Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease

326 Pages·2016·7.5 MB·English

Journal of
Clinical Medicine
Omega-3 Fatty
Acids in Health
and Disease
Edited by
Lindsay Brown, Bernhard Rauch and Hemant Poudyal
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in
Journal of Clinical Medicine
www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm
Lindsay Brown, Bernhard Rauch and
Hemant Poudyal (Eds.)

Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Health
and Disease
This book is a reprint of the Special Issue that appeared in the online, open access
journal, Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383) from 2015–2016, available at:
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/special_issues/omega-3-fatty-acids

Guest Editors
Lindsay Brown
University of Southern Queensland
Australia

Bernhard Rauch
Institut für Herzinfarktforschung
Germany

Hemant Poudyal
Kyoto University
Japan

Editorial Office Publisher Managing Editor
MDPI AG Shu-Kun Lin Allen Duan
St. Alban-Anlage 66
Basel, Switzerland

1. Edition 2016

MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade

ISBN 978-3-03842-272-3 (Hbk)
ISBN 978-3-03842-273-0 (PDF)

Articles in this volume are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution license (CC BY), which allows users to download, copy and build upon
published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are
properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our
publications. The book taken as a whole is © 2016 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, distributed
under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC BY-NC-ND)
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Table of Contents

List of Contributors ......................................................................................................... VII
About the Guest Editors ................................................................................................... XI
Chapter 1: Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer
Donatella D’Eliseo and Francesca Velotti
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity: Implications for Multi-
Targeted Cancer Therapy
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5(2), 15
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/5/2/15 .......................................................................... 3
Georgia Lenihan-Geels, Karen S. Bishop and Lynnette R. Ferguson
Cancer Risk and Eicosanoid Production: Interaction between the Protective Effect
of Long Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Genotype
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5(2), 25
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/5/2/25 ........................................................................ 43
Mandi M. Hopkins, Zhihong Zhang, Ze Liu and Kathryn E. Meier
Eicosopentaneoic Acid and Other Free Fatty Acid Receptor Agonists Inhibit
Lysophosphatidic Acid- and Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced Proliferation of
Human Breast Cancer Cells
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5(2), 16
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/5/2/16 ........................................................................ 59
Homer S. Black and Lesley E. Rhodes
Potential Benefits of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5(2), 23
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/5/2/23 ........................................................................ 79

III
Chapter 2: Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Psychiatric Disorders
Paola Bozzatello, Elena Brignolo, Elisa De Grandi and Silvio Bellino
Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of
Literature Data
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5(8), 67
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/5/8/67 ........................................................................ 95
Gregor Berger
Comments on Bozzatello et al. Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in
Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Literature Data. J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5, 67
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5(8), 69
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/5/8/69 ...................................................................... 132
Chapter 3: New Aspects in Nutrition
Stanislaw Klek
Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Modern Parenteral Nutrition: A Review of the
Current Evidence
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5(3), 34
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/5/3/34 ...................................................................... 151
Alicia I. Leikin-Frenkel
Is there A Role for Alpha-Linolenic Acid in the Fetal Programming of Health?
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5(4), 40
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/5/4/40 ...................................................................... 174
Michael E. R. Dugan, Payam Vahmani, Tyler D. Turner, Cletos Mapiye,
Manuel Juárez, Nuria Prieto, Angela D. Beaulieu, Ruurd T. Zijlstra,
John F. Patience and Jennifer L. Aalhus
Pork as a Source of Omega-3 (n-3) Fatty Acids
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2015, 4(12), 1999–2011
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/4/12/1956 ................................................................ 189

