaassssseeeeesssss fffffaaaaavvvvvooooorrrrriiiiitttttaaaaasssss
una perfecta (comprehensive) descongelación seguida de
una total (comprehensive) relajación. El relajo es virtud, Aurora Humarán
ya se sabe. Y a los del sur, un otoño pleno y multicolor,
un otoño ilusionante como los de antes.
El traductor no es un mal necesario que se interpone
entre el texto y la ignorancia del lector. Es otra voz que
* Glossomaestre es Mario Taboada,
matemático, escritor y traductor gallego dice con la libertad que le permite el texto lo que ha
afincado en la provincia andaluza de Cádiz expresado la voz del autor. Se instala dentro de la palabra
y en la comunidad de Virginia. Como
para decir la palabra.
traductor, se especializa en publicidad y
finanzas. Sugerencias y consultas:
[email protected]. Alicia María Zorrilla
6 Intercambios
Why is the study of Spanish regionalisms important1?
By Andre Moskowitz
Y
ou may be wondering why you should nicative function within their respective speech commu-
bother learning Spanish regionalisms in the nities. Some prescriptivists and/or normativistas would
first place. After all, what is so important probably dismiss many of these terms. Lexical dialec-
about learning provincialisms that, if used, tologists and other regionalism enthusiasts, however, are
could make you sound like a boorish local yokel? It is often more intrigued by the use of a term like Central
certainly true that using language inappropriately, whether America’s almágana or Peru’s comba than by the term
General Spanish anywhere, or a regional variety in the mazo that is used in the sense of sledgehammer in so many
wrong locale, can make one look foolish or worse and countries, and they might consider mazo to be standard,
that increasing one’s General Spanish vocabulary is ex- everyday vanilla-flavor usage, and view almágana and
tremely important. Indeed, as students or scholars of the comba as exotic spices, breaths of fresh air that take us
Spanish language —I view the latter as merely more pas- away from the routine and the mundane. Indeed, there
sionate versions of the former— some would say it is our are those who revel in almágana and comba as much as
duty to continually expand our knowledge of General others might reject them, though both reactions are really
Spanish vocabulary. But because Spanish is an interna- opposite sides of the same phenomenon, that is, almágana
tional language (perhaps the second most international and comba are only as extraordinary as mazo is ordinary,
language on the planet after English, although French may and mazo can only be held up as more or less “neutral
be able to claim this honor), to increase our command of Spanish” usage due to the existence of more regionally
General Spanish in its broadest and most general con- marked ones. The regional and the general are but reflec-
text, we must learn something about the regional variet- tions of each other.
ies of which it is composed. Thus, to understand General Oftentimes regionalisms are not used in place of
Spanish, we need to know what is general and what is but in addition to General Spanish terms and, therefore,
regional and, to do so, we must learn something about one can argue that the existence of regionalisms in a par-
the regionalisms themselves: what they are, where they ticular country should be viewed as a sign of linguistic
are used, and what they mean to those who use them. To enrichment, dexterity and even virtuosity rather than im-
some extent, understanding Spanish regionalisms means poverishment. Since some Spanish speakers have both
having an international perspective on the language or, General Spanish destornillador (‘screwdriver’) and a re-
looked at from the opposite direction, even to scratch the gionalism such as desarmador and/or desatornillador in
surface of international Spanish requires us to learn as- their lexical repertoire and at their linguistic disposal, this
pects of regional Spanish. Without one, we cannot fully view holds that their Spanish is lexically richer and more
understand the other. diverse with respect to this item than that of speakers who
All words are not created equal, but many de- use only one term.
