Table Of Content

$3.50 [j1 Ashley Montagu Author of The Humanization of Man, The Natural Siiperiority of Women, and Man's Most Dangefbus Myth: The Fallacy bf Race Being Human “It could well, and certainly should, become the most influential book of this century.” —Library Journal On Being Human Other Books by Ashley Montagu THE HXJMAN REVOLUTION THE HUMANIZATION OF MAN MAN IN PROCESS HUMAN HEREDITY THE CULTURED MAN man: ms first million years COMING INTO BEING AMONG THE AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES EDWARD TYSON, M.D., F.R.S. (1650-1708): AND THE RISE OF HUMAN AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY IN ENGLAND man’s most DANGEROUS MYTH: THE FALLACY OF RACE STATEMENT ON RACE THE DIRECTION OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THE NATURAL SUPERIORITY OF WOMEN THE REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEMALE THE BIOSOCIAL NATURE OF MAN DARWIN, COMPETITION AND COOPERATION ON BEING INTELLIGENT IMMORTALITY EDUCATION AND HUMAN RELATIONS ANTHROPOLOGY AND HUMAN NATURE INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY HANDBOOK OF ANTHROPOMETRY PRENATAL INFLUENCES UP THE IVY RACE, SCIENCE, AND HUMANITY LIFE BEFORE BIRTH THE SCIENCE OF MAN THE IDEA OF RACE man’s EVOLUTION (wiTH C. L. BRACE) THE DOLPmN IN mSTORY (wiTH JOHN LILLY) ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 2 VOLS. (wiTH E. STEEN) Editor STUDIES AND ESSAYS IN THE mSTORY OF SCIENCE AND LEARNING TOYNBEE AND mSTORY THE MEANING OF LOVE GENETIC MECHANISMS IN HUMAN DISEASE INTERNATIONAL PICTORIAL TREASURY OF KNOWLEDGE ATLAS OF HUMAN ANATOMY CULTURE AND THE EVOLUTION OF MAN the CONCEPT OF RACE THE HUMAN DIALOGUE (hTTH FLOYD MATSON) On Being Human by Ashley Montagu HAWTHORN BOOKS A division of Elsevier-Dutton New York To Warder C. Alice and Pitirim A. Sorokin Inspiring Students of Social Life ON BEING HUMAN Copyright © 1966, 1950, by Ashley Montagu. Copyright under Inter¬ national and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. All rights re¬ served, including the right to reproduce this book, or any portions thereof in any form, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. All inquiries should be addressed to Elsevier-Dutton, 2 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016. This book was manufactured in the United States of America and published simultaneously in Canada by Prentice-Hall of Canada, Limited, 1870 Birchmount Road, Scar¬ borough, Ontario. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 66-23178 ISBN: hardbound edition, 0-8015-5508-6 paperback edition, 0-8015-5514-0 SECOND EDITION 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are due to the following publishers for permis¬ sion to quote from the books published by them; Appleton-Century Company; R. M. and H. Bakwin, Psychologic Care During Infancy and Childhood. Columbia University Press; Margaret Ribble, The Rights of Infants. Farrar and Rinehart; Erich Fromm, Escape from Free¬ dom. Harcourt, Brace and Company; E. M. Forster, Abinger Harvest. Harcourt, Brace and Company; W. M. Wheeler, The Social Life of Insects. Harper and Brothers; T. H. and J. Huxley, Touchstone for Ethics. The Macmillan Company; John E. Boodin, The Social Mind. The Macmillan Company: Charles Sherrington, Man and His Nature. W. W. Norton: W. C. Allee, The Social Life of Animals. G. P. Putnam’s Sons: A. Adler, Social Interest: A Chal¬ lenge to Mankind. Charles Scribner’s Sons: Charles H. Cooley, The Social Process. 5 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION On Being Human was first published in 1950, and went through several printings. It has for some years been out of print, except in India. In making this new edition available I have sought to bring the work up to date and to strengthen the argument where some of my critics found it weak. I am greatly indebted to the many readers who gave me the benefits of their reflections upon what I had ^vritten. I have done my best to make use of them in the present edition. Princeton, New Jersey Ashley Montagu September 15, 1966 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 5 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 6 Part I WHAT IS THE NATURE OF LIFE? INTRODUCTION 11 1. “The Survival of the Fittest” 15 2. The Social Appetite 27 3. Aggregation versus Isolation 37 Part II WHAT IS THE NATURE OF HUMAN NATURE? 4. The Basic Needs of Man 49 5. The First Step 53 6. No Man Is an Island 68 7. “I” versus “You” 82 8. The Need to Love 93 9. Fission versus Fusion 96 Part III THE IMPROVEMENT OF HUMAN RELATIONS THROUGH EDUCATION 10. The Fourth R 105 FURTHER READING 122 INDEX 125 7 V V ^ ^ . - ■ J . ■ '^T , * r<‘'V .! ■ ^'■■' ■ *' 4 i' '* ♦ ‘:i / » -^* ' <1 , '/ .*;^.... ,-4r-- • ”‘ '■ •-. • a-' * " .-'iy'As'‘. ti •:; i ft* ^»>‘s - 'Jij' <• I uj.‘M i?y?^T •/»>' ^ ' 'tw?^'t ^,.„ d Y'i ^ «) v mi '-* '■'>'»■ - f t -■^!..'»J^ '.. •a. ^ J*. ‘t '^. -A-fc -■• i *' ^ ^ « A ■•■‘J • '4t / 1 ‘j p^ -'' - A