IV
Agustina Creus, María R. Ferreira, María E. Oliva and Yolanda B. Lombardo
Mechanisms Involved in the Improvement of Lipotoxicity and Impaired Lipid
Metabolism by Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Rich Salvia hispanica L (Salba) Seed in the
Heart of Dyslipemic Insulin-Resistant Rats
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5(2), 18
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/5/2/18 ...................................................................... 207
Chapter 4: Basic Research
Francesco Visioli
Lipidomics to Assess Omega 3 Bioactivity
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2015, 4(9), 1753–1760
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/4/9/1753 .................................................................. 231
Jennifer L. Watts
Using Caenorhabditis elegans to Uncover Conserved Functions of Omega-3 and
Omega-6 Fatty Acids
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5(2), 19
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/5/2/19 ...................................................................... 240
Grace G. Abdukeyum, Alice J. Owen, Theresa A. Larkin and Peter L. McLennan
Up-Regulation of Mitochondrial Antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase Underpins
Persistent Cardiac Nutritional-Preconditioning by Long Chain n-3
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Rat
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5(3), 32
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/5/3/32 ...................................................................... 258
Marijana Todorčević and Leanne Hodson
The Effect of Marine Derived n-3 Fatty Acids on Adipose Tissue Metabolism
and Function
Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5(1), 3
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/5/1/3 ........................................................................ 276

V

List of Contributors

Jennifer L. Aalhus Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre,
Lacombe T4L 1W1, AB, Canada.
Grace G. Abdukeyum Division of Medical and Exercise Science, School of
Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong,
Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.
Angela D. Beaulieu Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon S7H 3J8, SK, Canada.
Silvio Bellino Centre for Personality Disorders, Department of Neuroscience,
University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Gregor Berger Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Outpatient Clinics and Specialized Care, Emergency Services,
University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Neumünsterallee 3, P.O. Box 1482,
8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
Karen S. Bishop Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of
Auckland; Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Homer S. Black Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Paola Bozzatello Centre for Personality Disorders, Department of Neuroscience,
University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Elena Brignolo Centre for Personality Disorders, Department of Neuroscience,
University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Agustina Creus Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry,
University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242,
(3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
Donatella D’Eliseo Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB),
La Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; Department of
Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti,
Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Elisa De Grandi Centre for Personality Disorders, Department of Neuroscience,
University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Michael E. R. Dugan Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research
Centre, Lacombe T4L 1W1, AB, Canada.
Lynnette R. Ferguson Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of
Auckland; Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
VII
María R. Ferreira Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry,
University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242,
(3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
Leanne Hodson Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK.
Mandi M. Hopkins Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy,
Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99163, USA.
Manuel Juárez Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre,
Lacombe T4L 1W1, AB, Canada.
Stanislaw Klek Stanley Dudrick’s Memorial Hospital, General Surgery Unit,
Skawina 32-050, Poland.
Theresa A. Larkin Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, Graduate School
of Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health,
University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.
Alicia I. Leikin-Frenkel Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba, Tel Hashomer,
Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University,
Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
Georgia Lenihan-Geels Wageningen University and Research Centre,
6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Ze Liu Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy,
Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99163, USA.
Yolanda B. Lombardo Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry,
University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242,
(3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
Cletos Mapiye Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
Peter L. McLennan Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, Graduate School
of Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health,
University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.
Kathryn E. Meier Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy,
Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99163, USA.
María E. Oliva Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of
Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
VIII
Alice J. Owen Centre of Cardiovascular Research & Education in Therapeutics,
School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University,
Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia.
John F. Patience Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames,
IA 50011-3150, USA.
Nuria Prieto Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre,
Lacombe T4L 1W1, AB, Canada.
Lesley E. Rhodes Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, University of
Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester M6 8HD, UK.
Marijana Todorčević Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK.
Tyler D. Turner Josera GmbH & Co. KG, Kleinheubach 63924, Germany.
Payam Vahmani Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre,
Lacombe T4L 1W1, AB, Canada.
Francesca Velotti Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB),
La Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Francesco Visioli Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova,
Via 8 Febbraio, 2-35122 Padova, Italy.
Jennifer L. Watts School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive
Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman,
WA 99164, USA.
Zhihong Zhang Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy,
Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99163, USA.
Ruurd T. Zijlstra Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences,
University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, AB, Canada.

IX