On Complicity and Compromise PDF
Preview On Complicity and Compromise
On Complicity and Compromise This page intentionally left blank On Complicity and Compromise Dr Chiara Lepora and Robert E. Goodin 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries #ChiaraLeporaandRobertE.Goodin2013 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2013 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable ISBN 978–0–19–967790–0 PrintedinGreatBritainbythe MPGPrintgroup,UK LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. Contents Preface vi Reader’sGuideforHumanitarianActors viii Abbreviations x 1. Introduction:AMessyMoralLandscape 1 2. CompromiseasaTemplate 17 3. ComplicityanditsConceptualCousins 31 4. GradingEngagementwithWrongdoing:DimensionsofDifference 59 5. ResponsibilityforComplicity:AMinimumThreshold 78 6. AssessingActsofComplicity:AGeneralFramework 97 7. OrganizationalComplicity:RwandanRefugeeCamps 130 8. IndividualComplicity:TheTorturedPatient 150 (ChiaraLeporaandJosephMillum) 9. Conclusion:ComplicityisasComplicityDoes 170 Index 173 Preface Chiara Lepora is a physician who lives these problems vividly firsthand, workingwithMédecinsSansFrontièresinvarioushumanitarianemergencies acrossAfrica,theMiddleEast,andbeyond.BobGoodinisapoliticalphiloso- pheraccustomedtowritingaboutsuchissuesintheabstractandfromasafe distance. We came together in 2009/2010 as visiting fellows in the Depart- mentofBioethicsintheClinicalCenteroftheNationalInstitutesofHealth. Despite our very different backgrounds, we found that our thoughts and styles meshed remarkably well and we began writing together. This book is the product of the collaboration begun then and continued long-distance since. We say only half-jokingly that our greatest debt is to Skype. We would however be remiss not also to acknowledge the support of many others: for both of us, the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; for Chiara Lepora, the Global Health Affairs Program of the Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver and, latterly, Médecins Sans Frontières; for Bob Goodin, the School of Philosophy at AustralianNationalUniversityand,latterly,theDepartmentofGovernment at the University of Essex. The views expressed are our own and do not represent the opinions or policies of the National Institutes of Health, the US DepartmentofHealth andHuman Services,Médecins Sans Frontières,or anyoftheuniversitieswithwhichweareorhavebeenassociated. Wearealsogratefulforcommentsononeormoreofthesechaptersfrom: Christian Barry, Geoff Brennan, Cheshire Calhoun, Ben Chan, Tony Con- nolly, Marion Danis, Keith Dowding, Dave Estlund, Michael Garnett, John Gillies, ChristineGrady, RobJubb, BettinaKoch, Chris Kutz, Holly Lawford- Smith, Larry May, Doug MacLean, Joe Millum, Daniel Nolan, Collin O’Neil, Avia Pasternak, Carole Pateman, Jon Quong, Annette Rid, Nic Southwood, Rob Sparrow, Laura Valentini, Alan Wertheimer, Susan Wolf, Lea Ypi, and various anonymous referees. Obviously, any errors of fact, interpretation, or argumentthatremainareoursalone. Two of these chapters have been published previously. We are grateful to thosejournals’editorsandrefereesfortheirassistance,andtotheirpublishers forpermissiontoreusethosematerialshere: Preface ChiaraLeporaandRobertE.Goodin,‘GradingcomplicityinRwandanrefugeecamps’, JournalofAppliedPhilosophy,28(3:Aug.2011),261–76. ChiaraLeporaandJosephMillum,‘Thetorturedpatient:amedicaldilemma’,Hastings CenterReport,41(3:May–June2011),38–47. WearegratefultoJoeMillumforpermissiontoreusethatarticlehere. vii ’ Reader s Guide for Humanitarian Actors Wehopethisbookwillbeofassistanceinthefieldaswellasinthelibraryand theclassroom.Thosewhoseinterestsaremorehumanitarianthanphilosoph- icalmightwanttoconcentrateonthefollowingmaterialinthisorder: 9. Conclusion:ComplicityisasComplicityDoes(entirechapter) 8. IndividualComplicity:TheTorturedPatient(entirechapter) 7. OrganizationalComplicity:RwandanRefugeeCamps(entirechapter) 1. Introduction:AMessyMoralLandscape(entirechapter) 6. AssessingActsofComplicity:AGeneralFramework(Sections6.2,6.3,and6.5) 3. ComplicityanditsConceptualCousins(Sections3.1,3.2.2‘ComplicitySimpliciter’, and3.3) 2. CompromiseasaTemplate(Sections2.1,2.3,2.4,and2.5) 4. GradingEngagementwithWrongdoing:DimensionsofDifference(Table4.1,for reference) 5. ResponsibilityforComplicity:AMinimumThreshold(Sections5.1,5.3,5.4, and5.5) I am responsible for what I do, and you are responsible for what youdo.ButonanycredibleviewIneedtogiveattention,inwhat I do, to what you will do in consequence. And you need to give attention,inwhatyoudo,towhatIwilldoinconsequence.Inthat sense, there are two parts of morality. There is what I should do simpliciter,andthenthereiswhatIshoulddobywayofcontribu- tiontowhatyoudo.1 1 J.Gardner,‘Complicityandcausality’,CriminalLawandPhilosophy,1(2007),127–41.
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