scriptive linguists would say that the names for an item When Anglicisms are involved in this diversity
like the sledgehammer (such as almágana, comba, combo, or plurality, however, attitudes among educated Spanish
mandarria, maza, mazo, marro, etc.) can be considered speakers are often negative. Thus the use of guacha in
equivalent to the extent that they serve the same commu- the sense of arandela (‘washer’) is frowned upon, and
Intercambios 7
the lexical diversity of Spanish speakers who use both nicative competence in the topics addressed in this ar-
terms is not seen as enrichment but as linguistic impover- ticle, then apart from knowing the most widespread, neu-
ishment or corruption since the introduction of Anglicisms tral or General Spanish term for an item, such as
into the Spanish language is generally given the pejora- destornillador, mazo and arandela for screwdriver, sledge-
tive label of “Spanglish” and, in some circles, is also hammer and washer, respectively, the most important
viewed as yet another manifestation of Anglo and North terms/usages to learn are the “majority regionalisms”
American attempts at imperialism and cultural domina- (those offered by 50% or more of respondents from a given
tion. Spanish speakers also desire linguistic purity when country), words like desarmador, almágana, comba,
they make statements such as “Spanish has arandela; we guacha and rondana. We could also call these regional-
have no need for the Anglicism guacha.” If you point out isms “mainstream regionalisms” since they are names that
the fact that arandela comes from French rondelle (see are used by a majority of persons in a given speech com-
definition of the former in the Diccionario de la Real munity but are regional when Spanish is viewed from an
Academia Española), this may not change their opinion international perspective. In other words, you cannot con-
in the least as they will still feel that their language has sider yourself communicatively competent in El Salva-
been violated by a word like guacha, but not by arandela. dor with respect to sledgehammers if you do not know
Several reasons may explain this. Both English washer that almágana is the most effective term to use when
and French rondelle have been adapted to Spanish pho- speaking to Salvadorans about this tool.
nology, but arandela probably entered the language long Looking at the issue in the opposite direction,
before guacha and more Spanish speakers recognize the terms such as almágana and guacha also serve as lin-
foreign origin of guistic landmarks
the Anglicism or beacons that
guacha than that ...the existence of regionalisms in a particular give listeners
of the Gallicism clues as to the ori-
country should be viewed as a sign of
arandela (which gin of the people
linguistic enrichment, dexterity and even
in the process of they hear speak. If
virtuosity rather than impoverishment.
Hispanization you hear someone
added two more say almágana
syllables to its when referring to
French etymon). More importantly, France is no longer a a sledgehammer, or guacha when referring to a washer,
world power and the number of Anglicisms entering the you can already guess, with a fairly high degree of accu-
Spanish language each year is much higher than the num- racy, the set of Spanish-speaking countries that person
ber of Gallicisms. Anglicisms are viewed with both fas- most likely comes from and eliminate a host of others.
cination and alarm, whereas Gallicisms are a mere curi- The larger the number of common regional equivalences
osity. The use of foreign loan words in certain regions of you are familiar with, the more likely you will be able to
the Spanish-speaking world raises the question as to why pick out a person’s origin within a few minutes of listen-
they were introduced (or summoned and actively re- ing to him or her based on word choice alone. Develop-
cruited) there, and why words that are deemed more ing expertise in phonetics and phonology is another way
castizo have been partially discarded, or were never cre- to deduce a speaker’s region of origin although, to some
ated in the first place. extent, the more educated the speaker is, the less regional
If your interest as a reader is to develop commu- will be some of his or her linguistic traits in the case of
8 Intercambios
both lexis and phonology. The beauty of words is that Note
anyone can learn them, whereas to acquire an understand- 1This essay is a version of an excerpt (pp. 308-310) of “Topics
ing of Spanish phonetics and phonology requires some in Spanish lexical dialectology: time to retool” in Proceedings
technical training. The key to learning about regional of the 46th Annual Conference of the American Translators
variation of any type is being a good listener and gaining Association, November 9-12, 2005. Seattle, Washington, USA.
exposure to different varieties of the language. American Translators Association: 295-417.
