On Latin Adverbs (Amsterdam University Press - Amsterdam Archaeological Studies)

208 Pages·2006·9.11 MB·English

by  Harm Pinkster

AUP /Pallas Latin 02-09-2005 09:28 Pagina 1
Harm Pinkster is professor emeritus of Latin (University of Amsterdam). He H
taught as a visiting professor in the universities of Bologna, Pavia, Venice, a
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Aix-en-Provence, Oxford, and Chicago. He is the founder of the biannual

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international colloquia on Latin linguistics.
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His best known linguistic work is his Latin Syntax and Semantics, originally k
s Harm Pinkster
published in Dutch (1984), and then translated (and revised) into German t
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(1988), English (1990), Italian (1990), and Spanish (1995). He is currently
preparing a two volume Oxford Latin Syntax. O
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On Latin Adverbs
‘On Latin Adverbs was praised for its systematic and lucid application of a
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clear and well-defined concepts to a notoriously difficult chapter of Latin in

grammar.’ latomus 38 (1979), 314. A
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Amsterdam Academic Archive 3 a
Amsterdam Academic Archive
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on latin adverbs
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The Amsterdam Academic Archive is an initiative of Amsterdam University Press.
The series consists of scholarly titles which were no longer available, but which
are still in demand in the Netherlands and abroad. Relevant sections of these
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Harm Pinkster
On Latin Adverbs
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Amsterdam Academic Archive
voorwerk aup Latin 01-10-2005 15:20 Pagina 4
On Latin Adverbs(isbn0 7204 6186 3) by Harm Pinkster was first published
in 1972 by the North-Holland Publishing Company of Amsterdam.
It was published at the time as Volume 6 in the North-Holland Linguistic Series
(isbn07204 6180 4), series editors S. C. Dik and J. G. Kooij.
Cover design: René Staelenberg, Amsterdam
isbn90 5356 843 3
nur616
© Amsterdam University Press • Amsterdam Academic Archive, 2005
All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above,
no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means
(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise)
without the written permission of both the copyright owner
and the author of the book.
voorwerk aup Latin 01-10-2005 15:20 Pagina 5
preface to this edition
On Latin Adverbswas originally published in 1972. This is an unchanged reprint. Certain
topics have continued to interest me, notably the hierarchical structure of sentences
and the positions in that hierarchy where adverbs can be found, as well as coordina-
tion. I refer those interested in my later writings on these topics to: Harm Pinkster
‘Attitudinal and illocutionary satellites in Latin’, in: Words in Their Places, ed. by H. Aert-
sen et al., Amsterdam, Free University 2004, pp. 191-198; Harm Pinkster ‘La coordina-
tion’, L’information grammaticale46 (1990), pp. 8-13. Much of the book was used for my
Latin Syntax and Semantics(see: http://cybergreek.uchicago.edu/lss/) and will be used in
my forthcoming Latin Syntax.
Amsterdam, July 2005
Harm Pinkster

PREFACE
This book was submitted as a doctoral thesis to the Faculty of Arts of the
University of Amsterdam under the supervision of Prof. S.C. Dik and Prof.
A.D. Leeman. It owes much to the interest and criticism of a number of
friends both in the Institute of Classical Philology and in -the Institute of
General Linguistics.
Prof. Leeman stimulated the work on this thesis by his continuous
interest in both my personal and my working circumstances and greatly
contributed to style and content.
Prof. Dik left no paragraph unchanged by his merciless criticism and has
made it permanently impossible for me to repay to him what he has done
for me in this and former studies.
Prof. Ruijgh did not confine himself to advising the Faculty on this book
- actually, that would have been rather hard to imagine - but made many
pertinent remarks.
Mrs. A.M. Pool-Bolkestein's critical remarks are almost the size of a book
themselves. Miss E. Vester and Drs. A. Rijksbaron, too, expressed their scep
ticism abundantly. They all spent many hours in discussing problematic
sections with me. Drs. J. J. L. Smolenaars proved not to be the layman in
linguistics he would make me believe he is. Mr. N.S.H. Smith endeavoured
to make the language this study is written in at least look like English.
A number of assistants in the Institute of Classical Philology as well as
Mrs. A.M. Pool-Bolkestein, Miss E. Vester, Drs. A. Rijksbaron and Drs.
J. J. L. Smolenaars helped in reading the proofs and so did my wife. She has
for several years bravely endured the fate of being married to someone
writing a thesis. More than to anyone lowe her a debt of gratitude and an
apology.
H. PINKSTER
VII

CONTENTS
Preface VII
Introduction
1. Intention
2. Survey of the content
3. General framework and terminology 4
1. General problems of studying a dead language 9
1.1. Problems of the use of a closed corpus 9
1.1.1. Productivity 9
1.1. 2. Grammaticality 10
1.1.3. Adequateness of the corpus 13
1.2. Choice of material 13
1.3. Universals and related problems 14
2. Problems of classification 17
2.1. Purposes of classification 17
2.2. Types of criteria 18
2.2.1. Phonology 19
2.2.2. Morphology 19
2.2.3. Syntax 22
2.2.4. Semantics 23
2.3. Classes of words, word-classes and parts of speech 25
2.3.1. Multi4evel-classification and rank of levels 25
2.3.2. Correspondence of levels 27
2.4. Rank and number of criteria. Overlapping classes 30
2.5. Ontological, psychological and notional definition of word-class 32
2.6. Conclusion 32
3. Adverbs in Roman grammatical theory 35
3.1. General properties of adverbs 36
3.1.1. Syntax 36
IX