Mainstream regionalisms like combo or guacha
Reference
are terms that may be criticized or ridiculed but are not
Real Academia Española. 2001. Diccionario de la Lengua
easily ignored or denied within the context of their lo-
Española. (DRAE) 22nd edition. Madrid, Spain: Editorial Espa-
cale. To do so would be the linguistic equivalent of deny-
sa-Calpe, S.A.
ing the existence of Blacks in the Dominican Republic or
Indians in Bolivia, or disregarding the contributions of
Andre Moskowitz is a Hispanist, lexicographer, dialec-
non-European cultures to Dominican or Bolivian national tologist, Spanish-into-English and Portuguese-into-En-
glish translator, and a Spanish/English interpreter who
culture. This does not mean such attempts at negation do has published extensively in the areas of Spanish lexical
dialectology and Spanish lexicography. He is an ATA-
not take place (with race, ethnicity, or language), but they
certified translator (P>E and S<>E), and a Spanish-lan-
are cases of sticking one’s head in the sand or trying to guage interpreter certified by the US Federal Courts and
the California State Courts who can be reached at
block out the sun with one finger. [email protected]
Novedades geográficas en el Diccionario
panhispánico de dudas1
Leandro Wolfson
L
a reciente aparición del Diccionario propia RAE tenía por palabra oficial hasta hace apenas
panhispánico de dudas (DPD), cuya seis años.
autoría comparten la Real Academia Nos referimos al apéndice que dedica el DPD a
Española (RAE) y la Asociación de la “Lista de países y capitales con sus gentilicios” (págs.
Academias de la Lengua Española, publicado por la edi- 743-755), por comparación con el apéndice similar de la
torial Santillana con el patrocinio de la empresa Ortografía de la Lengua Española (págs. 119-131),
Telefónica, ha sido sin duda un acontecimiento importante publicada por la RAE en 1999. Como decimos, hay unas
para el mundo hispanohablante. No nos detendremos aquí cuantas diferencias, y por la habitualidad e importancia
en una evaluación exhaustiva de esta nueva obra de de estos particulares vocablos, parece útil detenerse a
consulta, sus excelencias y falencias; dejaremos esta tarea examinarlas.
para una próxima oportunidad. Queremos, sí, destacar uno En el cuadro siguiente consignamos dichas
de los aspectos de este fundamental diccionario en el que diferencias y a continuación haremos algunos
muestra abundantes novedades respecto de lo que la comentarios.
Intercambios 9
Países y capitales en el Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (DPD)
y en la Ortografía de la RAE
DPD Descripción Ortografía
(2005) (1999)
Abu Dabi * Capital de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos Abu Dhabi
Abuya * Capital de Nigeria Abuja
Adís Abeba * Capital de Etiopía Addis Abeba
Ámsterdam * Capital de los Países Bajos Amsterdam
Asjabad * Capital de Turkmenistán Achkabad
Bangladés * País de Asia Bangladesh
Belmopán * Capital de Belice Belmopan
Biskek * Capital de Kirguistán Bishkek
Bogotá * (El DPD remite a Santafé de Bogotá) —
Buyumbura * Capital de Burundi Bujumbura
Camberra Capital de Australia Canberra
Chisinau * Capital de Moldavia Kishinev
Dili Capital de Timor Oriental —
Dushanbe * Capital de Tayikistán Dushambé
Fongafale Capital de Tuvalu Funafuti
Guinea (la) País de África Guinea
Hanói * Capital de Vietnam Hanoi
Kazajistán * País de Asia Kazajstán
Lesoto * País de África Lesotho
Lilongüe * Capital de Malaui Lilongwe
Malawi * País de África Malawi
Maldivas (las) País de Asia Maldivas
Mali o Malí * País de África Malí
Nuku’alofa Capital de Tonga Nukúalofa
Palaos * País de Oceanía Paláu
Palikir Capital de Micronesia Kolonia
Pekín * Capital de China Pekín o Pequín
Puerto Rico Estado libre asociado a EE.UU. —
Rodesia * País de África Rhodesia
Saná * Capital de Yemen Sanaa
San Juan Capital de Puerto Rico —
Serbia * y Montenegro País de Europa —
Skopie * Capital de Macedonia Skoplie
Sucre Capital de Bolivia La Paz
Taskent * Capital de Uzbekistán Tashkent
Timor Oriental * País de Asia —
Ulán Bator * Capital de Mongolia Ulan Bator
Uruguay (el) País de América Uruguay
Vientián * Capital de Laos Vientiane
Yamusukro * Capital de Costa de Marfil Abiyán
* Los términos con asterisco son tratados en el cuerpo principal del diccionario.
10 Intercambios